语法2--主语从句

1、主语从句英语句子基本结构一、主谓宾结构e.g. We love our motherland.e.g. We love our motherland. 主语 谓语 宾语-主要指动作的对象或动作的承受者。二、主系表结构u谓语：bebe动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);(am,is,are,was,were,have been); 特殊动词如：become, turn, become, turn, feel,touch, hear, seeeel,touch, hear, see等。其特点是与其后的表语没有动宾关系.u表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词

2、、名词、代词、不定式、分词。eg: Tom is a boy.eg: Tom is a boy. His face turned red His face turned red I feel good. I feel good. He became a teacher at last. He became a teacher at last.三、There be There be 结构：There be There be 表示存在有。这里的therethere没有实际意义，不可与副词therethere那里混淆，表示(存在)有某事物e.g. e.g. There is a boy.There

3、is a boy.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。e.g. The boy who is reading needs a pen.e.g. The boy who is reading needs a pen. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. mother. His is the man that I saw yesterday. His is the man that

4、 I saw yesterday.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。e.g. Everybody is working hard. He speaks English very well. In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后对前者加以说明的成分。e.g. We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生) We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们) 从句从

5、句指一个有主语有谓语和句子相似的结构。这种结构不是独立的句子，而是构成句子的一个成分，由thathat、whowho、whomwhom，whenwhen，whywhy，wherewhere。howhow，whichwhich等引导词引导的非主句部分。名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。GrammarGrammar请找出下列句子的主语部分A tree has fallen across the r

6、oad.A tree has fallen across the road.You are a student.You are a student.To find your way can be a problem.To find your way can be a problem.Smoking is bad for you.Smoking is bad for you.“How do you do?” is a greeting.How do you do?” is a greeting.What she said is not yet known.What she said is not

7、 yet known.That we shall be late is certain.That we shall be late is certain.Whether he will go there is noWhether he will go there is not t known . known . How we can help the twinsHow we can help the twins will be discussed.will be discussed.主语从句，即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。例如 That he finished writing the com

8、position in That he finished writing the composition insuch a short time surprised us allsuch a short time surprised us all，（他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶），此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶，某事就是该复合句的主语，因此 That heThat hefinished writing the composition in such a shortfinished writing the composition in such a shorttimetime便是该

9、复合句的主语从句。引导主语从句的连词主要有：从属代词：that, whetherthat, whether连接代词：who, whoever, whom, whose, what,who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever whatever, which, whichever连接副词：when, where, how, whywhen, where, how, why从属连词：thatthat， whether whether 引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略.

10、whetherwhether意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。e.g. e.g. That price will go up is certain.That price will go up is certain. That he will come is certain. That he will come is certain. Whether we go by train or by boatWhether we go by train or by boatmakes no difference.makes no difference. Whetherhellcomehereisntcle

11、ar.Whetherhellcomehereisntclear. 这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is +It is + n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that.It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is a surprise thatIt is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact thatIt is a fact that 是事实 It is common knowledge thatIt is common knowledge that 是常识*_(很遗憾)we lost the match.w

12、e lost the match.*_(这是事实)he cheated in the he cheated in the exam.exam.It is a pity thatIt is a pity thatIt is a fact that2) It is + adj. +2) It is + adj. +从句 Its certain thatIts certain that 肯定 It is possible that. It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. It is unlikely that. 不可能 It is obvious

13、 that It is obvious that 很明显 It is necessary important natural. that It is necessary important natural. that_ (很可能)she will come back she will come back tomorrow.tomorrow._ (很明显)this measure is this measure is effective.effective.It is possible thatIt is obvious that连接代词 who ( whoever)who ( whoever)

14、 , what what (whatever(whatever ), which (whichever), whom, whose .which (whichever), whom, whose .e.g. e.g. Which side will winWhich side will win is not clear. is not clear. Who will write the poemWho will write the poem has not been has not beendecideddecided yet.yet. Whatever he did Whatever he

15、did is right.is right. Who killed the scientist Who killed the scientist remains a question.remains a question. Whom she borrowed money fromWhom she borrowed money from still puzzled still puzzledhim.him.连接副词whenwhen，wherewhere， howhow，whywhy等。e.g. e.g. HowthishappenedHowthishappenedisnotcleartoanyo

16、ne.isnotcleartoanyone. When he will be backWhen he will be back depends on the depends on the weather.weather. Where she is from Where she is from is unknown.is unknown. Why they suddenly disappearedWhy they suddenly disappeared still remains astill remains a mystery. mystery.1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省

17、略这些连接词。误：They should like each other is natural.They should like each other is natural.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if if引导，但是如果用it it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if if引导.误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.注注 意意正： That they should like each other is That they shou

18、ld like each other is natural.natural. It is natural that they should like each It is natural that they should like each other.other.正：Whether Mary really heard him is really Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful. doubtful. It was doubtful if Mary really heard him. It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.3）“ “whatwhat”引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 常与其后的名词作表语一致 ，且根据句子的语境而定。 egeg：What you left What you left areare only several old books. only several old books. What you said What you said isis of great importance. of great importanc