影响水泥混凝土路面平整度的的因素及其控制措施

1、sunstroke prevention medicines. 12.2 salt salt content in soda 0.1-0.2% are commonly used. salt soda water temperature 8-12 is appropriate. 12.3 salt, soda and other beverages must conform to the national standards of quality. 12.4 with little amount of water, several times, and according to persona

2、l needs free drink, not guzzling. 13 13.1 schedule shortened one continual exposure to high temperatures in the summer quarter, work rotation job multiple times, the implementation of national provisions relating to standards. 13.2 in the summer should not occupy the spare time of workers and should

3、 be adjusted according to the work shifts of single frequency with staff accommodation. 14 sun exposure should be set for outdoor work employees and relax. 15.1 there shall be 15 people protection to heat and outdoor operation in line with national standards for personal protective equipment of work

4、ers. 15.2 where the dust high temperature smelting and other seriously affected workers should be issued safety glasses. 15.3 should be set to high temperature operation staff saving and personal protective equipment facilities. four health check, health management 1 1.1 in case of new employees par

5、ticipating in the hot work, prior to employment, must be comprehensive and systematic examination, discovered any contraindications, should be forbidden to participate in high temperature operation. 1.2 high temperature periodic medical examinations of employees time, band by high temperature operat

6、ing conditions and health situation, and should be carried out in the summer season. iii, in high temperature operation focused on jobs, an annual physical and other types of 2-3 health examination. checking of medical projects should focus on the cardiovascular system, after medical examination dis

7、covered any contraindication, unsuitable for high temperature operation and should be properly handled in a timely manner. 1.3 occupational contraindication of high temperature operation is: has a serious lung disease, cardiovascular disease (such as active tuberculosis, persistent high blood pressu

8、re), and organic diseases of the central nervous system, stomach and duodenal ulcer, liver and kidney diseases. 2 hot work should be established health files of employees, and by the enterprises occupational health prevention department or medical units to store and manage, transfer files when trans

9、ferred to the new unit. 3 the companys medical and health personnel should be familiar with heat stroke rescue knowledge and treatments, high temperature during the summer season production technology work carried out on site. 4 when the case of heatstroke, local rescue. on spot rescue in severe hea

10、t stroke patients taken to hospital immediately after. 5 white in patients with aplastic anemia diagnosed with heat exhaustion and occupational, should be carried out in accordance with the regulations of the state management of occupational diseases, and to enjoy the benefits of occupational diseas

11、es. five 1 1.1 pre-employment educationdifficult, not hating; blueprints, not rhetoric; words and simple, but full of love, truth, passion, entrepreneurial passion. take this opportunity, my inspirational quotes li dazhaos classic iron specialise in uplifting blend with the article gave everyone, wi

12、th a view on how to do well under the new situation of township and village leaders inspire and help, and also share with you. a good play to create iron shoulders strong arms, to assume the burden be passed; only specific qualities, will it be possible in specific areas to create a world. in my vie

13、w, village chiefs in the new situation, we must first have five basic quality. one ambition is to pioneer. who is handsome. people only high-minded can stimulate the flow of momentum to become brave and persistent, become quiet and powerful. township and village party leaders, within their respectiv

14、e jurisdictions, political stability and economic and social development issues, decisions and orientation depends to a large extent because of your. everybody in village chiefs and the positions, both the trust of the masses, the organizations trust, more ability to you, fully affirmed the moral an

15、d other qualities. therefore, we must always maintain the historical mission and social responsibility, and our ideal tree rooted in the hard work of the soil, with indomitable spirit, indomitable courage to open up a new situation of villages and towns. to have a feeling of closeness to the second.

