中级写作-虚拟语气

1、 中级写作虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood判断以下句子是不是正确的虚拟语气：判断以下句子是不是正确的虚拟语气：1. If we could finish our work earlier, we shall go to the cinema.2. The doctor suggests that she will not smoke.3. I wish that it is true.4. Had you put on more clothes, you would not catch a cold. shall 改成 shouldwill not 改成 ( should ) not

2、is 改成 werewould not catch 改成 would not have caught动词的语气简介：动词的语气简介： 语气表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。动词的三种语气：1、陈述语气所表达的动作或状态是符合客观 现实的。 e.g. Flowers blossom in the spring. He played the piano well.2、祈使语气表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。 e.g. Let us help you. Keep off the grass.3、虚拟语气与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑 推测、祝愿等。虚

3、拟语气的运用虚拟语气的运用 1）if真实条件句 2）if虚拟条件句 3）错综条件句 4）省略if的倒装句 5）含蓄条件句（with，but for，不定式，分词后） 1、在if条件从句中的运用 2、其他形式的虚拟语气 1）should+动词原形的形式（表建议的advise， suggest等词或从句后） 2）wish，would rather，as if等后的虚拟语气的形式 1、if条件句中的虚拟语气 If it _ (rain) tomorrow, our trip _ (put off) . 2）if 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句构成构成从句：从句：一般现在时一般现在时 主句：主句：将来时将来时r

4、ainswill be put off动词过去式bewere条件从句结果主句would/should/could/might+动词原形had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have 过去分词 动词过去式 were+不定式 should +动词原形would （should）+动词原形1）if 真实条件句真实条件句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反ATTENTION 虚拟语气的助动词为should，would， could，might，与将来事实相反常用should或would系动词be的过去式只有were 虚拟语气中只有完成式、过去式的形式，不存在一般现在时

5、、将来时等其他时态的形式注意：注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用的过去时态一律用were，不用，不用was， 即在从句中即在从句中be用用were代替。代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A

6、. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三这三个词个词主语提前主语提前, 变成变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能而不能说说 Werent I to do.练习练习：1. If I _ (know) her add

7、ress, I would write to her.2. What would you have done if you _(miss) the train?3. If he _ (not be ill ), he would have done something.4. If it _(snow) tomorrow, we _(get up) early.5. If you had asked him yesterday, you _ (know) what to do now.knewhad missed had not been illwere to /should snow/ sno

8、wedshould get upwould know3)错综条件句错综条件句If he _ his legs yesterday, he _ with us now.A.hadnt hurt ; would go B.hadnt hurt; would have goneC.didnt hurt; would go D.didnt hurt; would have gone 错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。 e.g. If she hadnt studied hard, she wouldnt speak so well. If the weather had be

9、en finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.4)省略if的倒装句e.g. If they were here, they would help us.如果从句中有were，should，had等词， 可省略if，并把were，should，had放句首进行倒装。If you had come earlier, nothing would have happened.Were they here,

10、they would help us.Had you come earlier, nothing would have happened._ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful party.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive5)含蓄条件句假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如with，without，but for，but，

11、otherwise等。e.g. I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up. But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to School. I was away that day, otherwise I _ the lecture.A. had attended B. would have attendedC. would attend D. attended If you had not helped meIf I had not lost her

12、 phone number Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。but for要不是要不是 2. 虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：1) Wish 的

13、宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时（过去时（were）过去完成时过去完成时 (had done)would/could/might/ should +V. 1. I wish I were a bird.（现在）（现在）2. I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）（过去）3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）（将来）I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。他希望他没讲那

14、样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wish to do表达法。表达法。 wish sb / sth to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2) would rather that现在：过去：将来：I would rather you paid me now.

15、I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时 ( did)过去时 (did)过去完成时(had done)3) as if /though + Clause 现在：过去：过去时 (did)过去完成时(had done)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems as if it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday

16、.They talked as if they had been friends for years.He looks as if he were drunk.4) Its (about/high) time +that should +V.过去时过去时 (did)你该走了。你该走了。我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we

17、should go to bed. 5) 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气 a. 宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即议，四个要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词句中的动词 使用使用should + 动词原形动词原形，should可省略可

18、省略。我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。He insisted that I (should )be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.We suggested that Tom have a rest.I suggest

19、 that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意：注意： 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示建议建议 或或坚持要某人做某坚持要某人做某事时事时，即它们用于其本意，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明暗示、表明、坚持认为坚持认为时，时，宾语从句用陈述语气。宾语从句用陈述语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)serious

20、ly ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he_(be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, d

21、emand, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desirerequest, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.6) If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his n

22、ame!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!7) Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词

23、原形动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.8) 不必做不必做和和本不该做本不该做 didnt need to do表示：表示： 过去不必做某事过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。事实上也没做。neednt have done表示：表示： 过去不必做某事过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。但事实上做了。John went to the

24、 station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上步行回家，没有遇上John的车。的车。)典型例题典型例题There

25、 was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried答案答案D。neednt have done. 意为意为本不必本不必，即已，即已经做了某事，而实际上不必要。经做了某事，而实际上不必要。mustnt have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt have done, 不可能已经不可能已经。 must not do 不可以（用于一般不可以（

26、用于一般现在时）现在时）应用举例1.Did you submit(递交）your application for a Masters degree(硕士学位）？Not yet. If I_to see my father, I would have.”A. didnt go B. havent gone C.wouldnt have gone D. hadnt gone【答案】D【解析】I would have 省略了过去分词submitted.2.Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings?I didnt want one, but he woul

27、d have given me one if I _.A. Do B. would C. will D.had【答案】D【解析】 if I had 中省略了过去分词wanted.3.Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?No, if he had, I dont believe _broken the living room window.A. Would he have B. he had C.he would have D. he has【答案】 C【解析】if he had 后省略了过去分词5. I _come ye

28、sterday, but I couldnt.A.was to have B. must C.ought D.have to【答案】 A【解析】 was/were+不定式的完成形式构成位于，表示过去所做的计划和安排没有实现。6.It is raining, and I have no umbrella.Heres mine, and I insist _it.A.you to take B. that you take C.that you taking D.you taking【答案】 B【解析】一些表示愿望，请求，命令的动词（如ask, require, suggest, recommen

29、d, demand, insist, desire, prefer, order, urge, propose等）后的宾语从句中谓语动词用动词原形表示虚拟（也可用should+动词原形的形式表示虚拟，但在美国英语中常用动词原形。）7. The professor gave orders that the test _before 5:30.A.be finished B.will finish C.will be finished D.shall finish【答案】 A【解析】在suggestion, proposal, order, advice, recommendation, idea

30、等词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词，也要用动词原形表示虚拟。此题that引导的是orders的同位语从句。8. I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _an hour before the discussion begins.A.go B.shall go C. will go D. would go【答案】A【解析】suggest等动词无论其时态为过去时还是现在完成时，其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词也是总是要用动词原形来表示虚拟。9. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.A. Was B.were C.had been D.went【答案】 C【解析】动词wish后的宾语从句需要用虚拟语气。表示过去的愿望用过去完成时。4._Id have told you.A. If I would have known it B. If I had have known itC. Had I know it D. Should I know it 【答案】C【解析】如果if条件句中包含有should（或had,were),则可以省去if并把should（或had,were)移到句首，而意思不变