普陀新王牌高中动词不定式Word版

1、高一英语语法知识（9）动词不定式(The Infinitive)一动词不定式的形式1构成: 由to动词原形构成。2.动词不定式的时态、语态其形式如下：语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主 动(not)to build(not)to have built(not)to be building(not)to have been building 被 动(not)to be build(not)to have been build(1)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。Its a great honour to be invited to Ma

2、rys birthday party.（不定式作主语） It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语） I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语） He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语） 在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。There are still many things to

3、 take care of (to be taken care of). (2)时态1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同

4、时发生。He seems to be eating something.4) 完成进行时： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 3.疑问词不定式结构疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 When to leave for London has not been decided yet. Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there.2

5、 / 17 I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. The question was where to get the medicine needed. 以上例句中疑问词不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：When we shall leave how I could learn 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, learn, observe, understand, wonder等。 二动词不定式的语法

6、功能1、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： 1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time + to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词for sbto do It is diffi

7、cult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容词of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型。2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It

8、 is to的句型。 (对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 (错)It is to believe to see.2.作宾语1) 动词+ 不定式下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：决心学会想希望;拒绝设法愿假装;主动答应选计划;同意请求帮一帮。decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask / beg, help 此外，afford, strive ,fai

9、l, happen, arrange等也要用不定式作宾语。 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式常用于此结构的动词有：ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need, prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish等。I like to keep everything tidy. I l

10、ike you to keep everything tidy. I want to speak to Tom. I want you to speak to Tom. 3）动词+疑问词+ to do常用于此结构的动词有：decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等。Please show us how to do that. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sal

11、e that I cant make up my mind which to buy.注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.4)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语动词it补语to do句式。We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 3.作宾语补足语 1) 动词+宾语+不

12、定式(to do)常可以用不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, believe, command, consider, drive, enable, find, encourage, forbid, force, hire, inform, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, report, require, tell, think, train, trust, warn 等。Father will not allow us to play on the street. We believe him to be guilty.2)动词

13、+宾语+ to be+名词/形容词作宾补结构常用于此结构的动词有：believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, feel, find, guess, imagine, know, prove, show, propose, understand等。We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.3)主语+ be + 过去分词+ 不定式常用于此结构的动词有： be said, be supposed, be reported, be believed, be thought

14、, be known等。The book is believed to be uninteresting.4)动词+there +to be结构作宾补结构常用于此结构的动词有：believe, expect, prefer, want, wish, understand等。We didnt expect there to be so many people there. 5).有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think, believe, take, consider。We regard Tom as our best teacher. Mary took him as her

15、 father .4.作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，二是结果（例）。当主语是：aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, sug

16、gestion等为中心词的名词词组（例）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例），不定式说明主语的内容。 Our work is serving the people. What he likes is taking a walk after supper. 句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving the people is our work.5.作状语1）目的状语to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to He ran fast so as to/ in order to catch the first bus.I come here on

17、ly to say good-bye to you.2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。He searched the room only to find nothing.3）表原因 Im glad to see you.6.作定语不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。The next train to arrive is from Washington. Have you anything to be taken to your sister? Do you have anything to say on the question? Would you please

18、 give me some paper to write on? 三.动词不定式的特殊用法 1.省to 的动词不定式1）下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（feel）。如：I saw him dance. = He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made

19、 to work the whole night.2）表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather，had better，might(just) as well：rather than置于句首时。Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bike.3）Why do / why not do：4）help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：5）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：He is su

20、pposed (to be) nice.他应该是个好人。6）but, except, besides作介词，后接不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时，but后的不定式要省去to，否则要带to。He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.7）当两个或多个不定式短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。He wants to move to France and marry the gir

21、l.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.2.不定式的特殊句型 1). so as to 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 2)so/suchas to do 表示结果 “太以至于 3）so kind as to -劳驾Would you b

22、e so kind as to tell me the time? 4).Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议为什么不? 干吗不? Why not take a holiday?3.Its for sb. to do和 Its of sb. to do 1)for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：easy, difficult,hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better等：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 2

23、）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right，stupid，rude，clever， thoughtful，brave, considerate(考虑周到的)。 Its very nice of you to help me.4、不定式的特殊句型tooto 1）tooto太以至于不He is too excited to speak. - Can I help you ?-Well, Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry i

24、t, but thank you all the same.2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。Its never too late to mend.(谚语) 改过不嫌晚。3)当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：“非常”等于veryIm only too pleased to be able to help you. He was but too eager to get home. 四 巩固.练习：1.选择填空：1). The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the s

25、treet, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 2). Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to driveB. to never drive C. never drivingD. never drive 3). The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to e

26、at D. not eating 4). They would not allow him _ across the enemy line. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going 5). They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 6). Though he had often made his little sister _, tod

27、ay he was made _by his little sister. A. cry；to cryB. crying；crying C. cry；cryD. to cry；cry 7). Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 8). Therere so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind _to buy. A. what B. which C

28、. how D. where 9). There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _. A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 10). Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 11).

29、She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not seeD. having not seen 12). - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 13). Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to b

30、e taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 14). Frank is the kind of person who people like to _. A. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friends with 15). Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing 16). She reached t

31、he top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 17). Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 18). I need a day or two _. A. to think it over B. to think o

32、ver C. of thinking D.of think it 19). Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to inventB. inventing C. to have inventedD. having invented 20). Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride；ride B. riding；ride C. ride； to rideD. to ride； riding 21). I

33、ts freezing outside. You _ put on your overcoat. A. had better to B. had better C. would betterD. would better to 22). The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on 23). - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A

34、. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 24).She did nothing _ at the photo. A. except look B. but to look C. except to lookD. but looking 25).I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems. A. spend B. spare C. save D. share 26). John, you must get y

35、our room _ after breakfast. A. to be cleaned B. to clean C. cleaningD. cleaned 27). The problem _ at tomorrows meeting is a very difficult one. A. being discussedB. discussed C. to be discussedD. to discuss 28). He reached the station _ only _ that the train had just left. A. tired ; learned B. tiri

36、ng ; learning C. to tire; to learn D. tired ; to learn 29).This problem is said _ three times. A. to have been talked B. to have discussed C. having been discussed D. to have been talked about 30).I prefer _ rather than _. A. read；watchB. to read；watch C. reading；to watchD. to read；to watch2.翻译： 1). 坐飞机去那个南方城市大约要花1000元 (cost)2).为了提高英语水平，Jenny为自己买了许多磁带。（improve）3).没有必要对考试的结果过于担忧。（there be）4).我想要做的是开辟更多的户外运动场地。（open up）5).我们发现学会如何使用自动取款机是非常重要的。（find）6).他喜欢笑话别人，到头来却发现自己被人笑话。（only）7).保护环境是每个公民的职责。（It）8).这些游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。（tooto）9).为了保持健康，我们经常参加体育锻炼。（To）10).你今晚能来参加我们的生日聚会