词汇第三讲名字

1、Chapter 3Names and Word Power第一节第一节 从女性名字联想开去从女性名字联想开去 A. “友爱的友爱的”Amy（艾米）（艾米） wAmy，女性名字，含有词根，女性名字，含有词根am，为，为“友爱友爱”之意，之意，此词根还出现在此词根还出现在Amelia和和Amanda这两个名字中，这两个名字中，并派生出以下单词并派生出以下单词: wamour n. 恋情w amorous adj.多情的, 恋爱的, 表示爱情的Have you heard about his latest amour?wamicable adj.: exhibiting friendliness o

2、r goodwill 友善的, 和平的w amicability n. 友善, 亲善Instead of fighting, the two nations settled their quarrel in an amicable way.wamiable adj.: friendly and agreeable in disposition 亲切的, 和蔼可亲的w amiability n. 亲切An amiable person is sweet-tempered, kind, gentle, thoughtful of others.wamity n. 友好, 亲善关系The amity

3、 between these two neighboring countries has lasted for hundreds of years.wenemywenmity n.仇恨仇恨, 憎恨憎恨As great enmities are born of great friendship, and mortal maladies of vigorous health.wamateur n. & adj.waunt n. (amita Lat.)* B. “好的好的”Bonnie（邦尼）（邦尼）wBonnie，女性名字，源于拉丁语，女性名字，源于拉丁语bonus，其意为，其意为“好的好的”，

4、并产生变体词根，并产生变体词根ben，构成以下词汇。，构成以下词汇。wbonus 奖金, 红利bonus dividend (红利股), bonus share (分红股), bonus wage (花红, 红利工资)The firm recognized Toms outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus. wbenefit n.利益, 好处; v. 有益于, 有助于 w beneficial adj. 有益的, 受益的w beneficiary n. 受惠者, 受益人The new regulations will be of great

5、benefit to us all. wbenign n.良性的，仁慈的The old man was well liked because of his benign attitude toward friends and strangers alike. wbenediction n.祝福w bene (good) + dict (speech) + ion (ing)w Before beginning his difficult journey, the young man visited his parents to receive their benediction.wbeauty

6、 n.wbeautiful adj.wBuenos AireswBell*C. “灰灰”Cindy（辛迪）（辛迪）wCindy，女性名字，是，女性名字，是“Cynthia”的昵称，的昵称，源于法语源于法语cendre，为，为“灰灰”之意，还构成以之意，还构成以下单词。下单词。wCinderella n.灰姑娘，指“经过一段被冷落和忽视的时期后，意外获得承认和成功的人”wcinder (ash) +ella (little)A few years ago this factory was still regarded as the Cinderella of the printing trade

7、, but now it is very famous. wcinder n. 煤渣, 灰烬w cinerary adj. 骨灰的, 放灰的w cinereous adj. 已成灰的, 似灰样的Clear out yesterdays cinders before you make the fire. wincinerate v. 把烧成灰, 烧弃w in (into) + ciner (ash) + ate (to make)Many animals were incinerated in the volcanic eruption. *D. “如花的如花的”Flora（弗洛拉）（弗洛拉）w

8、Flora，女性名字，源于词根，女性名字，源于词根flor，为，为“鲜花鲜花”之意，并派生之意，并派生出如下单词。出如下单词。wflorid adj. 华丽的, 红润的After living outdoors all summers, Myra had a florid glows in her cheeks.wfloral adj. 花似的, 花的w florist n.He chose a nice material with a floral pattern for the curtain. wflorescence 开花, 全盛期, 花期w flor (flower) + esc (

9、to grow) + ence (ing)The beautiful garden is dotted with trees in florescence. wflower n.wflour n.wflourish v.wflirt v. wbloom v.wblood n.wbleed v.wblade n.wbless v.wFloridawFlorence*E. “快乐的快乐的”Hilary（希拉里）（希拉里）wHilary，女性名字，源于词根，女性名字，源于词根hilar-,为为“欢乐欢乐”之意，此词根还构成以下单词。之意，此词根还构成以下单词。whilarity n. 欢乐，热闹w

