高一何厚男教案5被动语态

1、一对一授课教案学员姓名：_何厚男_年级：_高一_所授科目：_英语_上课时间：_2012_ 年_10月_4日_ 3_时_ _30_分至_5时_ 30_分共 _2_小时老师签名学生签名教学主题被动语态上次作业检查本次上课表现本次作业被动语态一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。如：he opened the door. 他打开了这

2、扇门。（主动语态）the door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1、被动语态常用的时态 （以do为例） 时态 主动形式 被动形式1. 一般现在时do/does am/is/are + done（be随人称变化）2.一般过去时：did was/were done3.一般将来时：will do will be done4.过去将来时：would do would be done5.现在进行时：am/is/are doing am

3、/is/are being done6.过去进行时：was/were doing was/were being done7.现在完成时：have/has done have/has been done8.过去完成时：had done had been done9.有情态动词：情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done10.含有不定式结构：to do to be done 2、被动语态的句式变化： 以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词； 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部

4、分不变。如：tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）三、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 如：the bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。如：the room hasnt been cleane

5、d yet.房间还没有打扫。the tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。 如：the window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。4、表示客观的说明常用“it is + 过去分词”句型。 如：it is said that lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。其它常见的“it is + 过去分词+ that”句型还有：a、it is reported that据报道 b、it is said that据说 c、it is believed that大家相信 d、it is su

6、ggested that有人建议 e.据推测itissupposedthat f.希望itishopedthat 众所周知 g. itiswellknownthat h.普遍认为itisgenerallyconsideredthat四、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。(2)将动词改为“be+过去分词”。 注意： they held a meeting yesterday. a meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。(3)将主动语态

7、的主语改为by放在谓语动词后。注意： 如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 如：he sang a song. a song was sung by him.2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：（1）把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 如：wehaveboughtanewcomputer.anewcomputerhasbeenbought. (2)主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”的单词，变为被动句时，通常删去“by”，但原主语被强调 时除外。年。th

8、e job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。(3)含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。如：jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 we were told the truth by jack. the truth was told (to) us by jack. 注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, sho

9、w, take, tell等。 eg. themagazinewaspassedontome. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build, buy, cook, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。eg. anewskirtwasmadeforme.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不

10、存在省略to的问题。eg.theroadwasmadetofallontoanotheronebelowbytheearthquake. 有些既不用to也不用for,根据动词与介词的搭配关系。he asks me a question.a question was asked of me. 3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有： 如:agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about等。 如：

11、itneedntbetalkedabout. 以及bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等。 如：hisrequestwasturneddown. 4.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： thequestioncannotbeanswer

12、edbyanybody. 5.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如： nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean. 6.以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首： bywhomwasthestorywritten? 7.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,r

13、ead,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如： 对比： thebooksweresoldout.(被动句) themeatdidntcookwell.(主动句) 8.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句： 第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：see, notice, watch, smell, hear, feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。感官动词就有表被动含义 第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。 第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,brea

14、kout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。 第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。 1. it is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.a. designed b. has been designed c. will be designed d. will have been designed2. we are late. i expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema.a. wil

15、l already have started b. would already have startedc. shall have already started d. has already been started3. she will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. a. is taken b. takes c. will be taken d. has taken4. diamond _in brazil in 1971.a. is found b. has been foundc. was found d. had been found5

16、. “have you moved to the new flat?”“not yet. the room _.”a. has been painted b. is paintedc. paints d. is being painted6. my pictures _until next friday.a. wont develop b. arent developedc. dont develop d. won t be developed7. tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago.a. had been unemployed b. was

17、unemployedc. has been unemployed d. has unemployed8. a great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.a. has been establish b. have been established c. have established d. had been established9. ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.a. would be fined

18、 b. will be fined c. will being fined d. will have been fined10. “_two tickets for the new play at the grand theatre on saturday. shall we go and see it together?”a. they have been given b. i have been given c. i am given d. they have given to me11. the subject of these lectures _by the lecture comm

19、ittee.a. is announced b. have been announcedc. are announced d. has been announced12. i found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of davids room.a. was b. had c. had been d. is13.the goods _when we arrived at the airport.a. were just unloading b. were just been unloading c. had just unloaded d.

