语法3李达,虚拟语气

1、虚拟语气核心：表格表格李达if引导的虚拟-基本表格时间时间if if从句谓语的形式从句谓语的形式主句谓语的形式主句谓语的形式现在现在did/were不管是什么人称be都变成都变成werewere shouldwouldcouldmight+do只有这四个只有这四个情态动词主句从句都与现在事实相反：假如我有时间，我会小睡一会儿。如果我是你，我会为自己感到自豪。if引导的虚拟-基本表格时间时间if if从句谓语的形式从句谓语的形式主句谓语的形式主句谓语的形式过去过去had+doneshouldwouldcouldmight+have done只有这四个只有这四个情态动词主句从句都与现在事实相反：如

2、果昨天夜里我没有出去玩耍，我就能完成作业。if引导的虚拟-基本表格时间时间if if从句谓语的形式从句谓语的形式主句谓语的形式主句谓语的形式将来将来were to+doshould+doshouldwouldcouldmight+do只有这四个只有这四个情态动词主句从句都与现在事实相反：如果他去学文学，他有可能会成为一个有名气的作家。如果我明天出发的话，我应该在周日就能到达。if引导的虚拟-基本表格由于“混合虚拟混合虚拟”，表格可以不左右一一对应不左右一一对应的来用if引导的虚拟-混合虚拟如果我是你，我昨天就会买下那件衬衫。如果我去过努力学习，我现在就会坐在你坐的那个位置上。if引导的虚拟-省

3、略if的倒装型当if从句中还有助动词shouldshould, hadhad, werewere时，可以把if if去掉去掉，把助动词放在句首助动词放在句首，剩下的不变。if引导的虚拟-省略if的倒装型当if从句中还有助动词shouldshould, hadhad, werewere时，可以把if if去掉去掉，把助动词放在句首助动词放在句首，剩下的不变。If sb. had (not) , =Had sb. (not), .If sb. should (not), .=Should sb. (not), If sb. were (not)., .=Were sb. (not), .If sb

4、. were (not) to,=Were sb. (not) to, if引导的虚拟-省略if的倒装型If I had not hung out last night, I would not have got a hangover.If he were to study literature, he could become a great poet.If I should set out tomorrow, I could get there on Sunday.有真有假型虚拟语气句虚拟语气句和表达实际情况的句子表达实际情况的句子混合解题技巧：通过语境判断通过语境判断，看表达的到底是真实

5、的，还是虚拟的。有真有假型Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _. (2010 安徽) A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy解题步骤Step 1Step 1 找时间找时间：看主句和从句是否有单独的时间状语是否有单独的时间状语Step 2Step 2有单独有单独-主从时态不一致不一致-对号入座对号入座：通过时间状语时间状语/语境判断语境判断（注意“有真有假”型）无单独无单独-主从时态一致一致：通过谓语形式谓语形式判断Step 3Step 3 注意倒装注意倒装形式，做出选择解

6、题步骤-练习If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. （2010陕西）A. Take B. had taken C. took D. have takenThis printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (2009天津) A. would B. should C. could D. mightIt is hard fo

7、r me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of 7, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海) A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fall C. should fall D. were to fall解题步骤-练习-The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be m

8、uch better now! And my vegetables _. (2010 北京) A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have diedWhat would have happened _, as far as the river bank? (2001 上海) A. Bod had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther解题步骤-练习Had I known about

9、 this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.A. would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be savedD. was saved特殊句型之should do类1. that+sb.+(should) do/ (should) be done 4 4 2 1特殊句型之should do类1. that+sb.+(should) do/ (should) be done 4 4 2 1His accent suggested he _ (come) from abroad

10、.解题技巧Step 1 Step 1 圈出标志词标志词4 4 2 1的词Step 2 Step 2 选出动词原形动词原形should do/do should be done/be done解题技巧-练习Teacher recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycle to school for safety. (2010 福建)A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow-Dont you think it necessary that he _

11、 to Miami but to New York?-I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. (2005 江苏) A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what特殊句型之wish类-看句意1.wish/wished2.as if/ though3.if only4. would rather=d rathersb.+过去式 与 现在相反sb.+would/ could+do 与将来相反 sb.

12、+had done 与过去相反sb.+would/ could+have done 与过去相反+sb.+过去式 与现在/将来相反sb.+had done 与过去相反sb.+would/could+have done 与过去相反+特殊句型之wish类-看句意1.wish/wished2.as if/ though3.if only4. would rather=d rather当would rather后面不接句子时，一定要用would rather do/not dosb.+过去式 与 现在相反sb.+would/ could+do 与将来相反 sb.+had done 与过去相反sb.+wo

13、uld/ could+have done 与过去相反+sb.+过去式 与现在/将来相反sb.+had done 与过去相反sb.+would/could+have done 与过去相反+解题技巧-练习我希望我在大学里学的是设计而不是英语。要是我是你就好了。我希望我在将来那一天中能在天空中翱翔。要是我能早点收到你的来信就好了。我宁愿你下周来。他对待我如同陌生人一样。解题技巧-练习George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on his culture. (2010 江苏) A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused特殊句型之其他：看句意1.without(=but for), Without your help, we could not have succeeded.没有空气的话，人就不能生存。特殊句型之其他：看句意2.It is/was time high time about time我们早该结