河北省平山县2016高考英语阅读理解一轮讲练(4)及答案

1、阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。“Mum，what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton(骨骼) in the closet(衣橱)？” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet？” her mother paused thoughtfully, “Well, its something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if

2、in the past, someone in Dads family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be a skeleton in his familys closet. He really wouldnt want any neighbor to konw about it.”“Why pick on my family？” Jessicas father said with anger. “Your family history isnt so good, you know. Wasnt your greatgreat

3、grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes？” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now，” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.After dinner, the house wa

4、s very quiet. Jessicas parents were still quite angry with each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessicas clos

5、et. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessicas mother sank into a faint(晕倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the worried faces of he

6、r husband and daughter.“What happened? Where am I？” she asked. “You just destroyed the schools skeleton, Mum，” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health project. I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between yo

7、u and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly. “Theyre both crazy，” she thought.本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个幽默故事。杰西卡问妈妈“衣橱里放骨骼”是什么意思，妈妈解释说那是不为人知的秘密，并以杰西卡爸爸的祖先做例子，引起了杰西卡爸爸的恼火。饭后，杰西卡爸爸依然生气，杰西卡妈妈熨完衣服后把衣服放到衣橱里，结果发现了衣橱里的骨骼而吓昏过去。原来杰西卡为了完成学校的健康计划，把骨骼带回了家并放在了衣橱里。1According to Jessicas mother

8、, “a skeleton in the closet” means _.Aa family honor Ba family secretCa family story Da family treasure答案：B。细节理解题。由第一段的“its something that you would rather not have anyone else know about”可知，B项正确。2What can we learn about some Australians ancestors from Paragraph 2?AThey were brought to Australia as

9、prisoners.BThey were the earliest people living in Australia.CThey were involved in some crimes in Australia.DThey were not regarded as criminals in their days.答案：A。推理判断题。根据第二段的“but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners”可推断A项正确，即一些澳大利亚人的祖

10、先是被作为犯人带到澳大利亚。3Jessicas mother fell down into a faint because she was _.Aknocked BfrightenedCinjured Dsurprised答案：B。推理判断题。杰西卡的妈妈是看到了衣橱里的骨骼而晕倒的，我们推断应该是吓倒的。4Why did Jessica bring a skeleton home?AShe was curious about it.BShe planned to keep it for fun.CShe needed it for her school task.DShe intended

11、to scare her parents.答案：C。细节理解题。由最后一段的“You just destroyed the schools skeleton.I brought it home to help me with my health project”可知答案C正确。5Jessicas parents laughed madly at the end of the story probably because _.Athey were crazyBthey were overexcitedCthey realized their misunderstandingDthey both

12、thought they had won the quarrel答案：C。推理判断题。通读全文可知，杰西卡的父母误解了杰西卡的意思。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall?What do you think caused this change in colour?It is soil that has been washed into the river from the rive

13、rbank or from the nearby fields.Components of SoilSoil is made up of a number of layers(层),each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is know as the litter. It acts like a blanket,limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small par

14、ticles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients,oxygen,and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil,a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matte

15、r. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain,wind,frost,and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow,

16、and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada,for example,was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.Water Beneath the SoilSurface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes,ponds,and rivers. Once in the soil or roc

17、k,it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.As water percolates downward,it dissolves organic matter and minerals fr

18、om the soil and carries them to deeper layers. This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.Soil pHSoil can be acidic,neutral,or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed,and by the nature of the plants that grow and

19、 rot in it.The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gasoline,humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned,gases are released into the air and then fall

20、back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed,soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil,and also become easily attacked by diseases.1. The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant g

21、rowth is called.A. litterB. topsoilC. humusD. subsoil2. According to the text,which of the following isNOT true?A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.D. Grou

22、ndwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.3. We can infer from the passage that the water table lies.A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layerB. in the subsoil layer above bedrockC. between the subsoil layer and bedrockD. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil4. The underline

23、d word“dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are.A. rushed away into the river B. cleaned and purified by waterC. destroyed and carried away by water D. mixed with water and become part of it【参考答案】1-4、BBCD【陕西省2014五校联考】阅读下列四篇短文, 从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项,

24、 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Food picked up just a few seconds after being dropped is less likely to contain bacteria than if it is left for longer periods of time, according to the findings of research carried out at Aston Universitys School of Life and Health Sciences. The findings suggest there may be some scie

25、ntific basis to the “5 second rule” the belief about it being fine to eat food that has only had contact with the floor for five seconds or less. Although people have long followed the 5 second rule, until now it was unclear whether it actually helped. The study, undertaken by final year Biology stu

26、dents and led by Anthony Hilton, Professor of Microbiology at Aston University, monitored the transfer of the common bacteria from a variety of indoor flooring types (carpet, cement floor etc.) to toast, pasta, a biscuit and a sticky sweet when contact was made from 3 to 30 seconds. The results show

27、ed that: Time is a significant factor in the transfer of bacteria from a floor surface to a piece of food; and the type of flooring the food has been dropped on has an effect, with bacteria least likely to transfer from carpeted surfaces and most likely to transfer from cement flooring surfaces to m

28、oist(湿的) foods making contact for more than 5 seconds. Professor Hilton said: “Consuming food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk as it very much depends on which bacteria are present on the floor at the time.”The Aston team also carried out a survey of the number of people who empl

29、oy the 5 second rule. The survey showed that: 87% of people surveyed said they would eat food dropped on the floor, or already have done so. 55% of those who would eat or have eaten food dropped on the floor are women. 81% of the women who would eat food from the floor would follow the 5 second rule

30、. Professor Hilton added, “Our study showed that a surprisingly large majority of people are happy to consume dropped food, with women the most likely to do so. But they are also more likely to follow the 5 second rule.”57. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. A toast dropped

