国外航校私照飞行员地面课Lesson6

1、Airplane SystemsSystemsCarburetors and fuel injectionFuel OilElectricalLanding gearSystemsEngineFuelCarburetors and fuel injectionOilElectricalLanding gearExhaust Called the Power Plant Called the Power Plant because it:1.Turns the propeller 2.Turns the alternator to produce electricity3.Provides va

2、cuum pressure for flight instrumentsEngines Turbine Turboprop Turbofan Reciprocating Radial Horizontally OpposedJeppesen Sanderson, Inc. 1998 All Rights ReservedGuided Flight Discovery Private Pilot Manual2-14,152-14,15Typical Training Aircraft Engine Carburetor or Fuel Injected 4 Cylinders Direct D

3、rive Horizontally Opposed Air Cooled Normally AspiratedCrankcaseCylindersPistonsRodsValvesSpark plugsCrankshaftCylinder Arrangement V-shaped In-line Horizontally OpposedHorizontally OpposedEach cylinder has 2 spark plugs and 2 valvesInside each cylinder is a movable piston which is attached to the c

4、rankshaft by means of connecting rods. Intake Compression Power Exhaust http:/ Piston moves downwardsThe intake valve opens drawing fuel and air into the cylinderThe intake valve closes The piston moves to the top of the cylinder Compression makes the fuel/airmore powerful when ignitedThe fuel/air m

5、ixture is ignited by spark plug Increasing pressure in the cylinderForcing the piston downward This stroke create the power that turns the crankshaftIt begins when the exhaust valve opens The piston moves toward purging the cylinder of exhaust1.Air enters an air filter on the nose of the a/c 2.Air g

6、oes to the carburetor or fuel injector 3.Then to the intake manifold, which directs it to each cylinderMixture controls Fuel/Air ratioThrottle controls the volume fuel/air going into the engineEnginesInduction SystemsMixture ControlThrottle ControlDetonation Uncontrolled, exploding ignition of fuel/

7、air mixturePre-ignition Fuel/air mixture is ignited in advance of the normal, timed firingExhaust gases are guided overboard through the muffler and tailpipeExhaust gases are also be used as heat source for Cabin heat Carburetor heatCabin Heat ControlDefrosterTo Rear CabinMuffler and ShroudAir Inlet

8、Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. 1998 All Rights ReservedGuided Flight Discovery Private Pilot Manual2-35Stores and transfers fuel to the airplane engineFuel tanks must be vented to prevent a vacuum As fuel level goes down air must be let into the tankDifferent types of fuel systems Gravity feed system Fuel

9、 pump system CombinationHow can fuel get contaminated with water or dirt? Cessna 152 or “Old” 172Where the fuel and air mix before going to the engineFloat-type carburetorCarburetor Ice Can occur at any temperature Most likely between 20F-70F With 80% humidityInefficient uneven distribution to the c

10、ylindersSymptoms: Loss in Engine RPM To melt the carburetor ice, apply carburetor heat allowing unfiltered hot air into the carburetor. Additional loss in RPM and engine roughness will occur before RPM increases To CarburetorAirIntakeCarburetor Heat Control(In Cockpit)Exhaust FromEngine CylindersAlt

11、ernativeAir SourceTo MufflerCARBURETOR HEAT ONJeppesen Sanderson, Inc. 1998 All Rights ReservedGuided Flight Discovery Private Pilot Manual2-18,192-18,19Similarities to carburetor Mixture still controls Fuel/Air ratio Throttle still controls how much fuel/air goes to the cylindersDifferences: Where

12、the fuel and air meet Fuel pumps are needed to pressurize fuelNo Carburetor IceFaster throttle responseBetter fuel distribution Easier cold weather startsDifficulty starting the engine when it is hotVapor Lock Due to heat air pockets can form in the fuel lines between the fuel tank and the induction

13、 system Can cause partial or complete loss of fuel flowFunctions of Oil Lubricates Cools Cleans Seals Protects Cushions Wet SumpDry SumpComponents Temperature Gauge Pressure Gauge Oil Cooler FilterSump Oil and Return OilFrom Relief ValvePressure Oil From Oil PumpOil Cooler and FilterHigh Pressure Oi

14、l ScreenLow Pressure Oil ScreenOil SumpOil PumpOil Temperature GaugeOil Pressure GaugeOil Pressure Relief ValveOil Filler Cap and DipstickTOP VIEWJeppesen Sanderson, Inc. 1998 All Rights ReservedGuided Flight Discovery Private Pilot Manual2-32Magnetos Self-contained, Engine-drivenSpark Plugs Provide

15、 spark for ignitionDual Ignition system Two magnetos Two spark plugs per cylinder Two sets of plug wiresLowerMagnetoWiresUpperMagnetoWiresUpperSparkPlugsUpperSparkPlugsTo LowerSparkPlugsTo LowerSparkPlugsLeft MagnetoRight MagnetoJeppesen Sanderson, Inc. 1998 All Rights ReservedGuided Flight Discover

16、y Private Pilot Manual2-242-24The crankshaft is attached directly to the propeller (direct drive)The prop is twistedFixed pitch Climb (high RPM, low pitch) Cruise (low RPM, high pitch)Adjustable pitch (Constant Speed) Blade pitch can adjusted for all phases of flightVolts Potential energy or pressur

17、eAmps Flow of energy or currentCessna systems 60 amp alternator 28 volt systemAlternator Supplies electricity to the system and charges the batteryBattery Supplies power for engine start and backup power if the alternator failsAmmeter Indicates if battery is being charged or dischargedJeppesen Sande

18、rson, Inc. 1998 All Rights ReservedGuided Flight Discovery Private Pilot ManualMaster Switch Controls the entire electrical system Usually split switchCircuit Breakers & Fuses Protect components from overload Circuit Breakers can be reset Fuses must be replacedMASTERONONALT BAT2-42Electrical SystemsComponentsCable and Pulley System Ailerons Elevator RudderTricycle Gear or Conventional (Tailwheel)Fixed, Retractable, FloatsHow do they handle landing stresses? (Spring Steel, Oleo Strut, Bungee Cord)Br