高中英语被动语态的用法

1、被动语态的基本用法一. 何时使用被动语态1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要如：Paper is made from wood.Thehouse is quite old. It was built in 1950.He was wounded in the fight.2. 需要强调动作的承受者时如：Calwlator cant beused in the maths exam.Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt betaken away.He was awarded first prize in that contest.3 为

2、了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.Electricity is used to run machines.二. 被动语态的构成1. be+done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done 可以带 by 短语，而系表结构中 done 相当于 adj. 不带 by 短语。如：The question is settled. (系表结构)Such questio

3、ns are settled by us. (被动语态)Thecomposition is well written. (系表结构)Thecomposition is written with great care . (被动语态)Thejob was well done. (系表结构)Thejob was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态)2. 许多 verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做 adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有 by，通常是被动语态。如：I was worried

4、abeutyou all night. (表状态)I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作)Theglass was broken by Jack. (表动作)Theglass is broken. (表状态)I was frightened by his ghost story.She was frightened at the sight of a snake.三. 不同形式的被动语态1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。如：He showed mehis pic

5、tures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to meby him.Aunt mademe a new dress.I was madea new dress by aunt.A new dress was madefor meby aunt.He sent me abirthday present.I was sent abirthday present by him.A birthday present was sent to meby him.2 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。（1） 将宾语变为主语，宾补不

6、变。如：They call her XiaoLi.Sheis called XiaoLi.He left thedoor open.The door war left open by him.（2） make, let, have,hear, watch, see, feel, notice. help 既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加 to，变为被动，必须加 to .如：My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.I was often made to do this and that by my brother wh

7、en I young.I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.She was heard to moveabout in her room uptairs last night.Did you seeJack take away themagazine?Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?3. 情态动词的被动语态。是由情态 V+be+p.p.构成如：They can not find him.He can not be found.You must pay mefor this.I

8、 must be paid for this.He can repair your watch.Your watch can berepaired.4. 短语 V 的被动语态一般来讲，只有及物 V 才有被动语态，因为只有 vt 才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语 V 是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的 prep 或 adv.这样的短语有：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look for

9、ward to, makeues of,etc.如：They had put out thefire before the fire-brigade arrived.Thefire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.They will set up a new public schoolhere.A new public schoolwill be set up here.5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。.如：The goods sells well.Thedoor cant open.6.有些词如 want,need,req

10、uire 和 beworth 后面，v-ing 形式为主动，意义为被动。如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.Thebook is worth reading.7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词 it.如：We know that Britain is an island country.Its known that Britain is an island country.Theteacher said that this book has been translated into several languagesIts sai

11、d that this book has been franslated into several languages8. 宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词 it 时，不用被动，只用主动。如：I will do it myself.Theman introduced himself as Mr. Wang.9. 谓语动词是以下时，无被动。happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall, last（延长）,cost（花费）break out（爆发）appear, burst out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agree with（同意）.10. 据说类动词：say,consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc.如：It is said thatThere is said to beSth./Sb. is said to11.主动形式表被动 感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem 等主语是物时；一 些vi主 动 形 式表被动含义open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock,