二轮复习第八课

1、二轮复习第八课十九、感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。what和how与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由what引导的感叹句：what意为多么用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语. 如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What goo

2、d children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 二、由how引导的感叹句：how意为多么，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语. 如： How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How

3、 nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！ 三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用what引导，也可用how引导。如： What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀！ What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！ What bad

4、 weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀！ What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀！ 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 如： What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！ How cool! 好凉快呀！ How wonderful! 精彩极了！具体结构：一、由 what 引导的感

5、叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an 形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如： What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！ What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2. 可用句型：“ What 形容词可数名词复数主语谓语！”。如： What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！3. 可用句型：“ What 形容词不可数名词主语谓语！”。如： What fine

6、weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！ What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：1. 可用句型：“ How 形容词 / 副词主语谓语！”。如： How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！ How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！2. 可用句型：“ How 形容词 a/an 可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如： How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3. 可用句型：“ How 主语谓语！”。如： How time flies! 光阴似箭

7、！由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：How beautiful a girl she is! What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are! How delicious these cakes are!感叹句巧解：感叹句要看后面，即看形容词后的词，1) 若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数，就用what a/an；是不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。2）若形容词后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Toms等，直接用how。 若没有形容

8、词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.练习一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday!2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the story is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is！6)._ tasty smell the cake gave off!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news youve brought us

9、!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are! 二、选择填空。1. _ fast the boy ran!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What, whatC. How, whatD. What, how3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4. _ fool

10、s they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an6. _ difficult questions they are! I cant answer them.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an7. I miss my friend very much. _ I want

11、to see her!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an8. _ lovely weather we are having these days!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an9. _ beautiful your new dress is!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an10. _ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：1

12、. The boy swam very fast.（同义句）_ _ the boy swam!2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句）_ _ the school trip is!3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. （同义句）_ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同义句）_ _ _ dictionary it is!_ _ _ dictionary is!5. The students a

13、re listening very carefully._ _ the students are listening!答案：一、What，What a, How, How，What an, What, What a, What, How, How二、BAACA CACAC三、1. How fast 2. How exciting 3. How beautiful 4. What a useful, How useful the 5. How carefully二十、祈使句：一.祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际

14、上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。二.祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1.行为动词原形其它成分。例如：Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。2. Be动词其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Be careful when

15、 crossing the street.过马路时要小心。3. Let宾语动词原形其它成分。例如：Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。三.祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont，构成Dont行为动词原形其它成分。例如：Dont say that again!别再那样说了！2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，构成Dont be其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Dont be careless.不要粗心。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。

16、3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Dont，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Lets开头的祈使句，必须在Lets后加not。例如：Dont let me go with her tomorrow. Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用No名词/V-ing

17、形式结构，表示禁止做某事。例如：NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！四.祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用wont you。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2.祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：Dont smoke in t

18、he meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lets用shall we外，其它均用will you。例如：Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走，好吗？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？五.祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反，即Yes是

19、不的意思；No是是的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。六.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：Leave it with me and I wi

20、ll see what I can do.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。Hurry up, or well be late.快点，否则我们要迟到了。七.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。八.祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如：Do shut up!快住口！九.特殊形式的祈使句在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一

21、个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：More water and the young trees couldnt have died. If you had given them more water, the young trees couldnt have died.如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。十.运用祈使句的误区祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，作出正确判断。例如：_

22、 your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checked B. CheckC. If you check D. To check析：如果空白处选填B(Check)项，则视为祈使句，但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接；如选A或D项(分词或不定式)，句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作，故均不符合句子结构。因此，只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意。练习：一、将以下祈使句改为否定式：1. Come here early. 2. Ask him

23、. 3. Please wait for her. 4. Read the book carefully. 5. Sit under the tree, please. 6. Lets go there together. 二、选择最佳答案填空：1. If you are tired, _ a rest.A. have B. havingC. to have D. had2. _ me go. It is very important for me.(是对动词的强调，记住在动词前加助动词）A. Do let B. let doC. Doing let D. To do let3. He is

24、not honest. _ believe him. A. Not B. DontC. To not D. Not to4. If you want to stay, let me know, _?A. will you B. shall weC. do you D. do we5. Never come late again, _? A. will you B. wontC. do you D. does he6. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train.A. Getting B. GetC. To get D. Got7. _ in

25、 the street. Its dangerous.A. Not play B. Not to playC. Dont play D. Dont to play8. Please _ me some money, will you?A. lend B. lendingC. to lend D. be lend9. The film is about to begin. Please _ seated. A. be B. areC. is D. being10. _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. KeepingC. To keep