16、 the people and country. our business foundation in the peoples blood in the people power people. advanced decisions of the party cadres to the feelings of the people is an eternal theme. fan zhong-yan, called first, and enjoy comfort about others, zheng banqiaos also wrote a ya chai lay listening t

17、o the rustling of bamboo, the suspect is suffering. cao county officials, little my, a total turn off. old of feudal official even has so feelings, alone we is to serving for purposes of people servant does? we more should always hold with on people of deep feelings, heart department masses of leadi

18、ng visited tea, care masses of emotions thoughts complained, always insisted put masses of interests put in first, consciously from itself do up, from small do up, from masses most care, and most directly, and most reality of interests problem grabbed, real do love for people by department, and righ

19、t for people by with, and lee for people by conspiracy to. three with the fame of mind. non-indifferent not insist your dream, without serenity not go far. ascension to fame is morality, is the sublimation of the soul. as township and village, be sure to maintain a normal state of mind, establish a

20、correct viewpoint on power, position and values and outlook, as fame is light like water, depending . 50 km, also red and like hundreds of thousands of the kmt military combat, but he went on to collect a variety of newspapers and magazines, and then race against time to pore over. as long as the st

21、udy of mind, it is not necessary to come to the library, workshops, into the villages, people learned farming techniques, problem-solving methods, participation in影响水泥混凝土路面平整度的因素及其控制措施摘要对影响水泥混凝土路面平整度的因素进行分析，并提出提高水泥混凝土路面平整度的措施和控制办法。 关键词水泥混凝土路面平整度措施控制 一、影响水泥混凝土路面平整度的因素及其控制 （一）影响路面平整度的因素及其机理 在赤峰市松山区松山大

22、街的施工过程中发现，做面工序结束后，用三米直尺检查平整度时无丝毫间隙，但混凝土终凝后或次日检查，却又会出现间隙，有时甚至达1厘米左右。由此说明，决定路面平整度的因素，除做面工序自身的原因外，混凝土硬化过程中的收缩均匀与否，其它前期工序是否造成做面工序无法弥补的影响，都有密切的关系。那么上述做面工序以外的其它因素，是通过何种方式影响路面平整度呢？现分述如下： 1混凝土硬化过程中不均匀收缩的因素 （1）产生不均匀的机理 众所周知，新拌混凝土在一定温度条件下，毛细孔水、游离子水等不断蒸发，使毛细孔水在逐渐下降过程中，弯液面曲率逐渐增大；在表面张力作用下，产生收缩力致使混凝土收缩。上述收缩现象主要发生

23、在浆体。如果这种收缩是均匀进行的，对路面平整度不会产生什么影响或影响甚微。若新拌混凝土水灰比值偏大、水泥浆体偏多，而水灰比或浆体在拌合料中分布不匀，或拌合料拌合不均，混凝土振捣密实度不均匀，收缩亦随之不均匀，将致使成型路面的不平整。 （2）不均匀收缩的因素 如上所述，产生混凝土硬化过程中不均匀收缩的因素主要是水灰比、浆体含量或密实度分布不均匀所致，可能是某一种因素所致，也可能是几种因素同时影响的结果。一般有以下几种情况： （3）水灰比控制不严 混凝土在拌制过程中，水灰比控制不严，拌合料时稠时稀，摊铺不均匀。真空脱水时间不足，致使中部已达到塑性强度，边部却仍呈弹软状态，剩余水灰比分布不匀。有的施

24、工单位往往疏忽大意，相邻吸面未重叠放置吸垫，造成漏吸，则次处混凝土不仅仍处在初始水灰比状态，甚至还易在该处产生裂缝，也有的施工单位，为省事另拌砂浆或找补做面，不仅会造成表层水灰比不均匀，甚至会出现网裂或破皮。 （4）浆体含量不均匀 混凝土拌制时间不足所致、拌合料组成成分的不均匀或运料过程中产生离析现象，摊铺时又未重新翻拌，致使混合料中浆体不均匀分布，出现浆体或骨料集中现场。振捣不足或振捣过度所致、浆体不上泛或浆体上泛过多、骨料下沉集中的分层离析，也会造成浆体含量的不均匀。骨料集中处浆体含量少，收缩值小；浆体集中处骨料较少，收缩值大。 （5）配料不准的影响 如果配料未采取准确秤量，致使骨灰比忽高

