中考专题复习

1、中考专题复习（viii）-非谓语动词用法归类所谓非谓语动词，它包含：动词不定式，现在分词，动名词，过去分词。他们不能做谓语外，在句中可以做主语，宾语，表语，补语，状语，定语。 一动词不定式的用法 不定式是动词的一种形式（tov.)，它具有动词的特性，例如，它可以有自己的宾语，可以被状语修饰等。不定式和它自己的宾语或状语组成不定式短语。不定式（短语）在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。也可以看教材各module中列举的例句来理解动词不定式的句法作用。特点：动词不定式无人称，数的变化，否定形式在to前直接加not，假如是不带to的形式，就直接在动词前加not.1）、下面举例归纳说

2、明不定式的句法作用：1.作主语： to smoke is a bad habit.=it is a bad to smoke. 吸烟是一个坏习惯。 it is great honour for me to be present at the conference. 参加这次大会我感到很荣幸。 （注意，不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数）重点句型：1。“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）.的”。(可以:sb is /are + adj来表达. )注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good（好的），kind（友善的），nice（友好的），polite

3、（有礼貌的），clever（聪明的），等。例如:its very kind of you to help me.（=you are very kind to help me.）你能帮助我，真好。its very rude of her to say such words.（=she is very rude to say such words.）她说这样的话，真粗鲁。its foolish of him to go alone.=he is foolish to go alone.他单独出去太傻了。2.“its+adj/a/an+ adj+n(名词).+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某

4、人来说是的”。e.g: a.its our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的职责。b.its better to come or do later than not. 忘羊补牢.c. its difficult to pull the teeth out of the mouth of tiger虎口拔牙是难的.注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important（重要的），necessary（必要的），difficult（困难的），easy（容易的），hard（艰难的），dangerous（危险的），safe（安全的），useful（有益的），pl

5、easant（舒适的），interesting（有趣的），impossible（不可能的）等。例如:.its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.（=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.）对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。2.作表语：my job is to help the patient in the earthquake.我的工作是帮助地震中的病人。the most important thing at present is to improve your ability

6、of hearing and speaking english. 目前最重要的是提高你们听说英语的能力。 my hope is to be a scientist.我希望成为一位科学家。 3.作宾语：直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come，promise afford aim appear agree arrange choose come dare demand expect elect happen help le o

7、ffer ought plan prepare pretend refuse seem wait wish 等。 we want to learn some body language. 我们想学习一点身势语。 i dont know what to do next. 我不知道下一步该干什么。 重点句型：sb +finds/found +it +adj+ to +v .一定注意形式宾语一定用it,后无be动词，与做主语有区别。作形式宾语。不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。如： i find it interesting to st

8、udy history 我发现他对历史学习感兴趣。 4.作宾语补足语：1).ask/tell/want/ persuade .sb+to+v .would you like me to help you? 你要我帮忙吗？ body language helps you (to) communicate with foreigners. 身势语有助于你同外国人交际。 2). 在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:i made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。i d

9、idnt see you come in.我没看见你进来(制动作的全过程，一般是完成的动作)。而也可以+v-ing (表示正在进行)，如何区别可以通过上下文动作/时间状语来判断。如： 5.作定语： children, i have something to tell you. 孩子们，我有件事情要告诉你们。 im very busy； i have some letters to write. 我很忙，还有几封信要写呢。(中考不考,但要了解.注意:做不定代词的后置定语要考) 6.作状语： people shake their heads to show disagreement. 人们摇头以表

10、示不同意。 we eat to live； we dont live to eat. 我们吃是为了活着，不是活着为了吃。 i visited to see my uncle yesterday.昨天我去拜访了我uncle。im sorry to hear the bad news. 我一听到糟糕的消息就难过。重点：（见中考复习p70页）要注意如下两个句型的用法，后面的to+v（原形）都是做状语。（见：中考专题形容词，副词专题复习（ii）a. too+adj/adv+ to +v. 太而不能.b. be/v+adj/adv+ enough to +v 足够.干它们是简单句，还可以与以下句型互相转

