八年级英语讲义经典整理

1、1词形转化Rubbish un =litter take out the rubbishFold- feld-feld-folding fold your clothesSweep-swept-swept-sweeping sweep the floorfloor第三人称单数：floors复数：floors现在分词：flooring过去式：floored过去分词：floored mess-messy-messily mess up陷入困境；搞糟a mess of一大堆；把弄糟 in a mess乱糟糟，一团糟neither none eithershirt shirts wear a shir

2、t T-shirtpass passed/past passed/past passing pass onborrow borrowed borrowed borrow fromlend lent lent lending lend tofinger cn fingerhate hateful可憎的；可恨的；可恶的 .hatefully可憎地；憎恨地chore chores do choresmake the bed=make ones beddinner cook dinner have dinner breakfast lunch go out for dinnertire tired t

3、iringreply replied replied angry anger angrilycome came come do did done sit sat sat help helped helped helping helpful helplessother othersbore boring bored重点词法1.Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？【解析1】Could you please do sth ?请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can

4、的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I cant【2013 湖北黄冈3】40.Could I borrow your camera? _，but please give it back by Saturday. A. I am sorry B. Of course C. Certainly not D. No, thanks15.Sir , could you please put out your cigarette? This is a smoke-f

5、ree（无烟的）school. _ A. Im sorry about this. B. No problem C. Sure, Id love to D. Never mindCould you please?检查它Could you please? 洗碗Could you please? 拖地 Could you , please? 整理你的床铺Could you please?叠你的衣服 Could you please?打扫起居室 Could you please? 倒垃圾Could you please not do sth ?请你（不做）.好吗Could you please?不要

6、玩电脑游戏 Could you please?不要大声说话 Could you please?抽烟Could I ?我能做某事吗用于寻求允许Could I ?使用你的电脑Could I ? 去看电影Could I ? 在外面呆到很晚 Could I ?搭便车Could I ?看电视【解析2】take out 取出（v+ adv） 【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间； 跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下

7、； 起飞takedown记下;拆卸; take sth.with sb. 随身带着take it easy 别紧张take care of 关心，照顾，保管take an exam 参加考试ake ones temperature 量体温The gift is in the box. You can take it out. （ ）His teeth hurt badly. The dentist _. A .take out it B. take out them C. take it out D .take them out ( ) Lisa, we need to clean the k

8、itchen. Could you _ the trash? -Yes, sure.take after B. take off C. take place D. take out( ) _ your pen and write down what Im going to say. A. Take away B. Take off C. Take down D. Take outA. 【2013黑龙江大庆】6. You had better hurry or well be late for the plane. The plane will _ in a few minutes. A. ta

9、ke upB. take downC. take offD. take away你能和我一起去散步吗?你应该关心你的父母。那个男孩明天将参加一个考试请脱掉你的外套。2. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？do the dishes 洗碗 【结构1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服 【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生 【结构3】do ones + 名词 do ones housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业 【结构4】do some +动词-ing do

10、 some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物Do some shopping do some cleaning 你能和你一起去购物吗？你能打扫卫生吗？你能做你的家庭作业吗？( ) He helps his mother _ after every meal. A. does the dishes B. do the dish C. do the dishes D. does the dishCould I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？【解析1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做.吗？用于表达请求，

11、语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?【解析2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过【2012江苏南通4】Now all of us exercise at _ least _ hour a day and outside school. A. the; a B.a; an C.不填；a D.不填；an他至少50岁了。你至少看了2个小时电视了【解析3】finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事 finish sth 做完某事lets _ the

12、 work 一起把工作完成吧.I _at 8:00 last night.(昨晚八点我完成了作业) You do have to_before eating吃东西之前，你确实得先洗手你应该今天完成它10. -May I go out with you tomorrow?-If your job _by then.A. has been finished B. finish C. will be finished D. will finish2013四川雅安4】8. Can you finish _ these books before 10 oclock? Yes, I can. A. to

13、read B. read C. reads D. ReadingI think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。【解析1】two hours of TV表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 How time is flies! Three years _(be) really a short time.300dollar _enough作形容词 足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）【解析2】enough I dont have enough money with me.作 副词

14、足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后） The river is deep enough for swimming. 【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isnt kind enough to help others.【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。足够的时间_ 足够的蔬菜_ 足够快_足够聪明 _ We_ our homework. 我们有充足的时间做家庭作业 I was_ believe him. 我够傻的,竟会相信他 由中考试题看so.that,too.to和enoughto的转换sothat，tooto和en