25、忽低，或砂量时多时少，都会影响坍落度及和易性，水泥用量偏大或砂率偏低，都会造成真空脱水率的不均乃至最终水灰比和密实度的不均匀。 （二）前期工序所致影响 如前所述，路面平整度诸多因素的影响，而前期工序的影响，亦是重要因素之一。例如： 1.模板的设置对平速度的影响，路面的标高和平速度都有赖于模板支设的稳固和模定的平整。但实际施工中很难做到模顶标高和模板接头处的丝毫无差。木模的变形，木模顶的磨损（磨损后沾染的砂浆很难清净），都会给平整度带来“先天不足”。 2.一般我们要求模顶标高与设计标高相同，只是在真空脱水前要始终保证混凝土面高于模顶5毫米左右（真空脱水后混凝土收缩值，一般为路面厚度的2%），以作

26、脱水收缩预留值。但振动梁及提浆棒（滚筒）均须紧贴在模板上拖滚，路拱横坡也使浆体向低侧流动，此值便难以保持，致使真空脱水收缩后混凝土面低于模顶，失去顶平标准而影响平整度。 二、提高路面平整度的措施及其质量控制 针对上述因素，不断改进施工工艺，严格施工质量控制，是提高路面平整度的主要关键。为便于阐述，现按与平整度有关的工艺流程顺序，分述如下： （一）混凝土制备 1.按真空脱水混凝土要求进行配合比设计和试配 一般300号混凝土最好采用425号普通水泥，因为火山灰水泥含很细的附加填充料，具有很强的吸水能力，影响脱水效果。矿渣水泥脱水效果介于二者之间。初始水灰比可控制在0.50.55之间，坍落度采用了3

27、5厘米（过小利于振捣密实和脱水效果，但外加减水剂时可用13厘米）。水泥用量偏高或砂率偏低，都对真空脱水不利，因此水泥用量一般采用每立方米330350公斤，砂石比控制在0.52左右。 若为加快施工速度，尽快脱模，使混凝土更好地收缩密实，宜用较高砂量，骨料系用连续级配或最大粒径3厘米；若为提高强度，节省水泥，宜用较少砂量，骨料采用间断级配或最大料径限4厘米。 2.坚持称量配料，经常检查砂石含水量及袋装水泥亏重情况，以保配料准确。 3.须有专人检查拌料时间和测试坍落度，以保拌料均匀和水灰比准确。 （二）基层 干燥天气应提前洒水湿润，防止基层吸收混凝土水分，影响含水量分布不均。 （三）支模 尽量采用钢

28、模。钢模刚度较好，易于支设稳固，模顶平整光洁，使用周期长。若用木模，内壁和模顶应用铁皮包裹。 为保证真空脱水后混凝土面不低于模顶，可用模顶临时敷设角钢的方法，以保证真空脱水前混凝土高出模顶之预留缩值。角钢平整光洁，振动梁及提浆棒（滚筒）在其上拖滚更为方便，真空脱水结束后即可拆除。 （四）摊铺 对拌合不均或运料发生离析的混合料，摊铺前须重新翻拌均匀，否则不得进行下道工序施工，摊铺时混凝土不得抛掷，尤其是近模处要反扣铁锹铺放。摊铺高度要考虑振捣下沉值并尽量铺平。 （五）振捣 1.应用平板振捣器纵横全面振捣，相邻行列重叠20厘米左右，防止漏震。 2.既要防止漏振或振捣不足，也要防止振捣过度，以混合料

29、停止下沉、表面泛浆不再冒泡为度，一面产生分层离析。 3.应用振捣棒（插入式振捣器）仔细认真振捣，能减少接缝处的微鼓峰脊现象。 （六）振拖 震动梁速度不宜过快，每分钟约1米左右即可。边振拖边找补，甚至表面平实为止。 经常检查震动梁有无下挠变形，及时修正更换。 （七）提浆刮平 1.先清净模顶砂浆，以保证提浆棒紧贴模顶拖滚。 2.拖滚时若发现显露石子，可使提浆棒一头不动，另一头提起轻击数次，使其浆复平平实。 有些施工单位很善于使用提浆棒。他们来回拖滚十几次，致使表面非常平实，用三米直尺检查不出间隙，直空脱水后仍保持无凹凸痕迹，给做面创造了良好条件，对确保路面平整度具有决定性作用。 （八）真空脱水 1

