董亚芬大学英语精读(第三版)第1册教案-Unit3

1、Unit 3 The PresentI. Background information1. Traditional Birthday Celebration in Western CountriesIn the West, it is customary to hold a party in celebration of a persons birthday. The guests will come to the party with birthday presents and say “Happy Birthday” to the birthday person. The guests t

2、hen watch him or her open the presents and he or she thanks them for the presents they have brought. At the party drinks and food are served. Toward the end of the dinner the lights in the room are turned off, and someone comes in from another room with a cake on which are lighted candles, one for e

3、ach year. At the sight of the cake the guests begin singing “Happy Birthday to You” and the birthday person makes a wish before he or she blows out the candles on the cake. It is said that the wish will come true if all the candles go out in one puff. After that, the cake is cut in slices usually by

4、 the birthday person, one piece for each guest. When the party comes to an end, the guests wish the birthday person “Happy Birthday” again and leave.2. Important birthdays in the WestAt 21, the age of majority (now lowered to 18 in many countries), one becomes an adult. Usually the family has a big

5、party for the new adult and a major presentan expensive watch or a caris given him or her. The present, of course, various from family to family.Any birthday past 70 is celebrated in a special way by family members just because the birthday person is getting old and may die before another birthday c

6、omes round. That is why the author of The Present says “eighty was a special birthday”.And then, 100the centennial birthdayis generally regarded as an unusual occasion because few people reach it. The centenarian may even receive a telegram or a letter of congratulations from prominent political fig

7、ures, such as the Prime Minister and the Queen if the anniversary is celebrated in Britain. Again the family may hold a party attended by relatives and surviving friends as well. Among other things the centenarian takes delight in counting great grandchildren and grandchildren at the party.New Words

8、1. rare: adj. not happen / see often; (of a substance, esp. atmosphere)thin, not denseExample: Environments were able to preserve the rare turtle before it reached.Natural resources are rare in this region.The higher we go above the earth, the rarer the air is.Would you like it rare, medium, or well

9、-done? rare / scarce rare: 长期缺少而珍贵的东西，还可以表示“频率低的，罕见的，缺少的”如：a rare book珍本，a rare metal稀有金属。 scarce: 暂时缺乏从而不足的东西。Example: Food and fuel are getting scarce.2. occasion: n. 1) special event; time when sth happensExample: Let me take this occasion to say: “Congratulation”.2) to cause sthExample: Your beh

10、avior has occasioned us a lot of trouble.on occasion: sometimesExample: We go to Hong Kong for holiday on occasion.on the occasion of: 值之际Example: We received this present on the occasion of our silver wedding.3. content: adj. / n. / v. pleased to do sth; satisfied to do sthExample:He is content wit

11、h his life at present. Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace and content and all previously neglected matters were taken care of. (CET-4, 2006, 6,词汇)由于他的出色管理，人们安居乐业，所有先前被忽视的问题都得到了解决。be content to do sth 愿意做Example: She is content to live with her mother-in-law.to ones hearts

12、 content: 尽情的Example: The school being over, the children were allowed to watch TV to their hearts content.一言辨异Example: The poor are often contented, but a miser is never satisfied.穷人常知足，守财奴则永不满足。4. arrange: vi. make preparations; planExample: I will arrange for my secretary to pick you up. We have

13、arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be flexible and go another day.(CET-4, 2005, 12,词汇)5. operate: v.Example: The machine is not operating properly.operate on sb (for some disease) 给某人动手术治某病Example: You can get a private doctor to operate on him.6. efficient: 【ef-(out)+fic(do)+-(i)ent

14、(的)】able to plan or work wellExample: The new secretary is a quick, efficient worker, and the boss is quiet satisfied with her. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after 1970s energy crisis revealed in door air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall cover

15、ing and carpet.(CET-4, 2006, 6, 完形)20世纪70年代能源危机后， 为了高效利用能源而建造的密封商务大楼内存在着由于油漆、墙面粉刷及地毯等物质所引起的空气质量问题。7. endure: 【en-(to make)+dure(sustain)】to bear (suffering, pain, etc)Example: He conquers who endure. 坚持就是胜利。 endure / bear / stand “忍受，忍耐” endure中含（持续，持久），所以它表示的忍受是指长时间忍受困难或不幸， 强调持久力和意志坚定。 bear原义“负担，承担

16、”因而它强调忍受者对疼痛、忧虑、责任的承受力。 stand有“站立而不倒”的含义，因而它强调“不屈不挠”或“经受得起”。8. spot: 1) n. round area that is different from the main surface; a placeExample: She wears a white dress with green spot.This is the spot where the two cars collided.2) v. to recognize; to make sth dirtyExample: His collar was spotted wit

17、h ink.The bank clerk spotted the counterfeit note.on the spot当场，在现场Example: He drew a revolver and shot the enemy on the spot.9. bunch: 1) n. things of the same kind that tied togetherExample: Miss White received a bunch of flowers from her admirer.2) v. to get togetherExample: The children bunched

