高中英语虚拟语气精讲

1、高中英语虚拟语气讲解1、 热点考点回顾（一）1.语气概述语气是动词的又一种形式，通过说话人所说的话体现出说话人对某一个动作或状态所持的态度和看法。英语中有三种语气： .陈述语气用来陈述事实，广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。现行中学英语教材中，绝大部分句子均属陈述句语气，句中谓语动词有各种时态和语态变化。 .祈使语气用来提出请求、要求、发出命令等，只用于祈使句。 .虚拟语气用于表达一种假设情况、主观愿望、请求建议等，即所说内容与事实相反，或者实现的可能性极小，或者是假想虑拟的情况。（练习）判断下列各句属于哪种语气。 On the way up, I am busy taking pictures. N

2、ike, fetch me some newspapers. What if I were you? Dont forget to turn off the light. He always takes his wife seriously. I wish I would fly to the moon. 2.条件句中条件句指主从复合句中的条件状语从句，分为真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句表示所叙述的内容是事实，或者完全可能成为现实，句子中的谓语动词用陈述语气；非真实条件句表示所叙述的内容与事实相反或实现的可能性极小，句子中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。 （练习）判断下列各句属于哪种条件句。

3、If he doesnt hurry, he miss the bus. If I were you, I would accept his offer. If I have time, I will come. If you hadnt come to his school, I wouldnt have known you.真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。时态关系句型： 条件从句 主句一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball

4、match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained注意：1) 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2) 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。(二）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的几种情况a.同现在

5、事实相反的假设条件从句用过去时态，如果是be动词时一律用were 主句用should( would) +动词原形If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。注意：当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，只能用were。如：If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。b.

6、表示于过去事实相反的假设 条件从句用过去完成时（had done），主句用should(would) have+ doneIf I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。c.表示对将来事实相反的假想 条件从句用一般过去时，should+ 动词原形或were to do 主句用would/should+ 动词原形If he should go to

7、Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be用were)should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形现在动词过去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could + 动词

8、原形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词典型例题 What would have happened if you _ her child?A. hadnt helped B. couldnt help C. wouldnt help D. didnt helpd.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.(从句与过去事实相反，

9、主句与现在事实相反。)If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。典型例题 How I wish I had studied harder when I was in school! If you had, you _

10、 work into late every day nowadays. A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. wont If I _ with her last summer, I _ with her now.A. workedam getting on very well B. had workedwould get on very wellC. had workedwould have got on very well D. had workedwill get on very welle.If条件从句的省略 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should,

11、 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不

12、用was.If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I_ your address，I would have written to you.A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I kno

13、wn D. If I should know（三）在宾语从句中的虚拟语气1英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，起虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。The Party asked

14、 that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:(错)You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(

15、错)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.(对)I insisted that you were wrong.典型例题 He suggested that the meeting _ put off.A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词。Can you believe that he should kill a tiger?

16、 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？3. 英语中，wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前(1)had + 过去分词；(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时(be 用were )发生在主句动作之后would / could

17、/ might / should + 原形动词I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。典型例题 I wish I _ my uncle yesterday.A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met4. 英语中，would rather, had rather, would

18、sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。起虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去had + 过去分词； 现在过去时(be 用were ) 将来过去时(be 用were ) Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。（四）、主语从句中的虚拟语气在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，

19、其虚拟语其的结构为： should + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。句型： (1)It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural thatadv

20、isable合理的decided决定的crucial关键的appropriate恰当的determined决定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential紧要的，基本的complied遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的desirable合意的better较好的，更好insistent坚持的desired想要asked请求keen渴望的incredible难以置信的adamant坚定不移的natural自然的insisted坚持necessary必要的suggested建议urgent紧迫的ordered命令shocked震惊的vit

21、al极其重要的possible可能的strange奇怪的preferable好一点proposed提议requested要求的required要求的recommended推荐resolved决定的probable可能的pity可惜，憾事shame遗憾(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder. that(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that (4) It worries me that It is important that we should do well in our l

22、essons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。典型例题 It is strange that he _ so.A. thinks B. think C. thought D. will think（五）表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气英语中，表示

23、请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。如：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。H

24、e told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法：他想上大学。His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。（六）方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气同wish的用法一样They began

25、 to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。（七）定语从句中的虚拟语气英语中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daug

26、hter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。典型例题 Its high time he _ home.A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go（八）If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!（九）由连接词in case,so that,unless,b

27、ut for, lest, for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might,would)+动词原形She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.她在那个婴儿的身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。（十）简单句中的虚拟语气1. 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起

28、来你介意吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。God bless us.

29、上帝保佑。（十一） 情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以 might have done 本来可能 should / ought to have done 本来应该做 shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做 neednt have done 本不必做 would have done 本来会去做You shouldnt have told her the truth .I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.I didnt have enough money

30、, otherwise I would have bought that book.虚拟语气练习题1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me driv

31、e. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA.

32、 refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he

33、should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today -I had rather she _ me tomorrow than today A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible -Yes, but I _busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, oth

34、erwise I _ the sports meet A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he

35、 _ me from going A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the exam A. If he were to work B. Had he workedC. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _today, he would get there by Friday A. Were he to leave

36、 B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right now A. are B. wereC. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come17. He _busy yesterd

37、ay, or he _you with your experiment. A. was, had helped B. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterday A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could

38、 climb 19. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult today A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news -I would as soon you _her about it A. didnt tell B. dont tell C. hadnt tellD. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _home A. s

39、tayed B. could stay C. has stayedD. stay22. It was requested that the play _again A. should put on B. would put on C. be put onD. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ immediately A. had sent for B. send C. be sent forD. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness -Yes, but _it A. Id rather

40、 not do B. Id rather not have doneC. I should t doD. Id better not do25. If only I _my car A. hadnt lostB. wouldnt loseC. didnt loseD. havent lost26. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earth A. isB. wouldC. were D. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _anything about it for the time being A. d

41、o B. didnt doC. dont D. didnt28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own son A. isB. were C. had been D. should be29. How the old people wish that they _young once more A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to disc

42、uss this problem A. hold B. held C. have heldD. had held31. The thief closed his eyes _ he _dying A. even if , was B. though, would beC. even, had beenD. as if, were32. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert A. had not B. did not have hadC. ha

43、dnt hadD. hadnt have33. The chairman insisted that we _the question again A. will discuss B. to discussC. should discuss D. will be discussed34. He requested that the students _them get in crops A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rules A. ob

44、eysB. Obey C. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I _here then A. wasB. had been C. were D. would be37. It is strange that he _back so early A. came B. will come C. had comeD. should have come38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TV A. did B. doC. shall doD. have done39. My sug

45、gestion is that the meeting _off till nest Sunday A. be put B. putC. should putD. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there A. had been B. has been C. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven A. must finish B. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must

46、be finished42. -Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to -Dont call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it! A. do B. didnt C. didD. dont43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morning A. would, have washed B. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washing

47、 D. could have, had washing44. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try45. -How could I thank you enough? -Dont mention it. Any other man _it A. must do B. could do C. would have doneD. should have done46. Key European government

48、s insist Iraqs co-operation _ good and military action_ to allow inspections to continue A. be, be delayedB. is, delayC. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, _more deaths A. it would have beenB. it would beC. there would beD. there would have been48. What the customers_ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes. A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _ the society will be in disorder A. made unpunished B. ca