11、换。a.be(系动词) /v(行为动词)+so +adj(形容词)/adv(副词) +that +从句bso+ adj +a/an+ +n +that +从句cso+adj(many/much/ little /a lots)+n(可数/不可数名词 ) +that +从句dsuch+ a/an +adj + (单数可数名词) + that +从句如此以致于.（以上都是复合句）eg:1.他是如此的年轻而不能去上学.a. he is so young that he couldnt go to school. =b.he is so a young boy that he couldnt go t

12、o school. =c.he is too young to go to school =d.he isnt old enough to go to school.2.这台电脑是如此的贵以致我买不起它。a.the coumpter cost so much money that i couldnt buy .=b. the coumpter was too expensive for me to buy .=c. the coumpter was so expensive that i couldnt buy it .=d. it was such a expensive coumpter

13、that i couldnt buy it .2）、不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:1、在引导疑问句的why not之后。why not+不带to的不定式是why dont you do的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如:why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。why not take a holiday。=why dont you take a holiday。为什么不休个假呢。2、在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:you had better go

14、home now.你最好现在回家。its cold outside. youd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。3、在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:i made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我3). 和疑问词who，what，when，where，which，how构成不定式短语作宾语。例如： i dont know how to use a computer我不知道怎样使用计算机。 can you tell me when

15、to start？你能告诉我什么时候出发吗4).一些特殊用法区别:另外要注意need +to +v(不定式), need+v(情态动词)的用法区别. e.g : he needs some help= =he needs to help= he need help他需要帮助. 一、最佳选择( )1. the weather is very cold. wed _-keep the door open. a. better not to b. not better c. not better to d. better not( )2. will you please _ me your math

16、s bookfor theafternoon? a. leadingb. lend c. to lendd. borrow( )3. he has got used to _ early. a. getting upb. get up c. be gotten upd. be getting( ) 4. he walked _ fast for us _catch up with. a. so, that b. such, that c. enough, to d. too, to( )5. it is _to work out this problem. you neednt go to t

17、he teacher. a. enough easy b.easily enough c. easy, enough d. very easily( )6. every day i spend two hours _my homework. a.finishing to do b.finishing doingc. to finish to do d. to finish doing( )7. lin tao cant be at home. i saw him _here a few minutes ago. a. plays b. to play c. playing d. played(

18、 )8. wed better _on the road.,or a car may hit us. a. not to play b. not play c. to not play d. dont play( ) 9.-when can i go out to play football, mum? -finish your homework first, or i wont let you _. a. to go out b. go out c. going out d. will go out( )10. could you make her _laughing? a. stop b.

19、 to stop c. stops d. stopped( )11. im sorry i havent got any money. ive _ my handbag at home. a. missed b. left c. put d. forgot( )12.-_ we make it half past seven? -what about _ it a little earlier? a. shall, making b. shall, to makec. will, making d. will, to make( )13. id like to have a nice room

20、 _. a. live b. to live c. to live in d. live in( )14. to a doctor, the most important thing is _. a. to save b. saving c. to saving d. saved( ).15.im sorry to have kept you _ for a long time. a. wait b. to wait c. waiting d. to be waiting二根据所给单词填空 1. english is not easy _（learn）.2 you had better _（n

21、ot put ）the picture up on the wall.3. would you like _（reseach ）into the room or would you rather stay here？4. the room is large enough for 100 people _（sit ）a meeting in5.youd better have someone _（protect ）it for you.6. im going to listen to the radio. please _（not talk）any more.7.look,there is a

22、purse _ ( lie ) on the ground .8.he often saw her _( go ) upstairs alone . 一、 常使用动词不定式的短语表 1).带to 的有1.cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事 2.cant help laughing情不自禁3.agree to do sth/with sb/sth 同意干 /某人/某事 4.ask (tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)做某事5.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 6.would like /want (sb.)