18、together in groups in the playground. bundle / bunch bundle捆，扎，包(从中部捆扎在一起的东西)a bundle of letters/ a bundle of firewood bunch束，串（章程一束或结于一端的东西）a bunch of grapes/ a bunch of flowers/ a bunch of keys/ a bunch of bananas10. reluctant: adj. unwillingExample: He gave me reluctant assistance.be reluctant to

19、 do sth: be unwilling to do sthExample: She was very reluctant to admit the truth.11. flutter: vi. to move quickly to and fro in the airExample: The flag fluttered in the breeze. I lingered round them, under that benign sky: watched the moths fluttering among the heath and harebells; listened to the

20、 soft wind breathing through the grass; and wondered how anyone could ever imagine unquiet slumbers for the sleeps in that quiet earth.在那温和的露天，我在那三块墓碑前留恋徘徊，望着飞蛾在石楠从中和钟柳树中闪扑着翼翅，倾听着柔风在草上飘过的呼吸声，不禁感到奇怪，怎么会有人能够想象，在这么一片安静的土地下面，那长眠者怎会不得安睡呢。（艾米丽. 勃朗特呼啸山庄）collection:skim clear低飞掠过 soar向上直飞 glide滑行 hover 盘旋 f

21、loat漂浮flutter振翅而飞12. stoop: vi. bend the body forwards and downwards / Example: She stooped to pick up her keys.My mother walks with a stoop. (n.弯腰，弓背) stoop to do降低身份以求Example: He would stoop to do anything for profit. stoop to (doing) sth堕落到的地步Example: He had stooped to stealing money from his par

22、ents.13. tremble: vi. shake uncontrollable with quick and short movementsExample: His voice trembled with anger.(因而颤抖)The leaves tremble in the breeze. shake, quiver, tremble shake“颤抖，震动”可用于任何运动，常常有粗鲁或不规则的含义。Example: He shook her violently by the shoulders. quiver“颤动”表示类似琴弦振动的轻微的，迅速的振动。Example: He l

23、ip quivered and then she started to cry. tremble“哆嗦，发抖”多指因胆怯、愤怒而发抖。14. at other times在别的时候，平时Example: The old woman seldom came downstairs at other times.collection:at times有时 at all times在任何时候at one time曾经 all the time一直against time争分夺秒的 ahead of time提前15. after all一言辨异You should not scolded the bo

24、y at all, he is a child after all; above all, he made only two mistakes in all.你根本不该责备那个男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子；更重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。 not at all: in any way after all: in spite of everything above all: most importantly in all: as a total16. be sure of: be sure of/ be sure to be sure of winning“自己相信自己会胜利”Example: The

25、y are sure of fulfilling the task ahead of schedule.他们相信自己有把握提前完成任务。 be sure to win “相信别人会胜利”Example: They are sure to fulfill the task ahead of schedule.（我们相信）他们一定能提前完成任务。.warm-up questions1. Do you often call your parents? What do you usually talk about with your parents on the phone?Yes, I often

26、call my parents. I usually ask about their health and daily life and tell them all the good things about myself.2. Do you know your parents birthday? What do you usually do to celebrate their birthday?Yes, I know my parents birthdays. When I lived them before, I used to buy them flowers, cakes or co

27、ok dinner for them to celebrate their birthdays. In recent years, I can only make a phone call and send my presents to them.3. Suppose your mother were fifty tomorrow. What birthday present would you send her?I will call her and give my best wishes to her, and send her a red sweater because she has

28、never been in red. I hope this color can bring her good luck and health forever. Language points1. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came.(L2-5)1) 本句是由

29、and引导的并列句，前一句中when引导时间状语从句，而后一句中的when引导的是定语从句，修饰occasions2）What can we learn from this part?The old ladys daughter and her relatives and friends seldom sent her letters or parcels. If anything did come by post, the boy would bring it up for her.2. Myra wouldnt forget her mothers birthday, even if sh

30、e seldom wrote at other times.(L6-7)1) 主干：Myra wouldnt forget her mothers birthday. 后面的even if引导让步状语从句。2) even if：although, thoughExample: He was determined to carried out his plan, even if he had lung cancer.3) seldom: adv. not oftenExample: They seldom watch television these days.Paraphrase:Myra w

31、ouldnt forget her mothers birthday, although she did not often write to her mother on other occasions.3. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged.(L7-9)1) make: vt. to select or choose sb as sthExample: She made him her assi

32、stant. 2) the aged: old people定冠词the和某些形容词和分次连用表示一类人或物，为复数概念。如：the poor穷人，the sick病人, the wounded伤员，the living活着的人。3) Can you guess what kind of work Myra took?Charitable undertaking.4) What rhetorical device did the author use? Irony.5) And what can we infer from this part?It is quite ironic that M

33、yra did a lot for the old and helpless in the society while she was so thoughtless for her old mother. Therefore the apparent meaning of this sentence is just the opposite to the intended meaning.4. Perhaps perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or en

34、dured just as you chose to look at it.(L21-23)1) 本句中another decade lived or endure是独立结构，作方式状语，其中lived和endure是并列的过去分词, another decade作分词的逻辑主语。分词独立结构可以表示伴随状况、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等。The project finished, they had a two weeks leave.2) choose to do sthMore and more people now are choosing to live alone.3

