托福写作必备高分词汇 常用短语汇总概要

1、托福写作必备高分词汇| 常用短语汇总Education作业(注意它是可数名词，与homework不同) n. assignment选修课 n. elective学分 n. credit青少年 n. adolescent ;青春期的 adj. adolescent青少年 children and youth教学法 teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应 adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力 n. adaptability应用 v. apply把学生分开教育 segr

2、egate students团队精神 team spirit独立思考 think independently在理解的基础上学习 learn things through understanding学生的反馈 students feedback学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers performance通才 n. generalist专才 n. specialist全面发展的 adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献 contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科

3、 n. humanities社会科学 social sciences艺术 n. arts文科总称 n. liberal studies/ arts理科 n. sciences工科 n. engineering基础科学 basic sciences应用科学 applied sciences学科(通称);纪律 n. discipline 管教 vt. discipline自制力 n. self-discipline小(中、大)学教育 primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education职业教育 vocational educat

4、ion/ training互动 vt. interact学校给学生的教育 n. schooling学校提供的课程总称 n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的 adj. psychological参与 n. participation involvement干扰 n. distraction记忆 vt. memorize获取 vt. acquire以教师为中心的 adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的 adj. student- centered熟练掌握 be proficient in榜样 role model同龄人 n. peer对孩子或者其他弱

5、者过度保护 adj. overprotective动力 n. motivation沮丧 n. frustration家长给小孩的教育 n. parenting用批判的眼光去看问题的能力 critical thinking abilities(某方面的)意识 n. awareness (of)有创造力的 adj. creative / original对非常熟悉 adj. well-acquainted (with)表现出色 perform well为打好基础 lay a solid foundation for自尊 n. self-esteem尊严 n. dignity评估 n. evalua

6、tion对非常好的掌握 n. mastery好奇心n. curiosity精英 n. elite应试教育 test-oriented education富于想象力的 imaginative沉迷于 indulge in 发人深思的 adj. thought- provoking无知的 adj. ignorant文盲(的) n.&adj. illiterate学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童 n. preschooler对文字技能的掌握 n. literacy对数学知识的掌握 n. numeracy误入歧途 go astray给人新鲜感的 adj. refreshing令人振奋的 adj. uplif

7、ting给人动力的 adj. motivating单亲家庭 n. single-parent family未成年人 n. minors溺爱 vt. spoil青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺负(当名词是“喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思) vt.& n. bully逃学 n. truancy很有启发的 adj. enlightening成型的阶段 formative years植物学 n. botany天文学 n. astronomy培养 v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促进学生身心发展 promote the students

8、 physical/ mental (or intellectual) and emotional development心理健康 psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力 give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.传授知识 impart/ inculcate knowledge灌输高尚的道德观 instill high moral values给学生以灵感 give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知

9、识的掌握 students grasp (or command) of what has been taught就业技能 employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教学生 force-feed the students学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。 Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas.死记硬背 learn things by rote为了记忆而记忆 memorize for memorizations own sake责任感 a sense

10、of obligation/ duty/ res-ponsibility记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律 memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws盲从 follow sth. blindly/ follow sth. indiscriminately限制创造力的发展 extinguish/ stifle/ constrain creativity打击学生的积极性 dampen ( or sap ) the students enthusiasm/ frustrate the students产生不必要的压力 beget/ create undu

11、e pressure塑造某人的性格 mold ones character来自其他同学的压力 peer pressure逆境 n. adverse circumstances/ adversity鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题 encourage the students to think critically课外活动 extra-curricular activities学校是社会的缩影。 A school is society in miniature.不遵守纪律 n. indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief违反纪律的学生 disruptive/ unruly

12、students理论知识 theoretical knowledge双语的 adj. bilingual形容人嘴特碎的 adj. nagging有趣的 adj. stimulating认知的 adj. cognitive监护人 n. guardian 中学毕业当年成绩最优秀的学生 n. valedictorian大学毕业成绩最顶尖 graduate summa cum laude阐明，解释清楚 vt. illuminate(学生)自我管理 n. autonomy启迪 n. edification具体一门课的内容 n. syllabusTechnology非常先进的 adj. state-of-

13、the-art尖端的 adj. cutting-edge彻底变革 vt. revolutionize自动化的 adj. automated机械化的 adj. mechanized电脑生成的 adj. computer-generated组装线 assembly line大规模生产 mass-production省钱的 adj. cost-effective/ economical深刻改变 vt. transform突破 n. breakthrough打破(传统的)界限 break boundaries无限的可能 endless possibilities发展 v.&n. advance信息过剩