10、hilarious adj.欢乐的，热闹的 This hilarity is improper on this solemn day of mourning. wexhilarate v. 使高兴，使愉快w ex (out)+ hilar (merry) + ate ( to make)w exhilaration n.令人高兴，愉快w exhilarative adj.使高兴的，令人兴奋的We were exhilarated by the cool, pine-scented air.*F. “雅致的雅致的”Grace（格雷斯）（格雷斯）wGrace，女性名字，源于词根，女性名字，源于词根

11、grat，其意为，其意为“喜爱喜爱，称赞，恩惠，感激称赞，恩惠，感激”，常构成以下，常构成以下单词。单词。wgraceful adj. 优美的，雅致的Her figure was slender and graceful.wgracious adj. 亲切的, 高尚的She welcomed her guests in a gracious manner.disgrace n. 丢脸，耻辱，不光彩；丢脸的人或事丢脸，耻辱，不光彩；丢脸的人或事 v. 使丢脸，使受耻辱使丢脸，使受耻辱 wgratitude n. 感谢，感激She felt eternal gratitude to him for

12、 saving her life. wgrateful adj. 感激的, 感谢的I am grateful to you for helping me. wcongratulate v. 祝贺, 庆贺 w congratulation n. 祝贺, 庆贺We congratulated him on his birthday. wagree v.wagreeable adj.wagreement n.wdisagree v.w(greet, greet, regret)*G. “光亮的光亮的”Lucy（露西）（露西）wLucy，女性名字，源于词根，女性名字，源于词根luc，为，为“光线、光芒

13、光线、光芒”之意，此词根还具有一些变体，如：之意，此词根还具有一些变体，如：lumin, lux和和lustr，主要构成以下单词，主要构成以下单词wlucent adj. 光亮的, 透明的w luc (light) + ent (ing)w lucency n. 光亮, 透明The moons lucent rays silvered the river. wlucid adj. 明晰的The witness gave a lucid account of what happened. wtranslucent adj.半透明的w translucence n. 半透明The lavatory

14、 windows are made of translucent glass. w由于在西方文化中，由于在西方文化中，“光光”给人以给人以“启示启示”，让人，让人“聪聪慧慧”，因而，这一词根还构成以下具有引申含义的单词。，因而，这一词根还构成以下具有引申含义的单词。welucidate v. 阐明, 说明w e(out) + luc(light) +id+ ate (to make)w elucidation n. 说明, 阐明The note helps to elucidate the most difficult parts of the text. willuminate v. 照明,

15、 照亮, 阐明w Illumination n. 照明, 阐明A sudden smile illuminated her face. willustrate v. 举例说明, 图解, 阐明w Illustration n. 说明, 例证The speaker said he would endeavor to illustrate. wlight n. a. v.wlightning n.wlighter n.wlighten v.wenlighten v.wlunar adj. wLuxw(luxury n.)*H. “神奇的神奇的”Miriam（米里亚姆）（米里亚姆） wMiriam，女

16、性名字，源于词根，女性名字，源于词根mir，为，为“神奇神奇”之意，其变体有之意，其变体有mar，主要构成以下单词。，主要构成以下单词。wmiracle n.奇迹, 奇事w miraculous adj. 奇迹的, 不可思议的Miracles are spontaneous; they cannot be summoned, but come of themselves. wadmire v.钦佩, 羡慕w admiration n. 钦佩, 羡慕You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence. wmarvel

17、n. 奇迹； v. 大为惊异，觉得惊奇 w marvelous adj. 引起惊异的, 不可思议的, 非凡的It was a real marvel that the baby was unhurt when he fell from the fifth floor. wmirage n.海市蜃楼, 雾气, 幻想, 妄想The heat reflected from the white sand formed a mirage. mirror n.smile v. & n. *I. “宁静的宁静的”Serena（塞丽娜）（塞丽娜）wSerena，女性名字，源于词根，女性名字，源于词根seren

