模块6语法课件

1、 M6 Unit 1 Laughter is good for your health Grammar and usages 学习目标： Overview infinitive ,verb-ing and verb-ed 学习重难点： How to use infinitive ,verb-ing and verbedRead the following passage and find out the verb-ing or verb-ed forms in the sentences. The job of a scientist is to find out the truth in t

2、he field of science. It is a challenging profession. Scientists usually have to do thousands of experiments in order to prove something. Although they are often disappointed if they fail, most of them never give up. My next door neighbor is a scientist. He studies radiation. He is always working分层次问

3、题学习分层次问题学习Ain his lab, trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him puzzled. When I met him the other day, he had just come back from work, and looked happy. He told me he had had a breakthrough. He sounded so thrilled. Then I noticed that he was wearing shoes that did not match. He must hav

4、e been working too hard to notice! I think its good to do a job that you show interest in. Otherwise, you will get bored easily. The dog _ (sleep) comfortably is taken good care of by the hen. I think the picture _.(interest)interestingsleepingWhen you come to the seaside of the Lianyungang, you wil

5、l find yourself _by the beautiful and splendid scenery of the sea. (attract)attracted 过去分词只有一种形式过去分词只有一种形式(v+ed) 现在分词现在分词（否定式（否定式not +分词）：分词）：分层次问题学习分层次问题学习B三、现在分词与过去分词三、现在分词与过去分词 的用法区别的用法区别1、作定语时、作定语时:position单个的分词作定语时一般位于被修饰的词单个的分词作定语时一般位于被修饰的词之之前前，分词短语作定语时，分词短语作定语时位于被修饰的词之位于被修饰的词之后后Do you know th

6、e （哭着的）（哭着的）boy?Do you know the boy（在树下哭的）（在树下哭的） ?We are trying our best to catch up with the （发达的）（发达的）country.The students are discussing a book (由鲁迅写的由鲁迅写的).cryingcrying under the tree developedwritten by Lu Xun作定语时作定语时:relationship1. The meeting is very important.2.Tell the children not to make

7、 so much noise.被动关系被动关系主动关系主动关系现在分词和过去分词作定语的比较现在分词和过去分词作定语的比较飘雪飘雪_ 落叶落叶_令人惊讶的消息令人惊讶的消息感到吃惊的表情感到吃惊的表情-总结总结: v-ing现在分词作定语现在分词作定语: _ _ v-ed过去分词作定语过去分词作定语: _ _ falling snowfallen leavesthe surprising news表示表示“主动，或正在进行主动，或正在进行/令人感觉怎么样令人感觉怎么样”表示表示“被动，或已完成被动，或已完成/人自身感觉怎么样人自身感觉怎么样”the surprised lookPractice

8、 makes perfect!1. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.（10 全国全国） A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing2.(2011 江苏）江苏）Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. Acompared Bcomparing Cco

9、mpares Dbeing compared3. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. （09上海）上海） A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected2、作表语时（跟在系动词后）、作表语时（跟在系动词后）现在现在分词多表示主语所具有的分词多表示主语所具有的特征特征或或属性属性；过去过去分分词多表示主语所处的词多表示主语所处的状态状态。现在分词表示。现在分词表示“令人令人的的”，过去分词表示，过去分词表

10、示“感到感到”.”.常见的分词有：常见的分词有：amazed / amazing; annoyed / annoying; interested / interesting; pleased / pleasing; surprised / surprising; satisfied / satisfying; amused / amusingLearn them by heart!Translation:1.有人认为如果一本书是有趣的，它一定会使读有人认为如果一本书是有趣的，它一定会使读者感兴趣的。者感兴趣的。2.2.先生们、女士们，请一直做到飞机已完全停下先生们、女士们，请一直做到飞机已完全

11、停下来止。来止。 It is believed that if a book is interesting, it will surely interest the reader.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.3、作宾语补足语时、作宾语补足语时:relationship取决于取决于分词分词与与宾语宾语的关系：的关系：主动主动关系，关系，被动被动关系，关系，例如例如1.I found them painting the windows. 2. I fou

12、nd the windows painted. 主动关系主动关系被动关系被动关系（现在分词表（现在分词表（过去分词表（过去分词表 ）用用doing用用done主动、进行主动、进行被动、完成被动、完成4、作状语时、作状语时:relationship_from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball. (see)_nobody at home , he left. (see)被动关系被动关系主动关系主动关系分词的选取分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系主动关系：用：用 doing 被动关系被动关系：用：用 don

13、eSeenSeeingAs the hare looks down upon the tortoise, he lies down and sleeps soundly.(look down upon)Rewrite the sentences using ing or-ed forms:_ the tortoise, the hare lies down and sleeps soundly. (look down upon)Looking down upon1. (10天津天津) When we approached the city centre, we saw a stone stat

14、ue of about 10 meters in height. Approaching the city, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.2. (04 北京北京) Because he was tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. Tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep.COME ON!Note 1:现在分词的现在分词的一般式一般式与与完成式完成式：一般式一般式：doing /being doing表示非谓语动作表示非谓语动作与谓

15、语动作几乎同时发生。与谓语动作几乎同时发生。完成式完成式：having done /having been done表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序 。 _ such heavy loss, the businessman didnt have the courage to go on .(suffer)例如例如： _the news, her fans became wild with excitement. (hear)Hearing Having sufferedRemember: Practice makes perfect! 1.(08全国卷全

16、国卷I) The storm left , _a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused2._ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks .(09 广东广东)A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed Note 2:分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状

17、语时，分词的分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语必须与句子的主语必须与句子的主语保保持一致持一致。.有些分词作状语时，其形式的选用不受上下文的影响，有些分词作状语时，其形式的选用不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：generally / frankly/ strictly speaking 一般而言一般而言/坦坦率地说率地说/ 严格地说严格地说judging from /by 根据根据来判断来判断considering / taking into consideration考虑到考虑到；鉴于鉴于supposing / providing /prov

18、ided that 如果如果compared with/to 与与相比相比 例如例如_his accent ,he is from the south ._ your health, you d better have a rest. Note 3:独立成分作状语独立成分作状语Judging from/byConsidering非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四大步骤四大步骤（一）分析句子结构（一）分析句子结构, ,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”（如果是非谓语，判断所充当的成分）（如果是非谓语，判断所充当的成分）1._many times , but he still couldnt und

19、erstand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was toldC_A注意连词注意连词3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.A.is B. to be C. beingD.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号 非

20、谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 一一般来说：般来说： 1. 1.作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语； 2.2.作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语； 3.3.作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。 Everythingthey1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consi