军校专升本英语

1、2016年军队院校专升本英语试题英语试卷模拟四1 快速阅读（共10分，每小题1分）Natural disaster Earthquakes When the Earth Moves Earthquakes are caused by the motion of tectonic platesindividual sections that make up the Earths surface like panels on a football. Immense strain accumulates along fault lines where adjacent plates meet. Wh

2、en the rock separating the plates gives way, sudden seismic ground-shaking movement occurs.Of course, if we want to know why earthquakes happen, we need to dig a little deeper. Centre of the Earth The Earth is made up of three main layers: The core is at the centre of the Earth. The mantle is a mobi

3、le semi-molten layer around the core. The outer-shell of the Earth is called the crust. Scientists call this the lithosphereits the part were on now. The crust is made up of 12 individual tectonic plates. Below the sea, they can measure three to six miles (4km-9.6km) thick and under land this increa

4、ses to 20-44 miles (32km-70.8km). Below the crust, radiation from the Earths core heats the semi-molten mantle to temperatures of over 5000C.All fluids when heatedeven molten rockare affected by a process called convection. That makes hot liquid rise to displace cooler liquid, creating a current. Te

5、ctonic plates effectively float on the mantle, like croutons in a bowl of super-heated soup. But these plates and constantly move due to the convection current.Of course, they creep along very slowlyroughly the same speed your fingernails grow. Even at this sub snail-pace, the effects can be devasta

6、ting. The combined annual force of earthquakes is equal to 100,000 times the power of the atomic bombs that flattened Hiroshima.The point where the seismic activity occurs is the epicentre, where the earthquake is strongest. But it doesnt always end there; seismic waves travel out from the epicentre

7、, sometimes creating widespread destruction as they pass.VolcanoesWithout doubt, erupting volcanoes are the most awesome and terrifying sights in nature. In fact, their untamed destructive firepower has shaped and influenced many ancient cultures from Pompeii, to Japan.Its estimated that one in ten

8、of the Worlds population live within “danger range” of volcanoes. According to the Smithsonian Institute, there are 1511 “active” volcanoes across the globe, and many more dormant ones that could recharge at any moment.When tectonic plates collide，like earthquakes, volcanoes form at weak-points in t

9、he Earths crust, known as “fault-lines”.When two tectonic plates collide, the event can provide the catalyst for volcanic activity. As one section slides on top of the other, the one beneath is pushed down into the mantle. Water trapped in the crust can cause reactions within the mantle. Why? Well,

10、its thought that when the water mixes with the mantle, it lowers the mantles melting point, and the solid mantle melts to form a liquid, known as magma.Under Increasing PressureSince liquid rock is less dense than solid rock, magma begins to rise through the Earths crust. It forces its way up, melti

11、ng surrounding rock and increasing the amount of magma.Magma only stops rising when the pressure from the rock layer above it becomes too great. It gathers below the Earths surface in a “magma chamber”.When the pressure increases in the chamber, the crust finally gives way and magma spews out onto t

12、he Earths surface forming a volcano. When it reaches the surface, magma becomes known as “lava”.Volcanic eruptions vary in intensity and appearance depending on two factors:the amount of gas contained in the magmaits viscosityhow runny it isIn general, the explosive eruptions come from high gas leve

13、ls and high viscosity in the magma. Whilst lava floes result from magmas with low gas levels and low viscosity.Mount EtnaOver millions of years, lava and ash from eruptions might build up to form a mountainous volcano like Mt Etna in Italy.HurricanesBy definition, a hurricane is fierce rotating stor

14、m with an intense centre of low pressure that only happens in the tropics. In south-east Asia theyre known as typhoons and in the Indian Ocean, cyclones.They cause high winds, huge waves, and heavy flooding. In 1998, Hurricane Gilbert produced 160mph winds, killing 318 people, and devastating Jamaic

15、a. A tropical storm can only be classified as a hurricane if it sustains wind speeds above 73mph or force 12 on the Beaufort Scale. Each year about 50 tropical storms reach hurricane status.One of the most powerful of all weather systems, hurricanes are powered by the heat energy released by the con

16、densation of water vapour. However, the conditions have to be exact for a hurricane to form, with the seas surface temperature being above 26.5C.How Hurricanes HappenAir above warm tropical water rises quickly as it is heated by the sea. As the air rises it rotates or spins creating an area of low p

17、ressure, known as the eye of the storm. The eye can be clearly seen on satellite pictures, and is usually eerily calm.The hurricane only moves slowly at speeds of 20-25mph bringing torrential rain and thunderstorms and very strong winds. However, they also cause flooding on low lying coastlines with

18、 a phenomenon known as a “storm surge”.Storm SurgeThis is caused by the intense low pressure at the eye of a hurricane, combining with the effect of strong winds. The sea rises 1cm for every millibar of pressure - if the pressure is 930 millibar, the sea surge will be about 80 cm. Hurricanes can rai

19、se the seas surface by as much as 4m.The hurricane winds push the surge along in front of its path. When this surge hits low-lying coasts, the effects can be devastating. In addition to the sea surge, flooding can also result from torrential rain falling from the storm clouds.Once it reaches the mai

20、nland, a hurricane may cause widespread damage for a few days, but with no warm water to supply heat, they quickly die out.1. Earthquakes are caused by the motion of tectonic plates that make up the Earths surface.2. The Earth is made up of four main layers: the core, the mantle, the crust and the m