18、，为，为“宁静宁静”之意，并构成以下单词。之意，并构成以下单词。wserene adj.平静的w serenity n. 平静w serenade n. 小夜曲；v. 唱小夜曲The story took place in a serene summer night.*J. “声音声音”Sonia（索尼亚）（索尼亚）wSonia，女性名字，源于拉丁语，女性名字，源于拉丁语sonare，为，为“声音声音”之意，并构成以下单词。之意，并构成以下单词。 wsonorous adj.作响的，出声的w sonor (sound)+ ous (full)w sonority n. 响亮, 响亮程度The

19、sonorous voice of the priest resounded in the church. wconsonance n. 一致, 调和w con (together with) + son (sound)+ ance (ing)w consonant adj. 协调一致的Such an act would not be in consonance with our policy. wdissonance 不一致, 不调和w dis (away) +son (sound) + ance (ing)w dissonant adj. 不谐和的, 不调和的A note of disso

20、nance crept into their relationship. wresonant adj. 引起共鸣的, 回响的w re (back) + son (sound) +ant (ing)w resonance n. 共鸣, 回声, 反响w resonate v. 使共鸣, 使共振Alpine valleys are resonant with the sound of church bells. wsupersonic adj. 超音波的w super (above) +son (sound) + icHave you taken supersonic aircraft? wSONY

21、wsound n. a. v. & advwSonata wsonar n.wunison n.*K. “聪慧的聪慧的”Sophia（索菲娅）（索菲娅）wSophia，女性名字，来自于词根，女性名字，来自于词根soph，为，为“智慧智慧”之意，此词根还可以构成以下单词。之意，此词根还可以构成以下单词。wphilosophy n. 哲学w phil (love) + soph (wisdom) +yw philosopher n. 哲学家哲学家She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society. wsophisticated n. 老于世故的，老练

22、的；复杂的，精致的She has become very sophisticated since she went to live in London.wsophistry n.诡辩w sophism n. 诡辩w sophistication n. 复杂精密；强词夺理, 诡辩He won the argument by sophistry. wsophomore n. 大学二年级生w soph (wisdom) + mor (stupidity) + eI met her when she was a sophomore. *L. “似星的似星的”Stella（斯特拉）（斯特拉）wStell

23、a，女性名字，来自于词根，女性名字，来自于词根stell-，为，为“星星星星”之意，它是之意，它是“astr-”的变体，主要构成以的变体，主要构成以下单词。下单词。wstellar adj. 恒星的We can analyze by statistical mechanics the behavior of the stellar substance. wconstellation 星群, 星座，一群杰出人物w con (together) +stell (stars) + ationw constellate v.形成星座The symposium was attended by a con

24、stellation of artists and writers. wastronomy n.天文学w astro (star) + nom (arrangement, order) + yAstronomy is the scientific study of the sun, moon, and stars and other heaven bodies. wastrology n.占星术, 占星学w astro (star) +logyw astrological adj. 占星的, 占星术的w astrologer n.占星家wAn astrologer would have peo

25、ple believe that their lives are regulated by the movements of the stars and planets, sun and moon. wastronaut n.宇航员w astro (star) + naut ( a sailor)A rocket manned by trained astronauts will be launched soon. wdisaster n. 灾难w dis (against) + aster (star)w disastrous adj. 灾难的The attack on Pearl Harb

26、or was the worst disaster in the history of the U.S. navy. wastral adj. 星的，从星上来的She was amazed at the number of astral bodies the new telescope revealed.wstar n. & v.wasterisk n.wsatellite n.*M. “活泼的活泼的”Vivian（维维安）（维维安）wVivian，女性名字，来自于词根，女性名字，来自于词根viv，为，为“生命、活生命、活力力”之意，此词根的变体为之意，此词根的变体为vit和和vig，常见于下

27、列单，常见于下列单词中。词中。wvivid adj. 生动的, 鲜明的She gave the police a vivid description of the accident. wvivacious adj. 活泼的, 快活的w viv (life) + acious (full of)w vivacity n. 活泼She had always been vivacious and sparkling.wvivify vt. 使生动, 使活跃w viv(life) + ify (to make)w revivify v. 使再生，使复活The teacher decides to br

28、ing the students out of the classroom to vivify his boring class.wrevive v. 使复活，使恢复w re(back) + viv (life)w revival n.复兴, 复活All attempts to revive the fishing industry were foredoomed to failure.wsurvive v. 活着，继续存在，幸存w sur (above) + viv (life)w survival n.生存, 幸存, 残存In the jungle, they were driven to