14、 information overload信息爆炸 information explosion自给自足 n. self-sufficiency虚拟世界 the virtual world脱离现实 be detached from reality(电脑的)摄像头 n. webcam不可想象的 adj. inconceivable远程通讯 n. telecommunications高生产率的 adj. productive自动化 n. automation可利用的 adj. available新颖的 adj. novel耐用的 adj. durable对用户友好的，方便使用的 adj. user-

15、friendly常规的 adj. conventional增进，提高 vt. enhance = boost加速 speed up/ accelerate生产，制造 vt. manufacture标准化的 adj. standardized印刷机 printing press电报 n. telegraph外科手术 n. surgery采用 vt. adopt在家远程上班 n. telecommuting网络银行(业务) online banking提高效率 augment/ enhance/ boost efficiency提高生产效率 augment/ enhance/ boost prod

16、uctivity减少人力的机器 labor-saving machinery取代人力的机器 labor-replacing machinery自动化 n. automation生物技术 n. biotechnology克隆 v. clone远程通讯 n. telecommunications太空探索 space exploration/ space probe人的基因构成 ones genetic makeup/ ones DNA programming创新 n. innovations有独创性的，精巧的 adj. ingenious以惊人的速度 at a staggering rate超轻的

17、 adj. ultra-lightweight超薄的 adj. ultra-thin便携的 adj. portable天线 n. antenna器官移植 organ transplant心脏起搏器 n. pacemaker交易 n. transactions载人登月 manned landing on the Moon载人航天器 manned spacecraft通讯卫星 telecommunications satellite气象卫星 weather satellite/ meteorological satellite发射台 launch pad哈勃太空望远镜 the Hubble Spa

18、ce Telescope防弹背心 bulletproof vest尖端的技术 cutting-edge technology信息爆炸 information explosion ( or over-load)互联网的广泛应用 the proliferation of the Internet/ the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet科技创新及发展 technological innovations/ inventions/ advances/ progressionsMedia好奇心 n. cu

19、riosity可靠的 adj. dependable/ trustworthy报道 n. coverage成为头条新闻 make headlines有新闻价值的 adj. newsworthy信息量大的 adj. informative娱乐性强的 adj. entertaining商品 n. commodity商业化的 adj. commercialized隐私 n. privacy收视率 n. ratings指某种事物在互联网、媒体或者公众中快速传开 go viral评价过高的 adj. overrated记者 n. journalists新闻界 the press(多半指女孩子)追星族 n

20、. groupies追星族 n. teenybopper某种文化的代表人物，如体育、音乐或电影等的最优秀人物 n. icon演员在影视作品或者广告中突然成功 make a splash澄清 vt. clarify审查 n. censorship夸大事实 blow things out of proportion完全与世隔绝 entirely cut off from the outside world(媒体)影响(公众意见) vt. sway电视、收音机或者互联网上的广告 n. commercial小传单广告 n. flyer大幅广告牌 n. billboard海报 n. poster小报儿

21、n. tabloid有奖竞猜节目 quiz show真人秀 reality show情景喜剧 n. sitcom肥皂剧 soap opera综艺节目 variety show时事 current affairs印刷媒体 the print media电子媒体 the electronic media报道新闻的机构 news outlets充斥着 be awash with/ be inundated with/ be saturated with审查 v. censor删除 v. delete/ eliminate/ excise过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive (or gratuit

22、ous ) violent and pornographic contents有误导性的 adj. misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted诈骗性的 adj. fraudulent虚假的 adj. false/ bogus报道非常详尽的细节 report sth. in graphic detail夸大事件 exaggerate things/ sensationalize things/ blow things out of all proportions公正客观的 objective and balanced揭露 v. expose/ reveal侵犯隐私

23、 violate (or intrude on/ infringe on ) someones privacy毁坏某人的名誉 tarnish/ sully/ smear/ besmirch ones reputation狗仔队 n. ( pl.) paparazzi名人 n. ( pl.) celebrities丑闻 n. scandals掩盖 v. cover up/ gloss over/ whitewash客观的 adj. objective不客观的 adj. biased/ skewed/ unobjective如实的描述 factual accounts可信的 adj. reliab

