动词分类及动词短语课件

1、专题专题 8动词分类及动词短语动词分类及动词短语 考点直击1助动词助动词 协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用。1帮助构成疑问句或否定句句式的助动词有do, does, did 及 其否定形式。如： Did you go home last week? 上周你回家了吗？2帮助构成时态的助动词有be, have, shall, will等。如： We are playing an interesting game. 我们正在玩一个有趣的游戏。2系动词系动词 系动词亦称连系动词。系动词本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构。具体

2、分类及用法如下：1状态系动词： 只有be动词。如： They are always very happy. 他们总是很高兴。2持续系动词： 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主 要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如： I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你会一直保持健康。3表象系动词： 表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。如： My mother seems very satisfied with my progress. 妈妈对我的进步似乎很满意。4感官系动词： 表示“起来”，主要有feel(摸起来，感

3、觉), smell(闻起来), sound(听起来), taste(尝起来，吃起来)等。 如： The dish smells delicious. 菜闻起来很香。5变化系动词： 表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。如： The small town is becoming busier and busier. 小镇变得越来越忙碌。6终止系动词： 主要有prove, turn out(结果是，证明是)等。 如： My plan turned out a success. 我的计划成功了。 提醒提醒有些系动词也是实

4、义动词，可单独作谓语。如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。 3情态动词情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的语气、情态，无人称和数的变化。情态动词有自己的词汇意思，但不能独立作谓语，其后须跟动词原形。使用频率较高的情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, need, shall(should), will(would)及半情态动词have to, had better。1can和could (1)can(could)表示说话人能、可以、同意、准许，以及客 观条件允许做某事。could为can的过去式。表示请求 时，could比can更委婉。如：

5、Could I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的钢笔吗？ (2)can 意为“能、会”时，相当于be able to (适用于各种时 态)，can只有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。如： A few months later, Ill be able to swim alone. 几个月后，我将能单独游泳。 (3)cant表示否定推测。如： That cant be Mr Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那肯定不是王老师。他已经去北京了。2may和might may和might意为“可以”，表示说话人同意、许可或请 求对方许可。 may也可表示祝愿。mig

6、ht 是may 的过 去式，表示可能性更小、语气更加委婉。如： May I take some photos here? 我可以在这儿拍照吗？ May you be happy.祝你开心。3must和have to (1)must 意为“必须，应该，一定，准是”，表示说话人认为 有必要做某事，或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的肯 定推测。如： He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作。 (2)must 和 have to 的区别： must 表示说话人的主观意 愿；have to 表示客观需要。如： I must do my homework fi

7、rst. 我必须首先做家庭作业。 It is raining hard outside. I have to stay at home. 外面雨下得很大。我不得不待在家里。4need的用法 need 表示“需要，必须”。它主要用于否定句和疑问句中， 否定形式为neednt，表示“没有必要，不必”；回答need引 导的问句时，肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用 “neednt”。 此外need还可以作实义动词使用。如： Need we do some cleaning now? No, you neednt. “我们必须现在大扫除吗？”“不，你们不必。” I need to see the do

8、ctor now. 我现在需要看医生。5shall 和will shall用于第一人称的句子表示提建议或请求；will用于第二 人称疑问句表示征求意见或提建议。如： Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗？ Will you go shopping with us? 你会和我们一起去购物吗？ 6should和would should用于各种人称的句子中，强调义务或责任；would是 will的过去式，其后跟动词原形构成过去将来时，可用于多 种人称，表示意愿。如： You should study harder. 你应该更加努力学习。 He said he wo

9、uld visit the Great Wall the next year. 他说他第三年将游览长城。7had better had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带to的不 定式。如： You had better exercise more. 你最好多锻炼。4动词短语动词短语 动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语叫动词短语。动词短语主要有四类：1动词副词： 常见的有give up, think over, take off, write down, put off等。这些词组的宾语是名词时，既可放在副 词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语是人称代词或反身代词 时，则要放在动词和副

10、词中间。如： They have decided to put off the meeting. They have decided to put the meeting off. 他们已经决定推迟会议了。 Smoking is bad for your health. You must give it up. 吸烟对你的健康有害。你必须戒掉它。2动词介词： 常见的有ask for, care about, look for, look after, send for, laugh at, hear of (from)等。如： We shouldnt laugh at others. 我们不应

11、该嘲笑别人。3动词副词介词： 常见的有look down upon, get on with, catch up with等。如： If you study hard, youll catch up with your classmates. 如果你努力学习， 你将能赶上你的同班同学。4动词名词介词： 常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。如： Please pay more attention to details. 请多注意细节。考点过关 基础过关基础过关 ()1. The cloth _very so

