高一(6)动名词

1、高一英语暑期复习材料（6）词汇巩固I. 单词拼写1. Its very _ (稀罕的) to find these birds in England in winter.2. The Habsburg _ (王朝) ruled in Austria for centuries.3. There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner could s_ one of them.4. The magazine will appear in a new _ (设计) from next month.5. For a moment Jim did not

2、 _ (移动) his eyes from her face.6. Mary was able to provide the police with some _ (value) information.7. The _ (amaze) thing is that it was kept secret for so long.8. When will they finish the _ (decorate) of the bathroom?9. Whoever made this cake is a real _ (art).10. A _ (wood) chair is more comfo

3、rtable than a metal one.11. The policemen are still searching for _ (survive) of the plane crash.12. Where will we meet?At the e_ to the theatre.13. The Titanic was a passenger ship which s_ to the bottom of the ocean in 1912. 14. A scientist must produce _ (证据) in support of a theory.15. There was

4、much lively _ (争论) about whether women should spend more time in the home.16. By the time the case comes to _ (审判), he will have spent a year in prison.17. The fire was thought to have been caused by a gas _ (explode).18. Two thousand British _ (sail) lost their lives when the ship went down. 19. It

5、s an outdoor party, so you can wear _ (formal) clothes. 20. Scientists are _ a cure for the disease.II选用方框内合适的短语，并用其正确形式填空belong to, at war, less than, in return, in search of1. My grandmother is always helping people without expecting anything _.2. I _ a football club and play football every Saturd

6、ay.3. Its not far; itll take _ an hour to get there. 4. Where were you when the two countries were _? 非谓语动词2 动名词定义：动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，兼有动词和名词的特征，它可以带宾语，也能被状语修饰。动名词接宾语或状语构成动名词短语。动名词有时态和语态的变化。基本形式：由动词原形家词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了，而现在分词常表示动作或状态。如：a sleeping chair躺/睡椅（动名词，表用途）a sleeping child正在睡觉的孩子（现在分词，

7、表状态）一、动名词的句法功能动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。1、作主语1）直接位于句首做主语。Reading is an art.读书是一种艺术。Climbing mountains is really fun.爬山真是有趣。Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering.在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。It is no use/no good crying over

8、spilt milk.覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。It was hard getting on the crowded street car.上这种拥挤的车真难。It is fun playing with children.和孩子们一起玩真好。这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste o

9、f time/a pleasure + v.ing注意：important，essential，necessary等形容词后面不用动名词（常用不定式）。3）用于“There be”结构中。There is no saying when hell come.很难说他何时回来。There is no joking about such matters.对这种事情不是开玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史的车轮不可阻挡。常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do 注意：在“The

10、re be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。4）用于布告形式的省略结构中。No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here).禁止吸烟。No parking.禁止停车。5）动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。Lao Lis going there wont be of much help.老李

11、去不会有多大帮助。2、作宾语（1）作动词的宾语*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, cant stand, put off, g

12、ive up等。如：Would you mind opening the window?把窗户打开好吗？She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing.她建议去长城春游。Seeing the picture, he couldnt help laughing.看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。*在下面这种结构中也可以用

13、动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider + it（形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless + v.ing（真正宾语）.I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。Do you consider it any good trying again?你认为再试一次有好处吗？*形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。The music is well worth listening to more than once.这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语*能接动名词的短语有

14、：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stopfrom, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend(in)

15、, feel like, preferto, instead of, in case of等等。We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我们休息呢还是开始干活？Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time.安好久以来就盼望着来中国。*在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：（1）S + have + trouble/d

16、ifficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing（2）S + spend time/money + (in) +V.ing（3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing（4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing（立即 ）We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet.我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken

17、English?要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：a wa

18、lking sticka stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readingsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping二、动名词的复合结构带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结

19、构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如：Her coming to help encouraged all of us.他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。(=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)Janes being careless caused so much trouble.简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。(=That Jane

20、 was careless caused so much trouble.)Whats troubling them is their not having enough food.烦扰他们的是食物不足。(=Whats troubling them is that they have not enough food.)在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：Would you mind my/me using your computer?用下你的电脑介意吗？The father insisted o

21、n his sons/his son going to college.爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry.他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。例：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.Ayou to callByou callCyou callingDyoure calling在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：a.无命名词The baby w

22、as made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。b.有生命名词但表示泛指意义Have you ever heard of women practising boxing?你听说过妇女练拳击吗？c.两个以上的有生命名词并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this?你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？三、动名词的时态和语态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done（一）时态1、动名词一般式：表示的

23、动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的动作。I hate talking with such people.我讨厌与这样的人说话。Being careless is not a good habit.粗心不是一个好习惯。2、动名词的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。I dont remember having met him before.我记不得以前见过他。Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.谢谢你费力帮忙。He denied having take

24、n any money from the cash register.他否认从现金出纳机里拿了钱。（二）语态动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如：I dont like being laughed at in public.在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。He came in without being asked.没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a m

25、edal.我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：Excuse me for being late.我来晚了请你原谅。I dont remember ever meeting somewhere.我记不得原来在什么地方见过。Thank you for giving us so much help.谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。如：I forget once being taken (having bee

26、n taken ) to the city zoo.我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。四、动名词的否定式：not + V.ingI regret not being able to help you.我很抱歉不能帮助你。I apologize for not having waited for you.没有等你，我向你表示歉意。五、动名词与动词不定式的区别：1.作主语或表语时：动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语，在意义上相近，但动名词多用来表示泛指的抽象的动作或经常性的动作；不定式多用来表示特指或具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。比较：Smoking is not good for health.I

27、t is not good for you to smoke so much.My job is teaching English.Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。2.在like, hate, prefer等动词后：如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词做宾语；如指特定的或具体的某次行为，用不定式更多一些。I like reading books in my spare time.I like to read that book.They prefer walking to cycling.He prefers to

28、stay at home today.3.有些动词后即可用动名词也可以不定式做宾语（如like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, want, need, stop, remember, forget, try, attempt等）。有时区别不大，如：Lets continue working/to work.When did you begin learning/to learn English?但有时两种结构之间含义不同，如remember, forget, regret, try, stop, mean, go on等。He tri

29、ed speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们讲话。Please try to do it better next time.下次请设法做得更好些。This means setting out at once.这意味着立即出发。He really meant to come.他确实打算来的。4.在表示“需要”意思的want, need, require, deserve等动词后：当主语表事物时，其后既可用动名词的主动式也可用不定式的被动式表被动含义。My watch needs repairing/to be repaired.The house wants clean

30、ing/to be cleaned.The way deserves mentioning/to be mentioned.These young trees will require looking after/to be looked after carefully.5.在allow, permit, advise, recommend, consider, forbid等词后，常用动名词做宾语，用不定式做宾语补足语。We dont allow smoking here.Her mother doesnt allow her to stay up late.注意：Seeing is bel

31、ieving./To see is to believe.眼见为实。练习选择最佳选项1）Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A）having been finedB）to have been fined C）to be fined D）being fined2）I really appreciate _ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.A）you to offer B）that you offer C）your o

32、ffering D）that you are offering3）The thief took away the womans wallet without _.A）being seen B）seeingC）him seeingD）seeing him4）No one can avoid _ by advertisements.A）to be influencedB）being influencedC）influencingD）having influenced5）They are considering _ before the prices go up.A）of buying the ho

33、useB）with buying the houseC）buying the houseD）to buy the house6）If I had remembered _ the door, the things would not have been stolen.A）to lockB）lockingC）to have lockedD）having locked7）My transistor radio isnt working.It _.A）need repairingB）needs to repairC）needs repairingD）need to be repaired8）It i

34、s no use _ me not to worry.A）you tellB）your tellingC）for you to have toldD）having told9）He is very busy _ his papers.He is far too busy _ callers.A）to write; to receiveB）writing; to receive C）writing; receivingD）to write; for receiving10）The suspect at last admitted _ stolen goods but denied _ them.

35、A）receiving; sellingB）to receive; to sell C）to receiving; to sellingD）to have received; to have sold11）She apologized for _ to come.A）her not being ableB）her being not able C）not being ableD）that shes not able to12）Please stop _,boys,I have something important to _ you.A）saying; talk B）telling;say C

36、）talking; speakD）talking;tell13）Tony,would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _ his tape recorder?A）to fix B）fixing C）for fixing D）fix14）I remember _ to help us if we ever got in trouble.A）once offeringB）him once offeringC）him to offerD）to offer him15）John regretted _ to the meeting last week.

37、A）not goingB）not to goC）not having been goingD）not to be going16）Do you feel like _ out or would you rather _ dinner at home?A）going; to haveB）to go; to haveC）to go; havingD）going; have17）We had some trouble _ the house and nobody seemed _where it was。A）in finding; knowingB）finding; to know C）to fin

38、d; knowing D）to find; to know19）It is no good _ remember grammatical rules.You need to practise what you have learned.A）trying toB）to try toC）try toD）tried to20）I dont like _ at me.A）them laughing B）their laughC）them laughD）them to have laughed21）We suggested _ in hotels but the children were anxiou

39、s _ out。A）sleeping; to campB）sleeping; camping C）to sleep; to campD）to sleep; camping22）The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court.A）objected to havingB）were objected to have C）objected to haveD）were objected to having23）After _ him better,I regretted _ hi

40、m unfairly.A）getting to know; to judgeB）getting to know; to have judgedC）getting to have know; judgingD）getting to know; having judged24）He is looking forward to _ his holiday in Britain.A）spendB）have spentC）spendingD）having been spending25） Why were you so late for work today? _ to the office was v

41、ery slow this morning because of the traffic.A）DrivingB）I droveC）To driveD）That I drove26）It was impolite of him _without _goodbye.A）to leave,sayingB）leaving,to sayC）to leave,to sayD）leaving,saying27）He kept _to his parents。A）putting off to writeB）to put off to writeC）putting off writingD）to put off

42、 writing用动词的适当形式填空1. They all enjoyed _ (learn) to skate.2. Have you finished _ (read) the book?3. He wouldnt consider _ (make) these changes.4. Jack has just given up _ (smoke).5. Peter kept on _ (ask) questions.6. She didnt mind _ (work) over time.7. We cant postpone _ (answer) that letter any lon

43、ger.8. On _ (arrive) at the village he found tractors working in the fields.9. Besides _ (read), he is fond of _ (dance) and _ (snake).10. Instead of _(go) to the concert, she went to an exhibition.完形填空Once upon a time, there was a poor man. His 41 was also very poor a small and empty house, which w

44、as 42 with spider webs (蜘蛛网). People tried to 43 coming into his house as they didnt want to come to such a 44 place. And the poor man thought that poverty (贫困) was the 45 for his unlucky life.Then, the poor man 46 a wise man and told him about his poverty. The man felt sorry for the poor man and gave him a vase (花瓶). “This will save you from 47 ,” the wise man 48 . The poor man took the 49 from the wise man and wanted to 50 it at first and then spend the money on drinking, as usual. Besides, why would he 51 such a beautiful thing? But then he started 52 the vase carefully and dec