(完整版)最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习_(精华版)

1、1 高中英语之“主谓一致” （*）主谓一致的概念。 所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间，即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓 语动词对应的形式）。 （一）主谓一致的种类 一、【语法一致】 1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候 ，谓语动词有以下两种情况： （1）如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候 ，谓语动词用复数。 He and she _ both stude nts of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。 （2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物 ，或者指同一概念的时候，谓语要用单数。 The sin ger and dancer

2、_ going to give us a performa nee. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork _ on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。 2. 如果主语是 不定式，动词ing形式或主语从句 的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。 When he is coming seems very importa nt. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。 Collect ing stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 To love her is not to break her win gs. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。 3. 定语从

3、句的 关系代词who, which，that在从句中作主语时，要与 先行词 的人称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom，who is your friend，should help you. with，along with，together with，as well as，besides，like，without，except，but，in cludi ng 女口果句子中有这 些连接词和主语连用，谓语动词的数 随主语的变化 而变化。 例如： The teacher，together with his students，is plant

4、ing trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。 二、意义一致原则 指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。 （有的主语名词在形式上是单数，但在意义上却是复数；有 的主语名词在形式上是复数，但在意义上却是单数。） 不定代词all，more，some，any，none作主语，谓语动词视情况而定。 All of the apples _ rotte n. 所有的苹果都烂了 All of the apple _ rotte n. 整个苹果都烂了。 2 None of the money _ left. 没有剩下一点钱。3 None of the students _ th

5、ere. 没有学生在那里。 2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of 在句子中加名词作主语的时候 ,谓语 动词与 of 后面的名词保持一致 。 Half of the students _ finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。 Half of the apple _ bad. 一半的苹果坏了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school _ boys. 我们学校 , 大约百分之六十的学生是男生

6、 . 3. 集合名词作主语 , 动词可用单数 , 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单 数；指全体人员时 , 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有 public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group 。 His family _ going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family _ all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。 4. 某些名词如 people, police, cattle 等 ,形式上是单数 , 但意义上是复数 , 谓语动词应用复数。 people 指 “民族”时是例外。

7、 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill. 5. 复合不定代词作主语 , 谓语动词要用单数，如 someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 。 Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。 一些有

8、两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时， 谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等。但如果主语用“ a kind of, a pair of , a series of 等加 名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 如： The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。 7.某些名词以 s 结尾如 maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，

9、谓语动词应用单数。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。 如： 不定代词 each, every, no 所修饰的名词 即使以 and 或逗号连接成多主语时 ，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中 and 连接的单数名词 , 整个短语 在句中作主语时 , 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. Each man and each woman i

10、s asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. No sound and no voice is heard. 9. 以a number of 作主语时，谓语动词用复数；以the 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。 听不到任何声音。 4 number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A nu mber of new books are on the desk. The nu mber of stude nts in you class is 50. 10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样 ，作主语的时候，其谓

11、语动词由上下文决定 ,这一类名词有： means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chin ese, Japa nese 等。 Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。 11. 如果主语有 more than one很多 非常或 many a许多 . 构成，one and a half与单数名词组成的 短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。 如： More tha n one stude nt has read the book. Many

12、a girl has bee n there. 但是，more +复数名词+than one ”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。 如： More members than one are against your plan. A pair of shoes was on the desk. Ma ny a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。 12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时 ，谓语动词常用单数。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous America n no vel. 三、 就近原

13、则 either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or 在句子中连接主语的时候或者在 there be 句 型中，谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。 Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table. Not only the stude nts but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 四、 就前原则 as well as, together with, but, except

14、,like,besides , ratherthan 在句子中连接主语的时候 ，谓 语动词要与前面的主语保持一致 Everybody except you is dow n on me. 除了你，大家都看不起我。 A woma n with two childre n has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了 Joh n, rather tha n his roommates, is to blame. 约翰，而不是他的室友，应受责备 Jim, together with his classmates, has see n the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看看过这电影 注意事项 t

15、his kind of book = a book of this kind （ 这种书），其谓语用单数；短语 this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men （ 口语）（这一类人），但 this kind of men 的谓语用单数，men of this kind 和 5 these kind of men 的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。 例如： This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous. 2. 在主谓倒装的

