高考语法复习不定式

1、动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式否定形式否定形式to do not to doto be doneto be doingto have done被动形式被动形式主动形式主动形式to have been donefor sb to do复合结构for sb to doto see is to believe . to lose heart means failure. its a good habit to get up early.its necessary for us to drink water as often as possible.1

2、. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语( subject)：注：注：1. 1.动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2. 2.如果动词不定式太长，常把如果动词不定式太长，常把it it用作形式主语用作形式主语。句型句型1：it + 谓语谓语 + to doeg: it takes us an hour to get there by bus.句型句型2：its + n. + to doeg: its our duty to help the poor.句型句型3：it is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.注：注：for/of sb to

3、do sth 为不定式复合结构。为不定式复合结构。eg: its very kind of you to help me.2.不定式作表语不定式作表语my job is to help the patient .the only thing i can do is to study hard.hope, wish, want, promise, agree, decide , plan , refuse, manage, determine, fail, hurry3. 动词不定式作宾语：动词不定式作宾语：注：注：1 .1 .有些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语。有些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语。 2

4、 .2 .不定式作宾语，如果后面带有宾补时，用不定式作宾语，如果后面带有宾补时，用it it作为作为 形式宾语，不定式后置形式宾语，不定式后置i find it interesting to work with him .he felt it a hard task to finish it on time.e.g. i promise to finish the homework on time.want, ask, teach, promise, tell, allow, permit, forbid, advise, persuade; order; invite 4. 动词不定式作宾语

5、补足语：动词不定式作宾语补足语：the teacher advised us to read every morning.注：注：但感官动词但感官动词( (see, observe, hear, find .) .)，使役，使役动词动词( (make, let, have) )后省略后省略 toto作宾补，在被动语作宾补，在被动语态中加回态中加回toto。i noticed him leave.=he was noticed to leave by me.i have some books for you to read . please give me a knife to cut with

6、 . she is looking for a room to live in .5. 不定式作定语不定式作定语注：不定式作定语往往表示尚未发生的动作。注：不定式作定语往往表示尚未发生的动作。比较比较: i have some clothes to wash. i am going to attend an important meeting to be held tomorrow.1). 动宾关系动宾关系: i have a lot of work to do. give me a piece of paper to write on.2). 主谓关系主谓关系: she is the bes

7、t person to finish the work. women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat.3). 修饰性关系修饰性关系(同位同位) : eg: the poor had no chance to go to university in the past. can you find the way to solve the problem? 6. 6. 动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语 im saving up to buy a computer.(1) 表示目的表示目的_ pass the exam，he w

8、orked very hard.in order toso as to 不可以置于句首不可以置于句首目的状语还可以用目的状语还可以用in order to或或so as to来表示来表示不定式表示结果常见于下列句型不定式表示结果常见于下列句型( 2 )表示结果表示结果1)only to dohe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.2)enough to dohe didnt run fast enough to catch the train. 3)too.to dohis eyesight is too poor to read su

9、ch small letters.4)so.as to dowould you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?5)such.as to dowe are not such fools as to believe him.( 3 )不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语：i am sorry to hear that.i am glad to see you. we were very excited to hear the news动词不定式考点动词不定式考点不定式的不定式的主被动主被动形式形式不定式的不定式的省略省略问题问题特殊疑问词特殊疑问词加不定式

10、加不定式1.wand dong wanted to surf the internet, but his father told him_.a not to do b. not do it c. do not to d. not to 2.-would you like to join us in the game?-id _. but i have to go to the teachers office.3. -do you like reading love novels? no, but i _.4.to learn english well, we can do nothing bu

11、t wait .not tolike toused tohave no choice but to speak不定式和特殊疑问词不定式和特殊疑问词 who, when， what, which, why 等连用也可在句中作等连用也可在句中作主，宾，表。主，宾，表。the question is how to do the job well.when to leave and where to go havent been decided.he told me where to find the book.1.用于adj. 后e.g. i am sorry to have kept you wa

12、iting for a long time.2.用于seem ,appear, happen, pretend. 后e.g. the police seemed to have known the truth. he pretended to be reading a book when his mother came in.3.用于be said/believed/reported/considered / thought后e.g. the writer is said to be writing another novel. 30 persons were reported to have

13、 been killed in this accident.4.用于 be sure/certain/likely 后e.g. the bus is likely to have left. the purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (met99) a. not make b. not to make c. not making d. do not make 2. ive worked with children before, so i know what _ in my new j

14、ob. (nmet2000) a. expected b. to expect c. to be expecting d. expects高考题汇集高考题汇集：3. charles babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (met1998) to invent b. inventing c. to have invented c. having invented4. allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (met2003

15、) much too heavy b. too much heavy c. heavy too much d. too heavy much5. the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (nmet95)a. not to b. not to do c. not do it d. do not to6. little jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (met 97) to be taken b. to take c. be

16、ing taken d. taking7.there are five pairs _,but im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考上海高考) to be chosen b. to choose from c. to choose d. for choosing8. _late in the afternoon, bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考年北京春季高考) a. to sleep b. sleeping c. sleep d. having sleep 9. with a lot of difficult pr

17、oblems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考年上海春季高考) settled b. settling c.to settle d. being settled10. she will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考上海春季高考)a.to have played b. to play c. to be

18、 played d. to be playing他的梦想是结婚他的梦想是结婚,得到一份工作得到一份工作. his dream is to get a job and get married.“生活中没有什么可怕的东西生活中没有什么可怕的东西, ,只有需要理解的东西只有需要理解的东西.”.”“nothing in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood.”in order to get a good job, i need a university diploma.in order not to let myself down, i must make every effort. 要有好工作要有好工作,我得有张大学文凭我得有张大学文凭.为了不使自己失望为了不使自己失望,我必须尽一切努力我必须尽一切努力.1.1.灰心意味着失败灰心意味着失败to lose heart means failure.2.2.分析明显存在的东西需要非凡的头脑分析明显存在的东西需要非凡的头脑it takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.3.3.医生预测我只有两年可以活了医生预测我只有两年可以活了the doctor predicted that i h