24、le/ trustworthy/ dependable及时的 up-to-date/ up-to-minute道德准则 code of ethics/ code of conduct监督 vt. scrutinize无处不在的 adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent荒唐的，可笑的 adj. absurd/ ludicrous高调的/低调的 adj. high-profile/ low-profile独家新闻 exclusive news(明星的)光环 the glitz and glamour魅力四射的 adj. glamorous处在公众注意力的焦点 in the spotli

25、ght/ in the limelight媒体炒作 media hype传闻 n. gossip捏造的 adj. fabricatedSuccess决心 n. determination座右铭 n. motto家喻户晓的名字 a household name有一定成就的(形容人) adj. established辉煌的 adj. glorious绝望 n.&vi. despair适应能力强的 adj. adaptable名望 n. fame(很高的)声望 n. prestige名声 n. reputation不幸 n. misfortune概率 n. probability残疾的 adj. d

26、isabled在某方面成功 succeed in sth.态度 n. attitude毅力 n. tenacity/ perseverance一种直接而且被证明有效的去除的方法 a proven and straightforward way to do sth.努力去做的事情 n. commitment/ undertaking/ endeavor很有本事极容易成功的人 go-getter很多人都希望得到的 adj. highly-sought-after逆境 n. adversity/ hardship很渴望得到 have a yearning/ longing/ craving for

27、sth.个人通过自身努力获得更高社会地位的可能性 upward mobility优秀的 adj. remarkableexcellentoutstandingdistinguished意志力 n. willpower挫折 n. setback坚忍不拔的 adj. rugged顽固的 adj. stubborn决定性的，有决断力的 adj. decisive不可逾越的 adj. insurmountable某方面技能很高 be adept in不知名的，默默无闻的 adj. obscure身份和地位的象征 status symbol战略，行动安排 n. strategy坚持 adhere to对

28、手 n. rival不切实际的幻想 n. illusion不可缺少的，绝对必要的 adj. indispensable深思熟虑的 adj. well-thought-out从贫穷到富有的成功故事 a rags-to-riches story昙花一现 be a flash in the pan长处 n. (pl.) strengths弱点 n. (pl.) weaknesses重大的过错 n. blunder可以原谅的错误 n. peccadillo有魅力的 adj. charismaticGovernment废除(法律、制度等) vt. abolish实施 vt. implement使合法化

29、vt. legalize首要任务 n. priority建立 vt. establish减轻、缓解 vt. alleviate =ease =relieve当局 the authorities禁止 vt. forbid/ prohibit立法 n. legislation税收 tax revenue民主的 adj. democratic高效率的 adj. efficient优化资源分配 optimize the distribution of res-ources稳定 n. stability解决 vt. Combat = tackle = resolve = address = grappl

30、e with严厉的，严格的 adj. stringent短视的 adj. short-sighted支出，花费 n. expenditure社会保险 social security老百姓 n. citizens/ the citizenry规范，管理 v. regulate/ monitor/ oversee严禁 strictly prohibit/ ban altogether严格的法律 stringent laws/ legislation强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的 adj. mandatory/ compulsory监督 n. scrutiny监督 v. scrutinize/

31、monitor为拨款 allocate money to sth./ be a patron of/ invest in/ fund/ dedicate money to sth.预算 n. budget政府开支 the government spending/ expenditure on sth.削减 v. curtail增加 v. augment当务之急 n. priority把当作当务之急 give priority to sth.责任 n. duty/ responsibility/ obligation军备竞赛 n. arms race自卫 n. self-defense国土安全

32、national security/ homeland security缺乏远见的政策 short-sighted policy扩张 n. expansion/ aggression谋求霸权 seek/ pursue hegemony恶性循环 a vicious circle地区不稳定因素 destabilizing factors规章制度 rules and regulations太空竞赛 space race武器 n. arms/ weapons/ armaments下岗工人 laid-off workers/ downsized workers失业 n. unemployment/ jo

33、blessness基础设施 n. infrastructure公共交通系统 public transportation/ transit system电网 power grid石油天然气管线 pipelines给排水系统 water supply and drainage system民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government临时的应急措施 a stopgap measureFriends察觉到 vt. detect外貌 n. appearance吸引，吸引力 n. attraction喜欢社交的 adj. sociable忠实的 adj.