12、ft and comfortable. A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds()2. Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what_ nice. A. feels B. smells C. looks D. tastesC C()3. Dick，_ I use your e-dictionary? Yes, please._ you give it to Mike after you use it? A. will; Would B. may; Might C. can

13、; Could D. shall; Should()4. I think her dress comes from the 1970s. It _ be from that time. It looks so modern on her. A. mustnt Bcant C. wont DwouldntC B ()5. Must I do my homework now, Mum? _. You can do it tomorrow. A. No, you neednt B. No, you mustnt C. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must()6. Rock m

14、usic may _ nice to young people, but most old people cant stand it. A. hear B. sound C. look D. listenA B 解析解析根据上句“妈妈，我现在必须做作业吗？”及答句“_你可以明天做。”推断是否定答句，排除C、D项； must的否定回答有三种：dont have to, neednt和mustnt。neednt和dont have to均意为“不必”；mustnt意为“千万不能；禁止”。故选A。()7. Dont forget to take your bag when you _ the bus

15、. A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off()8. Her sister_ a taxi driver. Now she works for a charity. A. is used to be B. were used to being C. is used to being Dused to beA D 解析解析 get off意为“下(车)”； take off意为“脱下”；turn off意为“关上”；put off意为“推迟”。句意：当你下车时不要忘记带上你的包。故选A。()9. What do you think of my s

16、hirt? It _ cotton. It looks nice on you. A. is made in B. is made for C. is made of D. is made by()10. Allen, your bedroom is in a mess. Sorry, Mum. Ill _my things at once. A. put on B. put away C. put out D. put upC B解析解析 put on意为“穿上”；put away意为“收起来”；put out意为“熄灭”；put up意为“张贴，搭建”。 中考透视中考透视 ()1. 201

17、3宿迁宿迁 Were you sick after six hours journey on the coach? Of course. I _ quickly as soon as it stopped. A. got up B. got on C. got off D. got to()2. 2013徐州徐州 If you _ your name on the paper, you can get a magazine. A. cut down B. look down C. turn down D. write downC D ()3. 2013徐州徐州 Can I borrow you

18、r ruler，please? Yes, you_. But you must return it to me before lunchtime. A. have B. can C. must D. used to()4. 2013宿迁宿迁 The cake_ delicious. I cant wait to eat it. A. feels B. sounds C. becomes D. smells()5. 2013菏泽菏泽 Can we run across the road now? No, we_. We have to wait until the light turns gre

19、en. A. neednt B. mustnt Ccouldnt D. shouldntBDB()6. 2013丽水丽水 How many English words do you think I should know? As many as you _. Then you will find reading quite easy. A. will B. must C. can Dmight()7. 2013泰安泰安 May I smoke here? No, you_. This is a no-smoking room. A. neednt B. mustnt C. couldnt D.

20、 wouldnt CB()8. 2013青岛青岛 There arent many tickets left for the concert, youd better_ that you get one today. A. make sure of B. make a decision C. make sure D. make plansC解析解析 make sure of意为“确定，确保”，后面一般跟名词或者动名词词组； make sure意为“确保，务必”，可以跟从句； make a decision意为“做决定”； make plans意为“做计划”。句意：这场音乐会剩下的票不多了，你最

21、好确保今天能订到一张票。所以选C。 ()1. The food here smells good, but what does it _ like? Ataste Btouch Cseem Dfeel()2. Mum, when can I go out to play football? Finish your homework first, or I _let you go out. Adont Bdidnt Cwont DhaventA 语法专练 C ()3. The sense of happiness will increase if you _ what you like to d

22、o. Ado Bdid Cwill do Dshould do()4. Spring is a beautiful season when all trees _ green. Aturn Bsound Cfeel DbecomeAA解析解析 if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。因此选A。 ()5. Its cold outside. Why not _ your coat? Aput on Btake off Clook for D. put off ()6. The young man broke his arm in the ac

23、cident and had to _ his job. Agive up Bput up Ccut up D. pick up()7. What do you think about Hans? He is very difficult to _ with, but certainly he has a warm heart under cool appearance (外表) Aget on Bget in Cget off D. get outAA A ()8. 2013济南济南 Could I_ your iPad, Alice? Of course. Here you are. Al

24、end Bkeep Cborrow Dreturn()9. Could you please help me _ the TV? I want to watch the CCTV News. Aturn down Bturn on Cturn off Dturn up()10. What are you going to do during your vacation? Im not sure.I have no time to _ it at the moment. Aworry about Bthink about Cget over Dcome overC B B ()11. This