23、to do sth. 想要做某事7.have sth/nothing to do 有时要做/与无关 8.find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事9.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.=prefer +v-ing .to + v -ing 宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事10.its time to do sth. its time for sth 该做某事的时候了 11.its +adj. for sb. to do sth. 12.its +adj. of sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是(假如sb be adj 通顺就用of

24、 )13.its better /best to do sth. 最好做某事 14.it takes sb. st. to do sth. 某人花时间做某事15.usedto do sth. 过去常常干. 16.do /try one s best to do sth 尽力干某事17.change one s mind to do s th 改变某人的主意干. 18.be afraid /terrfied to + v 害怕.干.19.be proud/ the pride to +v=take pride in +v -ing 以.而骄傲/自豪20.be excited to + v /ab

25、out + n /pron 对干.、感到兴奋21.be surprised to +v /with +n /pron 对干.感到惊奇 2).注意以下句型的互换:1. tooto do sth. 太而不能 2. so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此以致3.such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(从句) 如此以致4.(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够eg a.the boy is too young to go to school.b.the boy is so young that he cant g

26、o to school. c.he is such a young boy that he cant go to school. d.the boy is not old to go to school. 他太年轻而不能去上学. 另外对比介词一起记忆,以下不同的是+名词/代词.1.say hello to sb /goodbye to sb 向.问好/说再见 2.take .to .拿.地方去3.bring .to 把.从.地方带来4.show .sth to s b 把.给.看5.send .sth to sw 发射.到/派遣. 去.6.get/be married to+ sb 与结婚7.

27、lend sth to sb 把.借给. (borrow .s th . from sb从.借进. )假如把两个宾语位置对调,则上省略to 。lend sb +sth buy /cook /read .sth for sb 为.买/煮/读注意:sth /sb全部用 代词的 宾格.sth =somthing s b =somebody sw =somewhere 二、 省略动词不定式的短语（一看二听三使役）1.d (had ) better do sth /not do sth .最好干/别干.2.feel /see /hear /watch sb do/not do sth 感觉/看到/听到/

28、观看/注意.干.(感官动词)3.let /make sb do /not do sth 让/使得.干. (使役动词)注意:make + n. 使某人成为 make + sb. + adj（形容词）. 使某人(是连系动词)eg.a.we made peter our monitor. b.the music makes us amazing . c.he often makes me laugh. e.g it made me _ a .happy .b happily c .danger d .pleasure ( 答案：a，形容词 )4.help sb. (to) do sth/ with

29、sth. 帮助某人作某事 5.why dont you/ not do sth. 为什么不做某事6.would /will / could you please (not) do sth. 请你(不)作某事好吗?注意:do 即+ 动词原形,假如是否定形式,就直接+not 2动名词用法：所谓动名词(gerund)就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分.单独使用，作形容词用。意思是:可供/用来的 1）、动词做主语和介词宾语一定变为vinge.g: a.playing computer games toomuch does harm

30、 to you.b.its useful for us to prevent the people from killing endangered2）、介词短语后动词用法 .大部分的 be/get +adj + to + v 原形，但是 look forward to +v-ing盼望干, pay attention to +v-ing 注意干 ,be/get used to+v-ing习惯于干, make a contrubation to +v-ing致力于干/为.作贡献. ,其它介词后动词都是+v-ing ,特别要注意一些介词短语的用法，而注意一些省略形式be/get busy (wit

31、h ) +v-ing忙于干 ,spend .(on) +v-ing在方面花钱/时间干 。作表语:one of the best exercises is swimming.一些短语，动名词作定语swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖 opening speech 开幕词 listening aid 助听器waiting room 候车室 running water 自来水家 working people 劳动人民 作定语. 动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语

32、时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系.a sleeping bag.(用途)=a bag for sleepinga sleeping child = a child is sleeping (child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作。ii.现在分词用法：现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词,在句中作定语或者状语，所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语,宾语,同位语时,它肯定时动名词.当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时,它肯定是现在分词 ,表示主动。如：developing countries 发展中国（表示正在进行）

33、单独使用是形容词，表示正在进行，令的意思。 1）、分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系，这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一，并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句 eg.a、arunningboy= aboywhoisrunningb、thegirlstandingthere= agirlwhoisstandingthere2）、动词可以加现在分词作宾补： 感官动词：seehearwatchfeelnoticefind+sb + v-ing (表示动作正在进行，注意与+v（表示动作全过程）对比) eg: a.i found her running

34、on the road. 注意特殊用法（见归类表）3）、有.正在在干.there is/are v-ing e.g :there is a man lying on the floor.iii.过去分词用法:具有形容词的性质，.的,表示被动,动作已经完成。结构：规则的v-ed，不规则见表：动词时态复习（vii）eg ：china is a developing country ,but japan is a developed country. 中国是一个发展中国家，但日本是一个发达国家。a. he has a son called jim. 过去分词短语 planstrained.训练计划

