语法分词作定语

1、分词作定语分词作定语现在分词现在分词 动名词动名词不定式不定式一般式一般式doing doing to do进行式进行式 X Xto be doing被动式被动式being done being done to be done完成式完成式having donehaving doneto have done完成被动式完成被动式having been donehaving been doneto have been done否定式否定式not doingnot doingnot to do复合结构复合结构Tom doing Toms/his doingfor sb to do增加词性增加词性语法成

2、分语法成分 adj. adv.定表补状定表补状n.主表宾定主表宾定n. adj. adv.主表宾定状补主表宾定状补分词作定语分词作定语分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，一般放在被之后；单个分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：修饰的名词之前。例如：The man standing at the window is our teacher.A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔；转业不聚财滚石不生苔；转业不聚财 现在分词和过去分词作前置定语的区别现在分词和过去分词作前置定语的区别1. 现在分词

3、表示正在进行的主动动作：现在分词表示正在进行的主动动作： the rising sun = the sun that is rising a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子熟睡的孩子 boiling water 沸水沸水 a waiting crowd2.现在分词表现在分词表示主动但不在进行：示主动但不在进行：He is a promising student. 有前途的学生有前途的学生 remaining days 剩下的岁月剩下的岁月 an embarrassing position 窘境窘境现在分词和过去分词作前置定语的区别现在分词和过去分词作前置定语的区别 3. 过去分词表示

4、被动且有时已完成的含义：过去分词表示被动且有时已完成的含义： the risen sun = the sun that has just risen fried eggs 煎蛋煎蛋 required course boiled water 开（过的）水开（过的）水 4.过去分词表过去分词表示完成且有主动的含义（仅限于示完成且有主动的含义（仅限于某些不及物动词的过去分词作定语）某些不及物动词的过去分词作定语） escaped prisoners 逃犯逃犯 returned students 归国留学生归国留学生 retired workers 退休工人退休工人 departed friend 离

5、去的朋友离去的朋友 过去分词用在表示情绪的词语中：过去分词用在表示情绪的词语中：He gave a satisfied smile. 他给了个满意的微笑他给了个满意的微笑 a frightened glance a worried look an excited scream his embarrassed expression但是：但是：relaxed/relaxing environment惊恐的扫视惊恐的扫视他的尴尬的举止他的尴尬的举止放松的环境放松的环境愁容愁容激动的尖叫声激动的尖叫声注意：注意：当被修饰的词与分词是被动关系但分词动作正当被修饰的词与分词是被动关系但分词动作正在发生时用

6、在发生时用being done形式表示形式表示:区别：区别：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. The film shown in the cinema was exciting. Change the following complex sentences into simple ones.Do you know the young man who is waiting outside the school gate?Do you know the young man waiting outside the school gate?

7、There seems to be something wrong with the cat that is lying at the corner of the street.There seems to be something wrong with the cat lying at the corner of the street.Can you show me any word which begins with the letter “x”?Can you show me any word beginning with the letter “x”?Shanghai is a cit

8、y which is changing rapidly. Shanghai is city changing rapidly.The teacher stood among the children who were laughing.The teacher stood among the laughing children.The man who was wearing a blue shirt and blue jeans was caught shortly after he had left the bank.The man wearing a blue shirt and blue

9、jeans was caught shortly after he had left the bank.Last night we eventually got the message which concerned the special meeting.Last night we eventually got the message concerning the special meeting.Many of the students who hope to enter the university will be disappointed because only one-tenth o

10、f those who apply for admission will be accepted.Many of the students hoping to enter the university will be disappointed because only one tenth of those applying for admission will be accepted.Exercises 一、分析句子结构一、分析句子结构1._many times , but he still couldnt understand it.2. _many times , he still cou

11、ldnt understand it. A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been toldCA&D3. _to the left , youll find the post office.4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office.5. _to the left , and youll find the post office. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. TurnedACC二、分析逻辑主语二、分析逻辑主语1.

12、 _no buses , we have to walk home.2. _Sunday， I shall have a quiet day at home. A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being AD三、分析语态三、分析语态1._from space , the earth looks blue.2._from space , we can see the earth is blue. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. SeeAB3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl h

13、ung them up outside. 4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside. A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washedBD四、分析时态四、分析时态1.The building _now will be a restaurant. 2. The building _next year will be a restaurant.3. The building _last year is a restaurant. A. having been built

14、B. to be built C. being built D. built CBD4.He stood there _ for his mother.5. _for two hours , he went away. A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited6.What is the reason for _there? A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go ADC1. _wont be of much help. A .Toms goin

15、g B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes2. _a teacher , I should set a good example to students. A. Being B. Having been C. To being D. As I being3. _a teacher ,one must first be their pupil. A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. To have been4. They suggested _ the sports meet till next Tuesday. A. us to put off B. our putting off C. us of putting off D. we put off5. As the stone was