34、 loyal志向 ambition陪伴 n. company(人)动手能力强的，(物品)轻便的 adj. handy乐于并善于合作的 adj. cooperative有条理的 adj. organized聪明的 adj. intelligent有天赋的，有才华的 adj. gifted/ talented体育好的 adj. athletic无忧无虑的，乐天派的 happy-go-lucky/ carefree相互的 adj. mutual有艺术气息的 adj. artistic真诚的 adj. sincere直率的 adj. candid/ frank背叛 vt. betray敌意 n. an

35、imosity/ antagonism靠不住的朋友 fair-weather friend好感，关爱 n. affection拥抱 n.&vt. hug安慰某人 vt. reassure sb./ comfort sb.肤浅的，表面化的 adj. superficial/ shallow表述清晰的，口才好的 adj. eloquent永恒的 adj. eternal活泼的，活跃的 adj. lively谦虚的 adj. modest尴尬的 adj. awkward对自己所处状态感到紧张或缺乏自信的心态 adj. self-conscious两难的困境 n. dilemma确定性 n. cert

36、ainty真实的，真正的 adj. genuine低估 v. underestimate美德 n. virtue调解 v. reconcile荒唐可笑的 adj. absurd/ ridiculous很烦人的 adj. irritating承受力或者恢复能力强的 adj. resilient低调的 adj. low-profile/ low-key很支持的 adj. supportive有感染力的 adj. contagious豁达的，接受能力强的 adj. open-minded狭隘的生活态度 a parochial outlook toward life喜欢独处的solitary内向的 a

37、dj. reserved富有同情心的 adj. compassionate不爱多说话的 adj. reticent让某人逐渐放得开 bring a person out of his/ her shell本意虽好但把事情做砸了的 adj. well-intentioned/ well-meaning自我欺骗 n. self-deception爱骗人的 adj. deceitful自信的 adj. assertive/ self-assured容忍的 adj. tolerant机灵的 adj. witty有智慧的 adj. wise体贴人的 adj. considerate/ thoughtfu

38、l理解他人的，善解人意的 adj. understanding口齿清楚的，表达能力强的 adj. articulate很逗的 adj. amusing极度搞笑的 adj. hilarious过于自我的 adj. egotistical漠然的 adj. indifferent (to )孤立的 adj. isolated喜欢虚荣的 adj. vain懒散的 adj. laid-back很友善的 adj. congenial优雅的 adj. elegant graceful好朋友 n. chum花束 n. bouquet杰出的 adj. prominent(人)老练的，(工具)复杂高端的 adj.

39、 sophisticated顽强的 adj. touch琐碎的adj. trivialEnvironment污染物 n. pollutant尽可能减少，最小化 vt. minimize倾倒 vt. dump循环使用 vt. recycle灌溉 n. irrigation居住于 vt. inhabit节约使用 v. conserve保护 v. preserve再利用 v. reuse/ recycle短缺 n. shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack污染 v. pollute生态系统 the ecosystem有益于环保的 adj. eco-friendly环境恶化 e

40、nvironmental degradation/ environmental deterioration当地的居民 local resident/ local inhabitants紫外线 ultraviolet (UV) rays皮肤癌 skin cancer防晒霜 n. sunscreen有毒的 adj. poisonous/ toxic无毒的 adj. non-toxic免疫系统 immune system一次性的 adj. disposable(人)吸入 vt. inhale负面影响 adverse effects 沙尘暴 n. sandstorm砍伐森林 n. deforestat

41、ion可以被环境吸收的 adj. biodegradable联合的 joint effort/ concerted effort国际社会而不是国际社区 the international community臭氧层 ozone layer对形成压力 put a strain on有环保意识的 adj. environmentally-conscious不可逆的 adj. irreversible化学反应 chemical reactions安静的，宁静的 tranquil and serene有限的自然资源 limited/ finite natural resources替代性能源 alter

42、native energy商品包装的总称 n. packaging污染 vt. contaminate二氧化碳排放 carbon dioxide emission(s)汽车尾气 exhaust fumes酸雨 acid rain冰川 n. glacier排放(污染物) vt. discharge可持续发展 sustainable development节约 vt. conserve植被 n. vegetation光合作用 n. photosynthesis太阳能 solar energy风能 wind energy核能 nuclear energy水电 n. hydropower烟雾重的 ad