35、)What does this sentence imply?This is the old ladys soliloquy(内心独白). She expects Myra to come she wishes Myra would come but she has doubts about her coming. The repetition of “perhaps” and the word “might” indicate her uncertainty.Paraphrase: An eightieth birthday is special because not everyone c

36、an live so long. It marks the end of another ten-year period you have lived through or endured, depending on your point of view. 5) Whats the function of “another decade lived or endured”?“Another decade lived or endured” is an absolute construction, serving as an adverbial of manner. In fact, this

37、is a comment made by the author, reminding the reader that life can be enjoyment or suffering and views on life can be different accordingly.5. The little boy, Johnnie, had been up with a packet of mints, and said he wouldnt go out to play until the post had come. (L30-33)1) 本句中Johnnie是the little bo

38、y的同位语。同位语是用来对名词或代词做进一步解释的，它可以是单数、短语或从句，从句常常由that或连接副词why, where, when, how等引导。Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.2) notuntil指导才I cannot comment further until I have got all the information.6. I did last week w

39、hen I was six. (L35-36)本句中的did指代上文中提到的 “got lots, and lots presents”以免重复。7. Jim had always liked her in blue. (L41-42)1) 本句中用了过去完成时，表示老太太的丈夫Jim已经过世。2) 介词in在这里指“穿着”。The girl were all dressed in white.She looked so beautiful in her wedding dress.8. So many lovely things. (L43)What does this sentence m

40、ean?There were so many nice things the old woman wanted to have, but she would be very pleased to get any kind of birthday present from her daughter9. Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. (L47)1) What does this sentence suggest?This suggests that the old lady was listeni

41、ng for the boys footsteps in her room, eagerly and attentively.2) What does this sentence imply?Immediately she felt very disappointed and her heart began to ache sharply.3) What does this sentence mean?That was the reason why the parcel had not come yet. “That was it” is an idiomatic expression whi

42、ch often means “That explained what had happened”.10. Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. (L54)1) tooto太不能Example: You are too young to understand politics.I was too excited to sleep.11. That was it. (L54)本句中的it指代the reason why the parcel had not come yet.12. Her present, her love

43、ly present. (L60)What does this incomplete sentence indicate?This sentence is equal to an imperative structure. It has a special rhetorical function, showing the old ladys excitement, anger and desperation. Global Reading1. summaryThe text is a very simple story. It gives us an account of what happe

44、ns to the old lady on her eightieth birthday. She gets up early and puts on her best dress. She wishes her daughter would come to see her, though deep down she has her doubts. But one thing is certain: she will get a present from her daughter anyway. So she waits with eagerness. Finally the postman

45、comes; the old woman, however, does not receive the parcel she has been expecting, but a printed birthday card along with a cheque. She is so disappointed, so hurt, that she tears the cheque into small pieces.The story shows us some aspects of the family relationship in Western society and gives us

46、an insight into the frustrations old people suffer.2. division part of the textPart I: (Paras. 1-7) Introduce briefly the old ladys birthday and something about her two daughters.Part II: (Paras. 8-12) Describe what she got from her neighbors and her expectation of her daughters present.Part III: (P

47、aras. 13-21) To her disappointed, her daughter sent her a cheque.3. Discourse Analysis Some Critical Terms in Narrative StoriesSettingwhere and when the story takes placeTime: the old ladys birthdayPlace: on the second floor flatCharacterswhoever takes part in the story (people or animals)the old la

48、dy, Enid, Myra, Johnnie, Mrs. Morrison, Mrs. GrantPloteventThe old lady had expected a present from her daughter Myra and was disappointed to receive only a checkClimaxactionThe moment when the old lady received only a check for her 80th birthday and she tore it into bits with trembling figures.Poin

49、t of viewthe angle from which a story is presentedThe story is in the third personChronological structurethe use of time references to organize the episodes of a story The story is organized through the use of time references.Flashbacka term used to describe any scene or episode which is inserted to

50、 show events that happened at an earlier timeThe old lady recalled how Enid died on the operating table and what Myra had done for her afterwards.Themethe central meaning that is implicit in a storyBlood is thicker than water. Our parents and relatives are more important to us than others.4. Words S

51、canning1) Directions: Scan the text and use some adjectives to describe her two daughters and neighbors attitudes to the old lady.Johnnie Mrs. Morrison helpful, kind, warm-heartedMrs. GrantEnid-considerate, thoughtfulMyra-thoughtless2) Directions: Scan the text again and use some phrases describing

52、the changes of the old ladys actions and feeling.expectation: get up early; be sure of something; put on best dress; might comeconcession:even if; send a presentanother expectationtwo spots of color; excited like a child; stand by the window, watchingdisappointmentfeel a pang of disappointmentconcessionthe parcel too large to come by the postcomplete disappointmentreluctantly; a card; a piece of paper5. What her neighbors did for the old ladys 80th birthday?Mrs. Morrison Mrs. Morrison had given the flat an extra clean yesterday.Tod