25、book _educating teenagers. Would you like to buy it? Yes, Ill take it. Aaims at Btakes place Cgives out Dsets up()12. Please _ these books, Jodie. I want to use the desk to do my homework. Atake away Bgive away Cgo away Dkeep awayA A ()13. Im not sure how to pronounce this word. Youd better _ its ri

26、ght pronunciation in the dictionary. Alook after Blook down Clook up Dlook out()14. Bill doesnt like the sunglasses in the ad because they cant _ the sun well. Atake out Bkeep out Cclean out Dlook outCB ()15. He _ some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris. Amade out Bpicked up Cgave

27、up Dtook in()16. Four dollars a pair? I think its a bit too much. If you buy three pairs, the price for each will _ to three fifty. Acome down Btake down Cturn over Dgo overBA()17. The sweater is very nice. Ill take it. But youd better _ first. I think it is a little large for you. Apay for it Bput

28、it on Cput it off Dtry it on()18. Jack has never visited the Forbidden City, but he has _ it. Astood for Bbelonged to Cheard about Dkept toD 解析解析 pay for意为“付款”； put on意为“穿上”； put off意为“推迟”； try on意为“试穿”。由答语“我认为你穿有点大。”可知应选D。C ()19. 2013台州台州 Would you mind _ the music a little? Dont you think its too

29、loud? Sorry! Ill do it in a minute. Aturning on Bturning off Cturning up Dturning down()20. Im not sure whether I can hold a party in the open air, because it _ the weather. Astands for Bdepends on Clives on Dagrees withDB()21. _， you guys! You dont want to miss the train, do you? ALook up BGive up

30、CHurry up DGrow up()22. Its said that aliens tried to warn the astronauts on the moon to _ . Maybe they didnt like human beings to get close to them. Astay up Bstay out Cstay away Dstay behindC C 解析解析 look up意为“查询”；give up意为“放弃”；hurry up意为“快点”；grow up意为“长大”。由后半句“你们不想错过火车。”可知是让他们快点。 ()23. Mary heard

31、somebody call her, so she turned _ to see who it was. Aoff Bout Cup Daround()24. Han Han is a popular writer. His new book will _ this September. Acome up Bcome in Ccome out Dcome on()25. 2013泸州泸州 Can you help me to _ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong? Alook after Blook for Clook at Dlook throughD C

32、A()26. All the oil in the world will _ some day. Yeah. What shall we use for power at that time? Agiven away Bput away Crun out Dset out()27. 2013黄石黄石 Many students in our school _ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses. Aworry about Bcare for Cagree with Dtake careC B()28. Coul

33、d I _ your digital camera again? No problem. But I think youd better go to the store to buy _ since you often go traveling. Alend; one Blend; it Cborrow; one Dborrow; it ()29. Will the hotel _ free breakfast _ the guests? Aprovide; with Bprovide; to Coffer; with Doffer; to C D ()30. How is peoples l

34、ife in the earthquake areas? They are living a much better life than we _. Asuggested Bexpected Cnoticed Dsupported()31. Sorry! I have to go back at once because I have _ my homework in my bedroom. Aforgotten Bfetched Cleft Dtaken()32. Taiwan is part of China. We _ the same history and culture. Aexp

35、lain Bexpress Cconnect DshareBCD()33. 2013聊城聊城 If you want to buy this dress, youd better _ first to make sure it fits you. Apay for it Btake it off Ctidy it up Dtry it on()34. My uncle _ be tired. He has been running for a long time. But my aunt _ be tired. She has just begun to run. Amay not; must

36、 Bmust; cant Ccant; must Dmust; may notD B解析解析 must表推测时，语气最强烈，意为“肯定、一定”；cant表示否定的推测，意为“一定不(是)”。 ()35. _ you sing English songs when you were 5 years old? ACan BNeed CCould DMay()36. His brother _ play computer games because it doesnt work. Amay not Bcant Cmustnt Dneednt()37. 2013黄冈黄冈 How heavily it

37、is raining! What a pity! We have to _ our sports meeting. Aput off Bput out Cput on Dput upCBA()38. _ I take some photos here? No, you _ AMay; mustnt BMust; mustnt CMay; neednt DCould; wont()39. I _ stop playing computer games because of my poor eyesight. Amust Bcant Chave to DmustntAC解析解析用may提问时，否定

38、回答用mustnt。 ()40. 2013呼和浩特呼和浩特 When you visit a museum you should _ the instructions and dont be against them. Acompare with Blook forward to Cpay attention to Dtry out()41. Look! How hard the snow is! Youd better _ Astay here when it stops Bnot leave until it stops Cnot to leave at once Ddont go home nowC解析解析 had better not do sth意为“最好不要做某事”。 B()42. 2013鞍山鞍山 She hurriedly _ the child and took him down