35、elerticed/operatedslippes 带电的拖鞋heated ice cream scoop加热冰淇淋的勺子。注意：interesting /interested,pleasant/pleased ,exciting/excited,surprising/surprised.等的区别， +ing, pleasant表示“令/使.的”,而+ed是对的”.见形容词复习(ii)e.g .( )1. he was _ to see the _ film. a. excited,excited b.exciting , exciting c. excited exciting, d. ex

36、citing, excited.( )2. i have read a book_ lao she. a. wroteb.writtenc.written byd. writesiv. 常用动名词的短语(v-ing ) 1.enjoy /like /love /be fond of doing sth. 喜欢做某事 2.keep /keep on /carry on / go on dong sth. 继续做某事 注意：keep +adj. 保持状态 （是连系动词）3.feel like doing sth. = wand to do = .would like to do sth 想要做某事

37、4.practice doing sth. 练习做某事 5.give up doing sth. 放弃作某事6.be good at/ do well in doing sth. 擅长作某事7.what about/ how about doing sth. .怎么样(好吗)?8.thank you for doing sth. 为感谢某人 9.mind doing sth. 介意作某事10.be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth被用来作某事11.sb +spend (in) doing s th. 谁花时间作某时12.be/get busy doi

38、ng/ with sth. 忙于作某事 13.finish doing sth. 作完某时14.prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢而不 15.be/get used doing sth. 习惯作某事16.keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人作某事17.continue /till/finish/consider/start+v-ing,继续/一直/完成/认为干/开始干.18. be afraid /terrfied of +v ing 害怕.干.注意:一般动词作介词宾语/主语:动词变为v-ing(与现在分词

39、形式一样) 同义词比较1、 stop to do sth. 停下来正在做的事去作另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事eg. when the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. after he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.2、 forget / remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去作某事forget / remember doing sth. 忘记记得曾经做过某事。eg. a.please rememb

40、er to bring my book to school. b. i remember doing my homework3、 used to do sth. 过去常常作某事 be used to do sth. 被用来作某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事eg. a .my father used to smoking，did n t he? .你的父亲过去常常吸烟，对吗？b .wood is used to make paper.木是用来造纸的 c. i am used to getting up early.我习惯于早起。全国各地中考举例1( ) wo

41、man wants her daughter _ english every morning. a.read b.reads c.reading d.to read2.( ) the children like mr white very much because he often makes them _.a.laughed b.laugh c.laughing d.to laugh3.( )my mother always tells me _ out alone at night. a.go b.not go c.not to go d.dont go4.( )we can use ms

42、n to talk with each other on the internet. really？will you please show me _？ a.what to use b.how to use it c.where to use it5.( )what about going swimming with me？sorry.i have a lot of homework _.a.to do b.done c.do d.to be done6.( )i dont know with this problem.its too hard _.you can ask mr wang fo

43、r help。.a.which to do b.when to do c.what to do d.how to do7.( )a：what did the man say over there？b：he told us _ any further.there is danger ahead.a.dont go b.not go c.to go d.not to go8.( )we can use qq to talk with each other on line.good！will you please show me _ it？a.what to use b.how to use c.w

44、hen to use d.where to use9.( )its bad for your eyes _ computer games too much. a.plays b.to play c.play d.playing10.( )lets go and see the new no.4 middle school.oh，sorry.now，it _ only in a blueprint(蓝图). a.can see b.cant see c.can be seen11( )my watch is broken.i want to know how to make it _. a.wo

45、rk b.to work c.walk d.to walk12.( )mother asks me _ computer games before finishing my homework. a.not play b.to play c.not to play d.to not play13( )he coughed day and night.his wife asked him_ smoking. agiving up bgoing on cto give up dto go on14( )jenny，let me tell you a secret.i am tired of my mum these days.why？she makes me _ an nanshan stadium every sunday aftenoon. adance bdanced cto dance ddancing15.( )the teacher told the students _ football on the street. a.played b.to play c.not play d.not to play16.( )could you tell me _ the internet？ a.how to search b.how search c.how