15、oughto是初中英语教材中的重要结构。在一定条件下它们可以相互转换，并经常成为中考热点，请看下面三道中考试题：1 ThewaterwassodirtythatwecouldntdrinkitThewaterwas_dirtyforus_drink2ThechildissoyoungthathecantputonhisclothesThechildisnt_putonhisclothes3TheproblemistoodifficultformetoworkoutTheproblemisnt_formetoworkout4. Could you take out the rubbish,fol

16、d the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？【解析】take out 拿出；取出take 的用法：拿；取Please take some books to the classroom. 吃；喝；服用 Take this medicine three times a day.乘（车；船等）take They usually take the bus to work.花费（时间；金钱） It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.-Carelessdrivingafterdrin

17、king_hislife.-Imsorrytohearthat.A.tookB.spentC.paidD.cost6. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” Please write to me the minute you get there.她一到那，我就将给她打电话。【解析2】 in front ofin front of 指在物体外部的前面 There is a bike in front of

18、 the classroom.【辨析】 in the front of 指在物体内部的前部 Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【记】 The driver sat _ the car. The policeman stood _ the car.There is a mountain the house. There is a blackboard the classroom. ( ) At last the taxi stopped _ a tall building ,and we all got off. A. i

19、n front B. in the front C. in front of D. in the front of【注意】有the无the区别大： at table 吃饭；进餐 at the tabel 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）【解析3】come over 过来 come over to sb顺便来访 【拓展】 come 短语：come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于come in/i

20、nto进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来1.If we try our best，our dream will _ one day.（内蒙古自治区包头市）A.work out B.come trueC.put up D.show off2.Han Han is a popular writer. His new book will _ this September.（江苏省宿迁市）A.come up B.come inC.come out D.come o

21、n1.Icame_himfirstinBeijing.2.Come_,tryitagain.3.Illhelpyoutooifanybeastcomes_you.4.Itisimpossibleforadeadanimaltocome_5.LeiFengcame_apoorpeasantsfamily.6.Thetreesturngreenandflowerscome_7Thismagazinecomes_onceamonth.7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！【解析

22、】all the time = always 一直；总是【拓展】与time相关的短语： on time 按时 in time 及时 at the same time同时 form time to time偶尔 the first time 第一次 at times 有时 time and time again 一再；经常 last time上次 next time 下次The train arrives _.If you run, you may be_ for the busMeimei goes to the zoo _ 梅梅有时去动物园Look!The monkeys are runni

23、ng and jumping _看！那些猴子总是蹦来蹦去See you tomorrow_ 明天同一时间见8. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！【解析】as.as . 和.一样. 【注】比较级倍数表达句型为：倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象As big as twice as big as three times as big asThis room is _that one.三倍大Your room is_ mine.一样大 This bridge is _ that one.三倍长【2013玉林1】56. Liu Ying is good

24、 at singing. She sings _the famous singer, CoCo. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as2013临沂1】21. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should go to an open area as _ as possible. A. quicklyB. quietlyC. loudlyD. slowly你的帽子和我的一样漂亮33. Its said that the power pla

25、nt is now_ large as what it was. A. twice as B. as twice C. twice much D. much twice9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不” neither两者都不 neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student她既不喜欢乳酪

26、也不喜欢黄油_isathometoday.今天胞勃和汤母都不在家【2013浙江绍兴】6.Which magazine do you like better, Crazy Reading or Teens space? I like _of them. They are useful for English lessons. A. none B. neither C. all D. both 【十堰】D27. Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walkman?_. I prefer a portable computer. A. Both B. Eith

27、erC. None D. Neither5. The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _.Thats so cool!A. all B. both C. neither D. none3. I have two sisters, but _of them is a teacher.A. all B. neither C. both D. none 表达“也不” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”Theydidntgototheparkyesterday.Neit

28、her/Nordidwe.昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去Shedoesntgotoschoolbybus._我也没1.Hecanrideabike,so_I.2.Theboywoke,andaweeklater,so_hisfriend.3.Tomdoesntlikebananas.Neither_hiswife.4.Ifyouwontgo,neither_I.5.Heisateacherandso_hiswife.6.ShehasbeentoNewYork.SoI.7.IlikesingingandsoTom.8.IdonteatmeatandneitherHelen.9.Jamesdidnt

29、attendthemeetingandneitherJane.10.Shehasntseenthatfilm.NeitherI.11.Idontlikefootball.NeitherI.10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语【注】find found found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth

30、 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难You will_atthebackofthebook.在书后你可找到答案Wefind_我们发现这个故事很有趣Ifound_我发现那个小男孩藏在门后Hefound_.他发现要及时完成这项工作很困难( ) She found _ hard to finish the work by herself. A. that B. its C. it D. this11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地surprise v 使吃惊sur

31、prising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对感到吃惊Johnturnedaroundandlookedatme_Thenewsgreatly_us.这条消息使我们大为惊讶We_hisarrival She_findherhandbagmissing _，theboywontheprize.“Afarmer?”saidtheFrenchman_12. “ Im do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we ne

32、ed to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be doneHe_需要一些帮助 Its cold outside. You need_穿上你的大衣用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)neednt = do

33、nt have to 没有必要 不必You_atonce.你不必马上做那件事情You_thisweek.这周你不必去(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt练习1. Grandpa_towatertheflowersnow.Itsgoingtorainsoon2. .Tomwillhelpyoufinishtheworkontime,soyou_worryaboutit3. John,you_doyourhomeworktoday,Leaveitfo

34、rtomorrow4. Sinceyouareverytired,you_finishtheworktoday5. Parents_payforthenineyearseducationinChina6. Dontfeedthefishtoooftenforthey_muchfood7. Thereisplentyoftime.You_beinsuchahurry.Thisexerciseisnotdifficult.I_anyhelp( )You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.8.

35、A. neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need coming D. neednt comeshare sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物让我们分享这块蛋糕吧我喜欢和我的妈妈分享快乐。13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie?看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把.悬挂/挂起你喜欢和你的朋友闲逛吗？14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？【解析】p

36、ass v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人 Pass on 传递 Please pass the paper on to the other students.我把我的书递给了她，请把这个篮球传给他 v 通过；路过 I pass your home. v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.如果你不努力，你将不能通过考试。【2013广东中考】If Nancy _ the exam , she will go to Australia for English study. A. pass B. passed C. passes

37、D. will pass15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】borrow /lend/keep (1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】 borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 He doesnt want to lend h

38、is book to others. (3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【记】 I want to _ a bike from my friend but he didnt _ it to me, Because Tom had _ it for two days.【宁夏中考1】 You may _ the book for two weeks. A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. buy Although you like the book, you may only _ it for two weeks. A. bor

39、row B. keep C. lend D. stay. May I _ your dictionary? Sorry. Li Lei _ it for five days. A. lend; borrowed B. borrow; has kept C. borrow ; has borrowed D. lend; has lent16. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。【解析】try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。 try v 试图，设法，努力 【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿

40、(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事1 Scientists are trying their best to _ ways to treat the terrible disease called H7N9.A. come up with B. look forward to C. talk about D. give up2013广东中考2】 I didnt hear you co

41、me in just now. Thats good. We tried _ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. MakingNobody answers the front door.Lets _ the back door.没人应前门,我们试试敲后门Lets _ this maths problem.让我们努力解开这道数学题.You can _the shirt if you like17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。【解析】hate to do

42、sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him. hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room. 18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 请求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事 (1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助 (2) ask sb. (not)

43、to do sth请求某人做某事 ask构成的短语：短语含义ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth不让某人做某事ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help 寻求帮助)The young should _ the old _ advice at work. A. ask; for B. ask; to C. ask for; / D. asks; ( ) If you have difficulty in learning English, you should ask your teacher or your class

44、mates _ help. A. for B. of C. in D. on【重庆中考】 Mr. Li asks the students _ in the river, because its too dangerous. A. swim B. to swim C. not to swim D. to not swim【2013北京中考】Our teacher often asks us _ questions in groups.A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed19.Ill finish my homework whil

45、e you help me with the dishes. 当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事Finish的用法及物动词vt.1.结束;完成+v-ingWhendoeshe_hiscollegecourse?他何时大学毕业?Ihavent_thebookyet.我还没读完这本书【解析2】while conj. “在期间； 当的时候”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。While用法小结：一、while用作名词时，意为“一段时间，一会儿”。例如：Istayedthereforashortwhile.（我在那儿呆了

46、一小会儿。）Thepostmancameashortwhileago.（邮递员刚刚来过。）二、while用作连词时，有以下几种含义：1.意为“当时候，和同时”，引导时间状语从句。例如：WhileIwaswatchingTV,thebellrang.（我看电视时，铃响了。）MeimeiwatchedTVwhilesheatehersupper.（梅梅边吃晚饭边看电视。）【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。【注】help v 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在的帮助之下Canyou_h?你能帮助我学英语吗？Helpyou