43、j. smoggy呼吸系统疾病 respiratory disease极大的痛苦 n. agony人造的 adj. artificial改变，变更 vt. alter适当的 adj. appropriate愤慨的 adj. indignant鼓励环保 go green开采自然资源 exploit natural resources热带雨林 n. rainforests侵蚀 vt. erode连锁反应 chain reaction水波效应，连锁反应 ripple effect蝴蝶效应，连锁反应 butterfly effect彻底改变我们的生活 reshape our lives贫瘠的土地 ba

44、rren/ infertile land肥沃的土地 fertile land警惕 n.&vt. caution化肥 chemical fertilizer杀虫剂 n. pesticide丰富的，充裕的 adj. abundant辐射 n. radiation(多指对环境、建筑等)破坏 wreak havoc on sth.恶化 v. deteriorate/ aggravate生态平衡 ecological balance ecological equilibrium可持续发展 sustainable development环保主义者 n. environmentalists/ conserv

45、ationists对环境无害的 adj. environmentally-friendly各国必须携手解决环境问题 countries on this planet must join forces/ make a concerted effort unite/ combat environmental problems增强公众关于的意识 raise (or elevate) the public awareness of sth.让资源承受很大压力 put a strain on the resources/ stretch resources to the limit破坏自然环境 wrea

46、k havoc on natural resources砍伐森林 n. deforestation增加农产品产量 boost crop yield可再生资源 renewable resources消耗 v. consume/ deplete用尽 use up exhaust严厉的措施 n. harsh actions/ measures某一地区所有生物总称 the wildlife in a region生物的多样性 n. biodiversity污水 n. effluent/ sewage温室效应 greenhouse effect严重的 adj. severe白色污染产生的垃圾 non-b

47、iodegradable garbage谴责而不是纵容 condemn rather than condone sth.肥沃的土壤 fertile soil贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil耕地 n. arable landFamily老年人 elderly people/ senior citizens亲情 family bonds/ family ties家庭观念 family values增强，加固 vt. strengthen/ reinforce配偶 n. spouse家里的孩子 n. offspring兄弟姐妹 n. sibling(s)兄弟姐妹间的互相竞争 n. sibli

48、ng rivalry表兄弟/姐妹 n. cousin家务事 household chores相互的支持与谅解 n. give-and-take性格冲突 personality clash家庭用品，特别常指家电 household appliances被所拖累 be tied down by代沟 generation gap家人 ones immediate family亲戚 ones relatives只有父母和孩子一起住的小家庭 nuclear family一大家子人 extended family社区 n. neighborhood依恋 attachment to / affinity f

49、or对的依恋 an attachment to sth./ an affinity for sth.传家宝 family heirloom家庭团聚 family reunion血浓于水 Blood is thicker than water.归属感 a sense of belonging单亲家庭 single-parent households虐待 v. mistreat violence家庭暴力 domestic violence毒品上瘾 addiction to drugs/ be addicted to drugs和谐 n. harmonyIntro段介绍背景：在当代Currently

50、,At present,In contemporary/modern society,Nowadays,In the present age,Today,表示重要的词：Key/ essential/ vital/ important/ significant/ critical/ indispensable play a key role in is increasingly important in our daily life.表示问题严重：The problem of is becoming increasingly severe/worrying/disturbing.引起讨论Rece

51、ntly, the rise in problem of/phenomenon ofhas cause/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.Recently, the rise in problem of/phenomenon ofhas been brought into focus.is yet another new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now.are playing important roles in our lives.Whether has been a top

52、ic of discussion.Whether sparks much debate.are playing important roles in our lives.Whether has been a topic of discussion.Whether sparks much debate.Heated controversies over+Topic陈述观点：别人的观点：It is widely (generally/ commonly/ extensively/ universally) accepted thatNow, it is commonly/generally/wid

53、ely believed/held/acknowledge thatGenerally speaking,It is understandable for some people to hold the opinion thatIt is widely recognized/acknowledged thatNow people in growing/significant numbers begin/come to realize/accept thatNow there is a growing awareness of the necessity toNow people become

54、increasingly aware of the importance ofPerhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitudes/idea thatIt is a well-known fact that用于表达个人观点：When asked about, the vast majority of people say that, but I think/view a bit differently.When it comes to, some people believe that, others argue/claim that

55、 the opposite is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to the/prefer that/the latter.They claim/believe/argue thatBut I wonder/doubt whetherI think thatPersonally (speaking), I believe/ hold the view/perspective thatI am convinced thatAs far as I am concerned,I tend to believe thatI firmly believe t