29、 extremes in order to survive.wvital adj. 生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的w vitality n.活力, 生命力The heart performs a vital bodily function. wvigor n.精力, 活力w vigorous adj. 精力旺盛的, 有力的, 健壮的He flung himself into his work with renewed vigor. Vitamin n.第二节第二节 从男性名字联想开去从男性名字联想开去wA. “仁慈的仁慈的”Clement（克莱门特）（克莱门特）wClement，男性名字，源于

30、拉丁语，男性名字，源于拉丁语Clemens，为为“性格温和，仁慈性格温和，仁慈”之意，主要构成以下单之意，主要构成以下单词。词。wclemency n.温和, 仁慈, 和蔼w inclemency n. 险恶, 严酷He appealed to the judge for clemency. *B. “优生的优生的”Eugene（尤金）（尤金）wEugene，男性名字，由前缀，男性名字，由前缀eu-+词根词根gen构成，其中构成，其中eu-为为“优、好优、好”之意，之意， gen为为“出生出生”之意，这两个词素主要之意，这两个词素主要构成以下单词。构成以下单词。weugenics n. 优生学

31、w eu (good) +gen (birth) +icsThe development of eugenics has greatly improved the quality of childbirth. weulogy n. 赞词, 颂词w eu (good) + logy (word, study)w eulogize v.称颂，颂扬w eulogist n 称赞者 All the eulogy of his friends could not remove the sting of the calumny heaped upon him by his enemy. weuphemis

32、m n. 委婉语w eu (good) +phem (word) + ismw“Pass away” is a euphemism for “die”. weuphony n. 悦耳的声音w eu (good) +phon (sound)w euphonious adj.悦耳的 Italian and Spanish are euphonious languages and therefore easily sung.wgenesis n. 起源，创世纪w gene (birth) + sis The genesis of the universe may have been a big ex

33、plosion. wgenerate v. 产生, 发生This hatred was generated by racial prejudice. wgenuine adj. 真实的，真诚的w genu (birth) +ineThis is genuine leather, not an imitation. wingenious adj. 机灵的，有独创的w in (in) +gen (origin) + iousw ingenuity n.机灵，独创性，灵活性An ingenious idea suddenly came upon him when he was taking a wa

34、lk with his wife.wingenuous adj. 单纯的，坦白的, 自然的, 直率的 Only the most ingenuous person would believe such a weak excuse! wgene n.wgender n.wgeneral adj.wgenerous adj.wgenius n.wgentle adj.*C. “地球工作者地球工作者”George（乔治）（乔治）wGeorge，男性名字，由词根，男性名字，由词根geo+词根词根org构成构成, 其中其中geo为为“地球地球”之意，之意，org及其变体及其变体erg为为“工作工作”之之

35、意，主要构成以下单词。意，主要构成以下单词。wgeology n. 地质学w geo (earth) +logy (study or science)w geologist n.地质学家w geological adj.地质学的This is a geological map, showing mineral deposits and rock formations. wgeometry n.几何学w geo (earth) + metron (to measure)w geometric adj. 几何的，几何学的几何的，几何学的What is the geometric relation

36、between these two lines? worganic adj. 器官的，有机的，组织的w inorganic adj. 无机的，无生物的w organize v. 组织，使有机化w organization n. 组织，团体I am not good at organic chemistry. worganism n. 生物体，有机体w organ (a part of body) + ismw microorganism n.微生物Although we cant see them by our own eyes, the microorganisms make great c

37、ontribution to our life. wenergetic adj. 精力充沛的w en( to make) + erg (work) +eticw energize v.使活跃，使有精力I like to take some energetic exercise at weekend. wsurgery n.wsurgeon n.*D. “群聚的群聚的”Gregory（格雷戈里）（格雷戈里）wGregory，男性名字，源于词根，男性名字，源于词根greg，为，为“群聚群聚”之之意，主要构成以下单词。意，主要构成以下单词。wgregarious adj. 群居的，社交的Except