20、were just being unloaded14. if one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.a. overcomes b. is overcomec. has been overcome d. overcome15. most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past.a. was not b. were notc. were not being d

21、. had not been16. you ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour.a. i smell b. it is smeltc. it smells d. it is smelling17. after the race_, the celebration began.a. had been won b. is wonc. will be won d. has been won18. he was here for a little while, but i dont knows where she _now

22、.a. is c. had been d. has been18. the young teacher has _ competent.a. been proved to be b. proved to bec. been proved d. proved being19. pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _ photographically in march 1930.a. discovered b. was discoveredc. by discovery d. when discovered20. to get a be

23、tter view of the stage, _.a. our seats had to be changed b. our seats were changedc. we had to change our seats d. our seats were changed by us 22. after synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material.a. created b. has createdc. has been created d. had been created23. i think much attention _

24、your pronunciation.a. must be paid to b. ought to be paid to c. must pay to d. should be paid to24. since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _vitamin c, which they believe can remedy the common cold.a. have taken b. have been takenc. have been taking d. have been taking25. i dont remember _the chance to

25、try this method.a. having been given b. to have been givenc. having given d. to have given26. we could ask someone to do the work privately without it_.a. know b. be knownc. being known d. to be known27. the construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month.a. must be completed b. must have b

26、een completedc. will be completing d. will have been completing28. they would tell how the african _on a ship to an american port. a. was brought b. could have been broughtc. had been brought d. was to be brought 29. he does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to peter.a. is belonged to b. belo

27、ngedc. belongs d. is belonging 30. negotiation _again with moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.a. is to be opened b. is on the point of openingc. is going to open d. opens 作业：for several years, americans have enjoyed teleshopping-watching tv and buying things by phone. now teleshop

28、ping is starting in europe. in some _1_ countries, people can turn on their _2_ and shop for clothes, jewelry, food, toys and _3_ things.teleshopping is becoming popular in sweden. _4_, the biggest swedish company sells different kinds of things on tv in fifteen european countries, and in one year,

29、it makes $10 million. in france, there are two teleshopping channels, and the french _5_ about $ 20 million a year in buying things through those channels.in germany, _6_ last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for one hour every day. then the government allowed more teleshopping. ot

30、her channels can _7_ for telebusiness, including the largest american teleshopping company and a 24-hour teleshopping company. german _8_ are hoping these will help them sell more things.some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without _9_. with all the traffic probl

31、ems in cities, going shopping is not an easy thing. but at the same time, other europeans _10_ like this new way of buying things. they call _11_ “junk on the air.” many europeans usually worry about the quality of the things _12_ on tv. they think high quality is the most important thing, and they

32、dont believe they can be sure about the quality of the things _13_.the need of high quality means that european teleshopping companies will have to be _14_ the american companies. they will have to be more careful about _15_ of the things they sell. they will also have to work harder to sell things

33、that the buyers cannot touch or see by themselves.1. a. europeanb. asianc. americand. african2. a. lights b. switchesc. radiosd. tvs3. a. some else b. another manyc. the otherd. many other4. a. such asb. for examplec. for teleshoppingd. it is like5. a. takesb. costc. spendsd. spend6. a. to b. untilc

34、. unlessd. by7. a. beginb. leavec. opend. turn on8. a. peopleb. womenc. businessmend. officials9. a. to go outb. going outc. to buy thingsd. buying things10. a. stillb. dontc. evend. wont11. a. teleshoppingb. tvc. radiod. telephone12. a. appearingb. coming outc. for saled. to buy13. a. in the shopb.

35、 on tvc. they boughtd. by this way14. a. the same withb. different fromc. as big asd. larger than15. a. the numberb. the qualityc. the placesd. the buyerseverywhere man is altering the balance of naturehe is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, some

36、times unconsciouslyhe is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag-heaps and other products of his civilizationhe exterminates some species on a large scale, but favours the multiplication of othersin brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the bio

37、logical aspect of the planet than has nature in five millionmany of these changes which he has brought about have had unforeseen consequenceswho would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of britain to be blocked for a decade, or t

38、hat the provision of pot cacti for lonely settlers wives would have led to eastern australian being overrun with forests of prickly pear? who would have prophesied that the cutting down of forests on the adriatic coasts, or in parts of central africa, could have reduced the land to a semi desert, wi

39、th the very soil washed away from the bare rock? who would have thought that improved communications would have changed history by the spreading of disease-sleeping sickness into east africa, measles into oceania, very possibly malaria into ancient greece?these are spectacular examples; but examples on a smaller scale are everywhere to be foundwe make a nature sanctuary for rare birds, prescribing absolute security for all species; and we may find that some common and hardy kind of bird multiplies beyond measure and ousts the rare kinds in which we were pa