30、.购置滤布应先了解滤布缩水率大小，适当加大所需尺寸。 2.脱水开始应采用400毫米汞柱真空度，35分钟内逐步上升到600毫米汞柱，以防开始便采用高真空度使表层过早致密，堵塞下层出水通道，影响脱水效果。结束前亦应逐渐减弱真空度并先掀开吸垫四角，以利残留水排出。 3.每次吸垫位置应与前次重叠20厘米。以防漏吸。笔者意见，还应适当重叠些，以免交接范围内发生弹软现象，造成含水量分布不均匀。 4.要保持足够脱水时间。一般规定脱水时间在混凝土厚度的11.5倍范围，基本已能满足。由于脱水时间与脱水深度呈抛物线关系，随深度的增加，真空传播速度逐步衰减，最后继续增加时间并不会增加脱水量。因此，时间过长并无利。,

31、 occupational health education in case of first high temperature operation of trade unions, occupational health education in before they have to accept employment. 1.2 education include: the health hazards of high temperature, correct operation, measures to prevent high temperature damage when the j

32、ob, as well as the proper use of personal protective equipment, first aid measures in case of heat stroke occurs and methods. 1.3 after the education, through examination or examinations, before taking part in a high temperature work. 2 education 2.1 high temperature operation of trade unions in emp

33、loyment during the period of employment, occupational health education must continue to accept this position. 2.2 obsah vzdlvn zahrnuje: a. tento postoj vlastnosti a vysokou teplotu na zdravotn rizika vystaven vysokm teplotm; b., tento znalosti prce a uplatovn vysokoteplotn kody pal preventivnch opa

34、ten by mla bt provedena a tak dle. 3 zvyovn vzdln 3,1 kde hot prce tdy (skupiny) dlouh (nad) dlka, editel (vedouc sekce), editel (vedouc), jako i bezpenost na pracoviti, bezpenost (oddl) bezpenost personlu, zdrav vzdlvn mus bt pijat. 3.2 obsah vzdlvn zahrnuje: a. nebezpe a kontroln opaten vysok tepl

35、oty na lidskm tle; b. zdravotn pedpisy a dokumenty vztahujc se k chlazen; c. pi ehu zchrann techniky a organizace. systm zen drby zazen, usiluje o regulaci drby zen bezpenosti, drby a zajistit hladk pedchzet a sniovat vskyt nehod, podle specifikace chemick vrobn zazen pro bezpenost drby (aq3026-2008

36、) stanov, e systm je formulovn. za druh definice drby zazen pro udren a obnoven zazen, vybaven, zajitn vkonu opaten, byla uinna, vetn testovn a opravit. tet rozsah pouit tohoto systmu se vztahuje na zazen, stedn a men opravy a zen bezpenosti prce opravy spolenosti. tyi, ne drba bezpenostnch poadavk

37、1, tato spolenost provd bnou drbu a pravideln drby, aby zajistily, e zazen spluje poadavky na bezpenost. jsem denn kontrola a drba: odpovdnost produkce, aby se v produkci selhn zazen, rizika ovlivujc bezpenost a vasnou drbu. pravideln drba ii: zvod regeneran cyklus, identifikovnconferences, learned

38、superiors policies; reports, you can learn to deal with problems, art, just wanted to learn, to learn at any time. to continuously expand the scope of the study. the complexity and comprehensiveness of our work, decided to not only do we want to be professionals, or if generalists, to dabble in diff

39、erent areas of knowledge. mastery of knowledge not only to have knowledge to rational analysis. this on requirements we, not only to learning national of route, and approach, and policy, also to learning national of legal, and regulations; not only to with political theory armed mind, also to with e

40、conomic theory guide work; not only to read history, also to read history; not only to absorption sm of mirror, also to gets is of road; not only to from local learn, also to to outside learn; not only to to books learn, also to field study learn. therefore, i would encourage you, and more to the ou

41、tside world when i have time to take a look at, take a stroll, outside developments, learn other peoples development approach, and then come back to guide our work. second, we must think. learning without thought to overshadow, thinking without learning is perilous. we want to foster the character o

42、f advancing with the times, forge ahead, often reflect themselves in adapting to the new situation on whether there are delays, have anything to fear in the reform and innovation, whether in terms of accelerating the development of a relaxation, keep promising state of mind. in order to do investigations, investigations is the road to heaven, god disposes of the base. to wants to real heard truth, and justice to truth, and get truth, received effectiveness, on m