unit8-现在完成时讲解

1、助动词助动词have (has)+过去分词过去分词done现在完成时：现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的成的影响影响或或结果结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。动作或保存的状态。结构：结构： 主语主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词一般疑问句一般疑问句： have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt. 1. 现在完成时动词构成现在完成时动词构成have /has + v

2、过去分词过去分词助动词助动词否定否定haventhasnt疑问疑问Have you?Has he?常与下列时间状语连用：常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before already 多用于肯定句；多用于肯定句；yet多用于否定句和疑问句末。多用于否定句和疑问句末。1.现在完成时用来表示现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成过去发生或已完成的动作或状态的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果对现在造成的影响或结果,也也就是说就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在现在还存在. I have lost my wal

3、let.我丢了我的钱包我丢了我的钱包(含义是含义是:现在我没有钱花了现在我没有钱花了.) Jane den has just had it.简刚吃过饭了简刚吃过饭了(含义是含义是:简现在不饿了简现在不饿了.) Lily has been ill.莉莉病了。莉莉病了。(含义是含义是:现在仍然很虚弱现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroadbr:d . 他从国外返他从国外返回了。回了。(含义是含义是:现在已在此地现在已在此地) 比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：*现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对

4、现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。*一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。连用。I have seen the film.(我了解这部电影的内容。我了解这部电影的内容。)I saw the film last week.（只说明上星期看了这部（只说

5、明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）电影，不涉及现在的情况。）3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在与现在 的结果无关。的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下：的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in

6、the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Beijing. (He went to Beijing and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去北京了。爸爸已经去北京了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。他们买了一本字典。注意注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出过去时间的状语现在完成时不能和明确指出过去时间的状语(如如: yesterday, last, year, in 1

7、976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等等)连用连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如如: already, yet, ever, never, before, recently, lately等等)连用连用； 时间状语：时间状语： already, just, yet, ever, never, before、recently（最近，近来）（最近，近来）, lately（近来，最近）（近来，最近）, since for, in the past few years. Just 用于用于助动词后实义动词前助动词后

8、实义动词前, 表表示示“刚刚刚刚”Eg. Ive just had breakfast.(1) “仍然，还仍然，还 ” 用在疑问句和否定句用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。中，放在句末。I havent read this book yet .Have you had breakfast yet ?already:Yet:“已经已经”通常用于肯定句中通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。放在句中。 I have already read this book.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。 Have you eaten up all the food already ?“从来不

9、从来不” 用在否定句中用在否定句中,放在句放在句中。中。 Is he famous ?I have never heard of him .evernever“曾经曾经”通常用于疑问句通常用于疑问句和肯定句中和肯定句中,放在句中。放在句中。 I have ever seen this film.Have you ever been to the USA ? 1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _ 2. I saw this film last week. Now

10、, I know this film because I_. 3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before have done it.上一页下一页I have learnt English forI have learnt English for ten years. ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10年的英语。年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在

11、学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)什么样的句子用完成时？什么样的句子用完成时？主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在还可能继续下去的动作或现在还可能继续下去的动作或状态状态, , 这时的时间状语通常与这时的时间状语通常与sincesince（自从）（自从） + + 过去的时间点过去的时间点，for + for + 一段时间，一段时间，so farso far（到目前为止）（到目前为止） 等时间

12、状语连用等时间状语连用。1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段时间一段时间2. since +从句(一般过去时) 时间点时间段+ago (表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg. I have been here since 1995. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.She began to work in 2005.She still works here

13、now. She has worked at this school for 10 years. now past I began to teach English at this school fiveyears ago.I have taught English at this school for five years.用法用法2 2：过去发生的动作一直过去发生的动作一直延续延续到现在。到现在。 1. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I _ for four years. 2. We went to

14、the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _ (stay) in the USA since last Monday. have workedhave stayed总结现在完成时：总结现在完成时：1、构成：、构成：have / has +过去分词过去分词。2、概念：、概念：(1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在 成的影响或结果。成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用常与下列状语连用:already, just, yet, ever, never, before(2)表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表表示过去

15、已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在现在”在内）的一在内）的一段时间的状语连用。段时间的状语连用。 a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。和表示一段时间的词组连用。如：如：for 3 years b.since和表示过去某一和表示过去某一时间点/since引导从句(一般过去时）。如：如：since 1997, since two years ago,since last week so far（到目前为止）（到目前为止）不能说不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He

16、has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine months.* I have received his letter for a month.可以说可以说:He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. H

17、is grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received his letter for almost a month.比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：*现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。*一般过去时表示的是过去发生的

18、动作或状态，和一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。连用。I have seen the film.(我了解这部电影的内容。我了解这部电影的内容。)I saw the film last week.（只说明上星期看了这部（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）电影，不涉及现在的情况。）3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在与现在 的结果无关。的结果无关。现在完

19、成时与一般过去时在意义上现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下：的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a d

20、ictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。他们买了一本字典。注意注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等等)连用连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, re