16、句子中 ,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如 : Between the two windows hangs a picture. 3. “分数或百分数 +名词”构成的短语以及由 “ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时 ,其谓语动词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一致 ,这 是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词 ,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如 : Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three

17、-fourths of the earth s surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women. 和这种情况类似的还有“ a number of + 名词复数”。但是 ,“ the number of + 名词”的中心词却是 number 。试比较： A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest. The number of pages in this book is two h

18、undred. a （large） quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词 , 其短语作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people is needed here. quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词 ,其短语作主语时 ,谓语动词一般用复数。 例如 : Quantities of food （nuts） were on the table. 短语 in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量” ; in small quantities 意为“少量” 。 4. a great deal of, a la

19、rge amount of, 修饰不可数名词 , 其短语作主语时 , 谓语动词通常用单数 ; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词 , 其短语作主语时 , 谓语动词通常用复数。例如 : 5. 表示数量的 one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式 , 但是其短语作主语时 ,谓语动词用单数形式。 例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table. . 6. 单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用 复数形式。这类名词有： sheep, deer, means（方法、手段）,works

20、（工厂）,species（种类） 7. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture. 高中英语主谓一致专项练习题及答案 从 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中 ,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _ been planted. A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has 2. Th

21、e number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is 3. What _ the population of China? One-third of the population _ workers here. A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is 4.

22、Not only he but also we _ right. He as well as we _ right. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are 5. What he d like _ a digital watch. What he d like _ textbooks. 6 A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is7 6. He is one of the boys who _ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _ her

23、e on time. A. has come; have come B. have come; has come C. has come; has come D. have come; have come 7. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present? A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is 8. Many a professor _ looking forward to visiting Germany now. M

24、any scientists _ studied animals and plants in the last two years. A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are 9. A knife and a fork _ on the table. A knife and fork _ on the table. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are 10. Her family _ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _ dan

25、cing and singing when I came in last night. A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were 11. How and why Jack came to China _ not known. When and where to build the new library _ not been decided. A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; have 12. Now Tom together with his classmates _ footb

26、all on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing 13. Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A. is B. are C. were D. be 14. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was 15. Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman

27、and child _ about it. A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks 16. We each _ strong points and each of us on the other hand _ weak points. A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; has 17. My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time. A. race B. races C. is raced D. is r

28、acing 18. There _ a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have 19. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night. A. is B. are C. were D. was 20. Climbing hills _ of great help to health. A. is B. are C. were D. be 21. Time and tide _ for no ma

29、n. 22. The injured in the tsunami _ good care of by some medical teams. A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken 23. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited. A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made 24. On the closet _ a pair of trousers his parents bought for hi

30、s birthday. A. lying B. lies C. lie D. is laid 25. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A. wait B. waited C. is waiting D. has waited 8 26. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. is; is C. i

31、s; are D. are; are 27. Is there anybody in the classroom ? No, the teacher, together with the students _ to the playground. A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone 28. Are these your sheep ? No. Mine _ on grass at the foot of the hill. A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding 29. Sitting at the

32、 back of the room but in front of some old men and women _ a very shy girl with two bright eyes. A. was B. are C. were D. there was 30. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _ going to Japan next week. A. are B. is C. will be D. would be 31. Not the teacher but the students _ excited. A. is

33、B. has C. are D. have 32. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you. A. are B. was C. is D. were 33. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; isA. is B. was C. are D. wer

34、e 9 答案及部分解析： 1-5 CBABC 6-10 BBACB 11-15 ADAAB 16-20 DBBDA 21-26 ABCBBD 27-33 C A A B C C D 1. “分数或百分数 +of the+ 名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词或代词的单、 复数形式。 2. “ the number of+ 名词”作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。 “a number of+ 名词” 作主语，谓语动词 常用复数形式。 3. “分数或百分数 +of the population ”作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。 4. or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等 (关联 )连词连接两个并列主语时， 谓语动词的数按 “就 近原则”处理。注意：即使在疑问句中，动词的数也应与最近的主语保持一致。 as well as 连接两个并 列主语时，谓语动词的数应与前一主语保持一致。 5. what 引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。但当作表语的名词为复数，或 what 从 句是一个具有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词常用复数形式 ,如： What I say and think are no business of yours. 6. 在one of +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从