38、 for hermits and recluses, who shun company, most people are gregarious.waggregate n. 合计，集合体w adj.合计的w v.聚集，合计w ag (toward) + greg (to flock) +atew aggregation n.集合，聚合，集合体The aggregate strength of the allies was impressive, though individually some were quite weak.wcongregate v. 聚集w con (together) +

39、 greg (to flock) + atew congregation n.集合，集会The crowds congregated in the town square to hear the President.wsegregate v.隔离w se (apart) + greg ( to flock) +atew segregation n.种族隔离 The warden believes in segregation of first offenders from hardened criminals. *E. “多情的多情的”Philip（菲利普）（菲利普）wPhilip，男性名字，

40、源于词根，男性名字，源于词根phil，其意为，其意为“爱爱”，并构成以下单词。，并构成以下单词。wphilanthropy n.博爱, 慈爱w phil (love)+ anthrop (man in general) + yw philanthropic adj. 慈善的，博爱的 w philanthropist n.慈善家 Many organizations benefited from the wealthy mans philanthropy. wphilology n. 语文学，文献学w phi (love) + log (science or study, word or spe

41、ech) + yThe professor of philology advocated the use of Esperanto as an international language. wphilander n. & v.调情, 用情不专w phil (love) + ander (male) Do not philander with my affections because love is too serious. wphilately n. 集邮集邮wphilobiblic adj. 有爱书癖的有爱书癖的wthe Philippines*F. “石头石头”Peter（彼得）（彼得

42、）wPeter，男性名字，源于词根，男性名字，源于词根petr，为，为“石头石头”之意，主要构成以下单词。之意，主要构成以下单词。wpetroleum n. 石油w petr (stone) + ol (oil) + eumAny new source of energy will be welcome, as there is a shortage of petroleum. wpetrify v. 石化The prince was petrified under a magic spell. * G. “统治者统治者”Reginald（雷金纳德）（雷金纳德）wReginald，男性名字，源

43、于词根，男性名字，源于词根reg，为，为“统统治者治者”之意，此词根另一变体为之意，此词根另一变体为roy，主要派，主要派生下列单词。生下列单词。wregal adj. 帝王的, 适于帝王的，雍容华贵的w reg (to rule) + alThe regal lady had made a deep impression on him. regiment n. 团, 大群regi (to rule) + ment He is in command of one of the highland regiments. wrectify v. 矫正, 调整w rect (to rule, stra

44、ight) + ifyThe accounting error was rectified before the ledgers were audited. wrighteous adj. 正直的, 正当的, 正义的w right (to rule) + eous w righteousness n. 正当, 正义, 正直Noah was a righteous man, the one blameless man of his time; he walked with God. wroyal adj. 王室的, 皇家的w roy (to rule) + alw royalty n. 皇室,

45、王权There is a royal proclamation of the birth of the prince.wregion n.wregular adj.wregulation n.wregime n.wrealm n.wright wcorrect adj.wReal MadridwMontreal* H. “敬神的敬神的”Theodore（西奥多）（西奥多）wTheodore，男性名字，由，男性名字，由the (god)+odor (to worship)构成，其中词根构成，其中词根the及其变体及其变体thus为为“神神”之意，主要构成以下单词。之意，主要构成以下单词。wthe

46、ology n.神学w the (god) + ology (the study)w theologian n.神学家 In the Middle Ages, philosophy and theology were inextricable. 。wtheocracy n. 神权政府，神权统治w the (god) + cracy (ruling system)w theocrat n.神权政治家，神权统治者Some Pilgrims favored the establishment of theocracy in New England. watheism n.无神论w a (not) +

47、 the (god) + ism (the doctrine)w atheist n.无神论者w atheistic adj. 无神论的, 无神论者的 His atheistic remarks shocked the religious worshipers. wmonotheism n. 一神论w mono (one) +the (god) + ism (the doctrine)Abraham was the first to proclaim his belief in monotheism. wpolytheism n. 多神论w polytheist n.多神论者w polytheistic adj. 多神教的, 信奉多神教的The Taoism is a polytheistic religion which believes in several gods. wpantheism n. 泛神论w pan (all) +the (god) + ism (the doctrine)w pantheist n.泛神论者w pantheist