21、cently, lately等等)连用连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：如：today, this morning, this week, this year等等)连用连用。everjustalreadyyete.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此有此类副

22、词时类副词时,常强调动作完成常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续不强调动作的持续. ( 1).for+表示表示一段一段时间的短语时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示表示过去时间点过去时间点的词语的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语表示过去时间的时间状语从句从句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.forsincesince现在完成时句中常见的时间状语现在完成时

23、句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体不能是具体 的过去时间。的过去时间。过去分词的构成 2,不规则动词.参看137页 不规则动词表 4a Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.1. A: Would you like something to drink? B: No, thanks. _. (just/ drink some tea)2. A: I heard you lost your key. _? (find) B: No, not yet.I have just

24、drunk some teaHave you found it3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? B: _. (already/ leave) A: When _? (leave) B: This morning.4. A: Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight? B: No. _. (already/ see the film)He has already leftdid he leaveShe has already seen the film5. A: What do your pa

25、rents think about our plan? B: I _. (not/ tell them/yet)havent told them yet4b Sally _ (love) reading. In the morning she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She _ already _ (read) more than 100 different books. Her favorite kind of books is science fiction. She is interested in

26、science and technology and loves to imagine what the world _ (be) like in 50 years. She _ (finish) reading a book about robots last week and _ (write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she _ (not read) yet and she c

27、ant wait to read them.1.cant wait to do:迫不及待做某事，迫不及待做某事， My parents cant wait to see the result of my final exam.(1) cant help doing:禁不住禁不住- When my parents got the mark of my final exam, they couldnt help crying.loveshasreadwill befinishedwill writehasnt read4c. Complete the chart with information

28、about you and a friend.A: What books have you already read?B: Ive already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter.A: What do you think of them?B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好几次了。我等他等了好几次了。I have been waiting for him fo

29、r an hour. 我等他等了一小时。我等他等了一小时。He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。他一直在喝咖啡。改写句子改写句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _ _ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two

30、minutes ago. The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4.He has had the motorbike for two years. Its two years _he _ the motorbike. He _ the motorbike two years _. Two years _ _ since he _ the motor bike.hasreturned fromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagohas passedboughtfiction n. 小说小说 (不可数）不可数）te

31、chnology n. 科技，工艺科技，工艺 French n.法语法语Frence 法国法国French man达标检测题： 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空二、用所给动词的适当形式填空.1.I_already_(see)the film.I_(see)it last week.2._ he _(finish) his work today Not yet .3._you _(be)to Hong Kong Yes,I _(be)there twice .4._ you ever _(eat )chocolate sundaes?No,never.5.My father _just _(come

32、) back from work.He is tired now.haveseensawHasfinishedHavebeenhave been Haveeatenhascome 6.Wheres Li Ming?He_ (go)to the teachers office.7.Shanghai _(be) a small town hundreds of years ago.Now it _ (become) a large city.8.I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.9.So far I _ (make) quite a few

33、 friends here.10.How long _the Wangs _(stay) here?For two weeks. has gonewashas becomehave worked movedhave madehavestayed 句型转换(每空一词).1.I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)I _ _ been to Macau before.2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill.(就划线部分提问)_ _ he come to school?3.He has learned English for

34、5 years.(就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ learned English 4.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改写)I _ just _ a new bike.5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)We _ _English _three yearshave notWhy hasntHow long has hehaveboughthave learnedfor .用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _?No,n

35、ot _.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _ yetyetalreadyyet 用 since或 for1) We have learned five lessons _the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week.3) I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.sincesincefor 用have gone或 have

36、been1) Where are the boy students They _to the school factory.2) Is your father in?No,he _ to Shenzhen._ he ever_there before?Yes,he _ there several times3) He asked me if I _ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _never _ to that city before.have gonehas goneHasgo

37、nehas beenhave beenhavebeen 用用for 或或since填空填空1.Jill has been in Ireland_ last Monday.2.Jill has been in Ireland_ three days.3.My aunt has lived in Australia_ 15 days.4.Margaret is in her office.She has been there _7 oclock.5.India has been an independent country_ 1974.6.The bus is late.Weve been wai

38、ting_ 20 minutes.7.Nobody lives in those houses.They have been empty_many years.8.Mike has been ill a long time.He has been in hospital _ Octobersinceforforsincesinceforforsince 单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He

39、 has _ been to Shanghai， has he ？ A. already B.never C.ever D. still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far. Yes. I hope it will be even _.

40、 A. has changed ； well B. changed ； good C. has changed ； better D. changed ； betterBBCDC 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years. A. was ； studying B. will ； study C. has ； studied D. are ； studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew 8、H

41、arry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see 9、These farmers have been to the United States. Really ？ When _ there ？ A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet？ Yes . I _ it a moment ago. A. Did； do； finished B.

42、Have； done； finished C. Have； done； have finished D. will； do； finishCCBBB 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 12、Do you know him well ？ Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 13、How long have you _ here？ About two months. A.