31、on the carpet is easier to be polluted than that dropped on the cement floor.B. A sticky chocolate dropped on the carpet is easier to be polluted than that dropped on the cement floor within 5 seconds. C. The food dropped on the carpet shares the same potential of being polluted with the food droppe

32、d on the cement floor.D. The food dropped on the cement floor is not as safe as food dropped on the carpet within 30 seconds.58. Eating food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk because it relies on _ at that time.A. the type of bacteria B. the carpet C. the cement floor D. the surfa

33、ce of table59. The passage is developed probably by _. A. time B. spaceC. contrastD. example60. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The food which is dropped on the floor can be eaten safely.B. The bacteria have no negative effect on the safety of food.C. A research on the safety of food droppe

34、d on the floor is undertaken.D. People surveyed in the research are willing to accept the idea.【参考答案】57-60 DACC。【附】阅读理解概述（4）题型探究探究点三语义推测题猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。一、题型特点与命题方式此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背

35、景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【题型特点】1要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。2要求猜测词义的词一般为实词，可通过构词法、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义。3代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“逆向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【设问形式】1The underl

36、ined word“.” in the second(third.) paragraph refers to(means) _. 2By saying “.” in the first(second.) paragraph, the author means that _.3In paragraph.，“.” can be replaced by “_”4The meaning of “.” in paragraph.is related to _.5Which of the following has the closest meaning to.(paragraph.)?6The unde

37、rlined sentence in the first (second.)paragraph probably means that _. 二、解题思路与应试技巧做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。1根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： It will be very hard but

38、 also very brittle that is, it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。 例1 【2009福建卷】In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to kee

39、p the world from reaching extremely important tipping_points,_such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “_”Afreezing pointsBburning pointsCmelting points Dboiling points【解析】 C根据后一句的such as the melting(融化)of t

40、he ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.可知tipping points的意思是“融点”。 2根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：They traveled a long way, at last got to a_castle,_a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了castle 的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。We are on the_ni

41、ght_shiftfrom midnight to 8 am. this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。 The “Chunnel”， a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位语。由此可知，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。 例 2 The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that s

42、eeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States.It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home.The word “address”

43、 in the first sentence probably means _ .Atalk about Bdeal withCfight for Dwrite to 【解析】 B猜测词义题。根据文中第二句“It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population.”，可知，该组织通过两种方式解决美国无家可归的人的住房问题，故可知B项正确。 3根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，或在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词

44、可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and theyre very interactive_and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。 例 3 The new type of pineapple wa

45、s selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.The underlined word “fixture” probably refers to something _.Athat people enjoy eatingBthat is always presentCthat is difficult to getDthat people use as a gift【解析】 B从文章意思可知，这种新型菠萝很畅

46、销，当然成为了健康饮食人士购物筐中的常客。另外根据构词知识可知，该词的词根是fix，含有“固定”之意。 4根据因果关系进行猜测在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”，可以推测 permanent 的意思是“永远的，永久的”。The low test score, the

47、y think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college.And without a degree from a prestigious_university,_they fear that many of lifes doors will remain forever closed. 学生认为考试分数低就不可能进入一所好大学，而没有“名校”的毕业文凭，将来生活中的很多大门可能就会对他们永远关闭。由此推知a prestigious university应是指名校，即a famous university。 例 4

48、【2011福建卷】.The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement_with that person will decline(减弱)until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “_”Aappointment BconnectionCinterview Dagreement【解析】 B词义猜测题。

49、根据文中人们投入时间的多少将决定其关系的时长，可知投入时间少，我们和那个人的关系将被削弱，所以engagement是“关系”的含义，与B项一致。 5根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词it, that, this, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如：However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of s

50、cientists are seriously thinking about it.it指的是月球人(moon people)所问的问题(the question)。 例 5 【2011福建卷】.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.The underlined word “it” in the s

51、econd paragraph refers to “_”Aalcohol BabsorptionCblood Dprocess 【解析】 D代词指代题。根据“To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.”可知排除身体内的酒精是一个非常缓慢的过程，所以也不可能通过任何手段如洗澡或者喝一杯茶或咖啡加速这个排

52、除过程，这样可以猜测出it指代排除身体内的酒精这一个过程，故选择D。 6根据同义关系进行猜测当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。Although he often had the opportunity, Mr.Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer.This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize

53、his future.作者为避免重复使用endanger一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知其词义为“使陷入危险，危及，危害”。Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.句中detrimental是个生词，但判断出harmful替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的，有害的”。 例 6【2009重庆卷】.When things are getting hard, a voice insid

54、e my head tells me that I cant achieve something.Then, there are other distractions,_such as family or hobbies.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to? AWays that help one to focus.BWords that help one to feel less tense.CActivities that turn ones attention away.DHabits that m

55、ake it hard for one to relax. 【解析】 C由前面的other可知distractions与第一句意思基本相同，第一句话表达的是让人注意力分散的事情，结合上下文可知答案为C。 7根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her fir

56、st class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正好相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。8通过上下文理解猜测词义通过上下文的具体信息猜测词义是目前高考阅读理解题中最常见的一种命题形式。 例 8 【2011课标全国卷】.The familys old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month.What does the word “residents” in paragraph 1 probably refer to? Ac

57、hickens BtomatoesCgardens Dpeople 【解析】 A词义理解题。联系句子The familys old farm house has become a chicken house，its residents arriving next month.我们知道，这里所说的“房子的居住者”就是这些小鸡。 【2014四川省资阳市第一次诊断性考试】An alcohol breath test (ABT) is often used by the police to find out whether a person is drunk while driving. In the United States, the legal blood alcohol limit is 0.08% for people aged 21 years o