21、agma.3. It is the convection that make hot liquid rise to displace cooler liquid, creating a current.4. The earthquake at the epicenter is weakest.5. Both of volcanoes and earthquakes form at weak-points in the Earths crust when tectonic plates collide,.6. Magma will fall through the Earths crust if

22、 the liquid rock is less dense than solid rock.7. Mt Etna in Italy produced 160mph winds and killed 296 people in 2000.8. A hurricane is defined as a fierce rotating storm with an intense centre of low pressure that_.9. Torrential rain, _ are always brought by the hurricane.10. If there is no warm w

23、ater to supply heat, the hurricane will_. 2 选择填空（共20分，每小题1分）1. Why was our foreign teacher unhappy yesterday?News about the tsunami striking her country _ an attack of homesickness.A. set forB. set outC. set aboutD. set off2. Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A. do

24、es he careB. did he careC. he careD. he cared3. Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanations B. introductions C. descriptionsD. instructions4.Have you got any information about your missing dog form the police?No, I _.The police say theyll let me kn

25、ow when there is any news.A. waited B. was waiting C. have waited D. am waiting5.The “No .1 Doucument “is designed to help the rural population increase their incomes.I believed that parents life _ better and better.A. will have got B. has got C. gets D. will be getting6. Dont leave you work, _.A. h

26、alf doneB. done halfC. a half doneD. done a half7. The purpose of the article is to draw public attention _ the problem.A. to B. on C. in D. for8. were advised not to leave the water_ after using it.A. run B. running C. to run D. having run9. It is a _ fact that cigarette smoking is not goods for he

27、alth.A. proved B. proven C. proving D. provable10. Who do you know_ the steam engine?A. discovered B. invented C.to discover D.to invent11. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. if B. whereC. whetherD. that12. Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat witho

28、ut big changes in temperature, thus creating a _ environment.A. peacefulB. sensitiveC. commonD. stable13. Before _ white, the door should be cleaned thoroughly.A. paintingB. paintedC. being paintedD. having been painted14.Amongtheeternaldreamsofhumanbeings,thegreatlongingfortheblueairandflyingis nev

29、er.A. givenawayB. wornoffC. paidoffD. handedover15. _ about Lucy, the teacher called her parents to find out why she was so often absent from class.A. ConcerningB. consideringC. ConcernedD. Considering16. _ to the sunshine for too long in summer, your skin will get burnt.A. Being exposed B. Exposing

30、 C. ExposedD. To expose17. I dont believe what you said. It is not like her father, who is an honest man,_ anyone in business.A. cheating B. to cheat C. cheats D. cheated18. We all know that, _, the situation will get worse.A. if not dealt carefully withB. not if carefully dealt withC. dealt if not

31、carefully withD. if not carefully dealt with 19._ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However serious a problemB. However a serious problemC. What a serious problemD. What serious a problem20. Jane was fairly good at English but in mathematics she could not_ the res

32、t of the students in her class.A. keep up with B. run away with C. put up with D.do away with 3 阅读理解（共30分，每小题2分）Passage 1Believe it or not, optical illusion(错觉) can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optic

33、al illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(基金会) for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japans success. St

34、arting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive (too great) speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundat

35、ion. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards (danger) are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of

36、drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a l

37、onger lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.1. The passage mainly discusses _.A. a new way of highway speed controlB. a new pattern for painting highwaysC. a new way of training driversD. a new type of optical illusion2. On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend t

38、o feel that _.A. they should avoid speed-related hazardsB. they are driving in the wrong laneC. they should slow down their speedD. they are coming near to the speed limit3. The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former _.A. can keep drivers awake B. can cut road accide

39、nts in halfC. will look more attractive D. will have a longer effect on drivers4. The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to _.A. try out the Japanese method in certain areasB. change the road signs across the countryC. replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD

40、. repeat the Japanese road patterns5. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?A. They are suitable only on broad roads.B. They are falling out of use in the United States.C. They are ignored in a long period of time.D. They cannot be used successfully to traffic

41、 circles.Passage 2 If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky. If you say to your children “Im sorry I got angry with you, but .” what follows that “but” can render the apology i

42、neffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre ups

43、et”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apo

44、logizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement. These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness, Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strengt

45、h, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still needhelp to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that h

46、itting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a

47、 parents clothes without permission is not.6. If a mother adds “but” to an apology, _.A. she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB. she does not realize that the child has been hurtC. the child may find the apology easier to acceptD. the child may feel that he owes her an apology7. According

48、to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” most probably means “_”.A. You have good reason to get upsetB. Im aware youre upset, but Im not to blameC. I apologize for hurting your feelingsD. Im at fault for making you upset8. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because _.A.

49、 it gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC. it is vague and ineffectiveD. it is hurtful and insulting9. We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry _.A. the complexities involved should be ignoredB. their ages should be

50、 taken into accountC. parents need to set them a good exampleD. parents should be patient and tolerant10. It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _.A. a social issue calling for immediate attentionB. not necessary among family membersC. a sign of social progressD. not as sim

51、ple as it seemsPassage 3We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us dont do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.So, you have to give a speech - and you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to sa

52、y, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, its over. Im just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”Cheer up! It doesnt have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making.

53、Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many e

54、xamples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Dont talk over their heads, and dont talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.Just remember: Be prepared. Know yo

55、ur subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you dont have to be afraid of public spea

56、king. In fact you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! Youre not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.11. The main idea of this article is _.A. that you can improve your speaking abilityB. a poor speaker can never changeC. always make a short speech D. it is hard to make a speech12. Paragraph 2 implies that _. A. many people are afraid of giving a speechB. many people are happy to give a speechC. many people do n