Unit1_《A_land_of_diversity》language points

1、Unit 1A land of diversityPacific oceanGulf of MexicoAtlantic OceanCANADAMEXICORocky MountainsMississippi RiverCaliforniaSummary California is _state in the USA and it also has the distinction of being the most _state in the USA. The first settlers crossed _from _and arrived in California. The _suffe

2、red greatly after the arrival of Europeans in the _century. In the 18th century, _was ruled by _ until _the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of_. But after the American-Mexican war in 1846, California was given back to the USA. the third largestmulti

3、culturalthe Bering StraitAsianative Americans16thCaliforniaSpain1821Mexico In 1848, in California gold was_, which _people from all over the world to arrive there to achieve their dreams of_. In 1850, California became the _state of the USA as a _society. Attracted by the_, more and more people from

4、 different parts of the world having been _California, including Asians, Africans, Americans and Europeans. In the near future, California will become _many races and cultures _ any major racial or cultural groups. discoveredattractedbecoming rich31stmulticulturalclimate and lifestyleimmigrating toa

5、 mixture ofwithoutLanguage points1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 1). 序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 可以修饰形容词最高级的词：far / by far /much.可以修饰比较级的词：no / a little / a bit / any / slightly/by far. Youre standing too ne

6、ar the camera . Can you move _?A a bit far B a little farther C a bit of farther D a little far 2). population un / cn. 人口population 作主语时谓语动词用单数，但前有分数、小数或百分数时，谓语动词用复数。 The population of China_ large. And 70% of the population of China_ peasants. 形容人口的多少通常用large / small. isare对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用what,如What

7、s the population of the city? have a population of . 有多少人口China has a population of 1.3 billion.人口的增加或减少用grow (increase) 和 fall (decrease)an increase / growth in population 人口2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，

8、元文化的一个州，It also has the distinction of being 意思是意思是What it is known for is 前缀前缀multi-是是“多、多方面、多方想多、多方面、多方想”的意思。的意思。如：如： multi-coloured (多色的多色的), multi-racial (多种族多种族的的), multi-media (多媒体多媒体), multiparty (多党多党制制 ), multi-purpose (多种用途多种用途) 3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know

9、as California, no one really knows. no one really knows 是主句是主句, exactly when California是是knows的宾语从句。的宾语从句。what we California是宾语从句是宾语从句, 作介词作介词in的宾语。即的宾语。即 No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California. 1). When the first people arrived in what we now kno

10、w as California,宾语从句= the place that we now know as California. 定语从句George Washington was born in _ is now the state of Virginia. which B. where C. that D. what = George Washington was born in the place that is now the state of Virginia. D Pudong Development Zone is no longer _ it used to be. A. wha

11、t B. where C. that D. there2.Pudong Development Zone is no longer a rural area _ it used to be.CA定语从句, 先行词是area, that作关系代词表语从句 4. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.It is likely/possible/probable that sb/sth is likely to do sth某人

12、/物有可能做某事注意: likely 比较级为 likelier(more likely), 最高级为 likeliest (most likely)e.g. She is _to succeed. 她有可能会成功. = It is likely that she will succeed.likely辨析: likely, possible, probable 按可能性程度,probable可能性最大,其次为likely, 最小为possible.但需要注意的是,likely的主语可以是人也可以是物,但possible, probable却只能用形式主语it. 他有可能获胜吗？他有可能获胜吗

13、？Is he likely to win? Its possible that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能来。 5. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.vi. 受痛苦；受损害受痛苦；受损害vt. 遭受；忍受遭受；忍受suffer 辨析：辨析：suffer与与suffer from suffer (vt.) 和和suffer from的区别：的区别：suffer 指指一般的损害、痛苦等等一般的损害、痛苦等等, 其宾语为其宾语为

14、pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折挫折)，但，但suffer from表示遭受战争，表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。 suffer great pain / heavy losses / hardship承受巨大痛苦承受巨大痛苦/遭受大损失遭受大损失/困难困难 suffer from headache / illness / war / the flood 遭受头痛遭受