26、D. Kept三、将下列汉语翻译成英语。 1. 请照看好您的包。 _. 2. 让我们去学校吧! _! 3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! _! 4. 不要把书放这儿。 _. 5. 不要让猫进来。 _. 答案：一、 Dont come here early. Dont ask him. Please dont wait for her .Dont read the book carefully. Dont sit under the tree,please.Lets not go there together. (注意lets否定是 lets not)二、15 AABAA 610 BCAAA三、 1. P

27、lease look after your bag. 2. Lets go to school. 3. Be glad, dear 4. Dont put the book here . 5. Dont let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in .二十一、强调句：强调句型是英语中常用句子结构，其基本结构为：It + be+ 被强调部分that句子其余部分。现将其用法归纳如下: 1. 强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语动词、表语、补语、让步状语、条件状语等。 例如 It was in the park th

28、at I met my old teacher yesterday. (强调地点状语) It is Mr. Smith that thinks Tom is a clever boy. （强调主语） 2强调句型中，连接词一般用that，如被强调的部分是人，也可用who/whom，其他一律用that，不能用which, where, when等，即使被强调的是物、时间状语或地点状语。 例如 It was at the gate that we met the people this morning. It is our head-teacher that/ who/whom we often t

29、urn to for help. 3强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be动词一律用单数is/was形式，如果原句的谓语动词是一般过去时，就用was; 是一般现在时，就用is。例如 It was the farmers that lived a hard life before liberation. 练习：1. Who was it _ put so many large stones on the road?A. this B. that C. he D. she2. What a silly mistake it is _ youve made!A. it B. this

30、 C. that D. which3. It was not until midnight _ the noise of the street stopped.A. that B. this C. since D. at which4. Was _ that I met at the railway station the other day?A. it you B. not you C. youD. that you5. It was when she was about to go to bed _ the telephone rang.A. since B. as C. that D.

31、then6. It may have been at Christmas _ John gave Mary a handbag.A. before B. who C. that D. when7. Why was _ that the old woman was sent to prison?A. he B. it C. that D. because8. It was his nervousness in the interview _ probably lost him the job.A. which B. since C. that D. what9. It was the boy _

32、 had been in prison _ stole the money.A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which10. It might be I, who _ caused the accident, who _ to answer for it.A. has, is B. have, are C. has, am D. have, am11. It was _ I reached there _ I began to know something about the matter.A. until, when B. u

33、ntil, that C. not until, that D. not when, that12. It was _ my father worked _ I work now.A. where, that B. where, when C. that, where D. that, that13. It was not until he came back _ he knew the police were looking for him.A. which B. since C. that D. before14. Its more than half a century _ the Pe

34、oples Republic of China was liberated.A. when B. that C. since D. after15. It was not _ you had explained how _ I managed to do it.A. for, that B. until, that C. for, when D. until, when答案：15 BCAAC 610 CBCCD 1115 CACCB二十二：虚拟语气英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不是事实，或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类，一

35、类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, well go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If I had one million dollars,I would buy a big house.如果我有100万美金，我会买一幢大房子。（隐含的事实是：我没有美金，也买不了大房子）。虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主

36、从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。含有条件状语从句的复合句用过去时表现在，用过去完成式表过去，用过去将来表将来而初中阶段只要求掌握主将从现，即与现在事实相反的假设： If+主语+did，主语+would +do注意：在虚拟语气中，be只能使用were。 eg：If I were you, I would go to America .二十三、简单句的五种基本句型(Five kinds of simple sentences)句子是有不同的各部分组成的，这些部分就叫做句子成分。句子成分可以是单词、词组或句子（从句）。在句中起主要作用的是主语、谓语，称为主要成分；起次要作用的有宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语

37、和表语，称为次要成分。所有的句子都是在简单句的基础上展开的。（一） 主语 + 不及物动词（主、谓结构）eg. 1）He is working. 2）He cooks.（二） 主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构）eg. 1）We study English every day. 2）They are playing football（三） 主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构）eg. 1）Trees turn green. 2）He is happy.常见的连系动词有：be ; become ; get（“天气”变得）; turn（“颜色”变得）; feel（觉得/摸起来）; lo

38、ok(看起来)；smell(闻起来); sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎).特别注意：a) 连系动词后常接形容词常作表语；b) be / become后常接名词或相当于名词的短语（不定式/动名词）做表语。c) seem + 形容词 = seem to be + 形容词eg.1)He is a teacher (名词做表语) 2)His job is to feed animals (不定式做表语) 3)His hobby is reading. (动名词做表语) 4)He seems happy = He seems to be happy（四） 主语 + 及物动词

39、+ 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物）=主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to / for + 间宾（人）常用的此类动词有：give ; pass ; show ; lend ;:read; buy. 但buy与for连用eg.1)I gave him a book. = I gave a book to him. 2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday. = My mother bought a pen for me.（五） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补宾补是补充说明宾语的情况的，所以宾语是宾补的逻辑主语。注意：作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing