英语国家知识概况论文

1、 北京中医药大学 英语国家知识概况The research about the cause and significance of English Reformation 学院：人文学院班级：11英语（医学） 姓名： 学号： 2013年1月4日 The research about the cause and significance of English ReformationAlthough the UK is not a theocratic state, however, religious reform plays an important role on the developme

2、nt of British politics in Britains history. In the 16th century, the various factors and conditions of English Reformation were maturing gradually and the only thing they lack of is a fuse to fire it. Then the Henry VIIIs divorce case became the immediate cause. The English Reformation begins with H

3、enry VIIIs struggle in his divorce case, and end up with separating from pope. It seems like that the divorce case has played an important role in the English Reformation, however its merely the surface phenomenon and the fact is not like this.“The mechanism leading to the English Reformation is ver

4、y complicated and the contradiction produced by the two element system of the state and the church has made the conflict inevitable. Heretical tradition, humanism and the Mainland new teachings effect makes the anti-clerical tide be vividly portrayed. All of this is conducive for the power of the Re

5、formation to find a vent port in Henry VIIIs Divorce case.” （C. Q. (1996）英国宗教改革原因探析，湖南师范大学社会科学学报，25（5），92.）From this we can see that the cause of English Reformation is not as simple as we imagined. It involves the economic, politics, and other aspects.In the 16th century, The British capitalists bu

6、dding and development need a lot of money, but the church tried what they can do to seek property from the people, such as collect the eleven tax, selling indulgences etc. The Church of England occupies the 1/3 UK land. Its annual revenue is three times as the government and the church also possesse

7、s the imposing religious architecture, they have a large amount of gold and silver utensils and art treasures. These practices are detrimental to the continuing development of capitalism. So they need to get rid of the shackles of the church on economic. Whats more, the temporal power including the

8、King, lords, and the gentleman cast greedy eyes on the large property of church. Hence the English Reformation is not occasional. In this period, a strong country and state sovereignty enhanced the national consciousness in England. The Kingship is strengthened ceaselessly, “The king established its

9、 aristocratic authority, and ruled the country together with them. However, at that time, still exists another unit who can match the kingship, it is the British Church. The British Church is a part of the Church of Rome to some certain. The Church of Rome enjoyed a supreme authority at that time. I

10、t took the whole feudal Europe (although there are all kinds of internal war) united in a larger political body.” （C. Q. （1996）英国宗教改革原因探析，湖南师范大学社会科学学报，25（5），88.）Although the government has reach a consensus on Religious belief with the British Church, they still have irreconcilable conflict. The Kin

11、gships strengthen means that the king can dominate all of their country, however the church does not recognizes the absolute authority of monarch, and it only recognizes the absolute authority of the Pope. So the English Reformation is necessary for Henry VIII to strengthen the autocratic monarchy.A

12、t that time, the church also began to corruption. For one thing, upper layers in the Church is greedy and corrupt, the archbishop and bishops who enjoy the privileges lived a luxury life, they also extended the privilege to their friends and family, many senior cleric also serve many other positions

13、. However they often only enjoy the pay of these positions, and employ managements to help them with a low pay. The Church also used the privilege to oppress and exploit the common people cruelly, which aroused great anger in common people. People angrily rebuke those bishops and priests: “They are

14、not shepherds, but flock of wolves in sheeps clothing.” (埃尔顿. (1982).都铎宪政:文件与评述. 牛津：剑桥大学出版社.)For another way, those under layers are poor and ignorance compared with the upper layers, and most of them have not received a good education. They are lack of study quality and spiritual beliefs, in additi

15、on they are addicted to gambling, alcohol drinking and liaisons, and they very poor. The poor priest is difficult to fulfill their duties. Due to the corruption of the Church, there are strong anti-clerical trend among the people. For their own profit, king and nobles also want to use the strength o

16、f the people to against the church. The tacit understanding of both sides becomes the base of English Reformation. For the reason of British religious reform, some scholars think that it was accidental, because it simply began with a divorce case. The others think it was inevitable because Britain t

17、hose social factors I have mentioned above. However I have the different opinion. During this period, some other European countries also have a similar social background with the British, however why only the Britain started their religious reform? Would the English Reformation happen if there wasnt

18、 the divorce case? Would it happen if Britain has no social factors but only the divorce case? I think only when we find out the answers of these three questions, can we really understand the English Reformation causes. In order to explain these questions, I will give you an example: We believe that

19、 when the occurrence of an event have has a certain conditions, and we call it a possibility, but to have the possibility is not necessarily to the occurrence, if some other factors lead it to occur as a fact, then we think that this incident has become reality. From possibility to reality, intermed

20、iate it must need one or more factors, and these factors we can be referred to as the catalyst. Adapt this theory to the questions above, we can see that the social factors has been existed provide the possibility for the religious reform, but it doesnt mean that the religious reform must be happen

21、with these factors. So the Henry VIII divorce case is the catalyst, and it turn the possibility to reality. Hence it also explains that why the religious reform caused by seemingly fortuitous divorce case has gained the national wide support. British religious reform is of great significance and has

22、 a huge impact on Britain. First of all, religious reform broke the control of Pope to secular state, and established its own countrys external sovereignty. Declare the nation and country enjoys the independent Political status, moreover the modern national sovereignty is able to establish.Religious

23、 reform also inspired the British peoples national consciousness. National consciousness is one of the basic elements to the form of modern national country. If the state power was combined with different national consciousness, then it would become a sheep without soul. Henry VIIIs religious reform

24、 was a turning point. It not only admits the desire Britain was an empire that the British people have pursuit for long-term, and realizes the national independence, but also promote the British national consciousnesss further enhancement. Dickens said: in Britain, as in the virtuous orchid, protest

25、ant doctrine eventually blends in peoples national self performance inevitably . It is in the process of reformation that British people began to think that English is different from and is superior to other European countries and began to produce a strong national identity and superiority. So, to s

26、ome extent, Religious reform to the English is not only a resistance movement against foreign rule power, but also an ideological liberation movement. It is this common religious thought and moral concept that inspired strong national sentiment within the scope of the Englishman living in the same area, so as to make them into a special form of state one national country. Bri