15、头痛/疾病的困扰疾病的困扰/战争洪水战争洪水 1). 辨析：辨析：die from, die of die of 死于疾病、饥饿等死于疾病、饥饿等, 多指内部原因。多指内部原因。 die from 常用死于创伤、交通事故常用死于创伤、交通事故, 多指外多指外部未知原因。部未知原因。6. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans.in addition “此外，另外” 相当于besides, whats more. (其后一般接一个句子)此外，你必须写一封信。In addition, you have to wri

16、te a letter. in addition to. 除.之外（还有), 后面可接名词（短语）或动名词短语。不接句子。 除了看电影之外，我们还去游泳。 In addition to watching the film, we went to swim. 这个老师还有他的学生，很喜欢这本书。 The teacher, in addition to his students, likes the book very much.(就远原则)7. compare：China has more people than any other country in the world.China has

17、more people than any country in Europe.8. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century when(定语从句） they fought against the native people and took their land.西班牙士兵最早是在16世纪初来到南美的，（当时）他们同土著人打仗，夺取了他们的土地。 fight for “为为(支持支持)事业事业, 自由自由, 真理真理, 权利等权利等而斗争而斗争(战斗战斗)”fight against (可

18、用可用with) the enemy “为反对为反对而斗争而斗争”；接人和国家名词，；接人和国家名词， 意思是意思是“与与战斗战斗” fight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战也可表示与某人并肩作战辨析辨析: fight against, fight for与与fight with 9. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.1) the fir

19、st . to do sth.She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.the majority of后可用单数名词后可用单数名词, 也可用复数名也可用复数名词词, 谓语动词的数与谓语动词的数与of 后面的名词相一致。后面的名词相一致。The majority of people prefer peace to war. The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 10. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Ru

20、sh Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brough even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. . 但是更大批量的中国移民却是在但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪世纪60年代为修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路网而来年代为修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路网而来的。的。辨析 although, though(1) 都可作连词，引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然，尽管”。不能与but连用，但可以用 still或yet。尽管阳光灿

21、烂，却很冷。Although the sun was shining, it was cold.(2) though 可与 even, as 连用，如：even though(即使), as though(好像)；而although 没有这种搭配。(4) though 引导的从句放在句首，从句可以用部分倒装(相当于as)。这时不能与although互换。虽然是个女孩， 但她不喜欢漂亮的裙子。Girl though/as she is, she doesnt like beautiful dresses.(5).though 可用作副词，单独使用常放在句末。相当于all the same或how

22、ever.他答应来， 可是他没来。He promised to come; he didnt come, though.11. People from Africa have been living in California since 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.have been living 是现在完成进行时，表示“现在之前这一段时间里一直在进行一个动作，这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能停止了一会儿” 这些天我一直在找这本书。 I have been looking for the book these days. e.g 他一个上午都

23、在看报纸。 He has been reading the newspaper all the morning.12.It is believed that It is said that It is hoped that It is supposed that It is suggested that It is reported that 主语从句转化为“Sb/Sth be said(believed.) to do sth”Revising useful structures 【paragraph 1】1.第三大州2.人口最多3.有的特征4.多元文化的5.继续存在6.文化的多样性【par

24、agraph 2】1.很可能2.穿越北极的白令海峡3.借助大陆桥the third largest statehave the largest population multiculturalhave the distinction oflive onthe diversity of cultureIt is likely that cross the Bering Strait in the Arctic by means of a land bridge3. Useful expressions:4.在史前时期5.受了很多苦6.被迫成为奴隶7.艰难度过这些恐怖时期【paragraph 3】

25、1 和打仗2 大部分人3 (牧师的)职责4. 传授天主教5.向墨西哥宣战 in prehistoric times suffer greatly be forced into slavery survive these terrible times fight against the majority ministry teach the Catholic religion declare war on Mexico【paragraph 5】1 第一批到达的人2 实现他们的梦想3 谋生4. 尽管很艰苦5.选择成为第31个联邦政府的州【paragraph 6】1.很大比例的 the first

26、to arrive achieve their dream of doing make a life despite the hardship elect to become the thirty-first federal statea large percentage of【paragraph 7】1 意大利2 丹麦3 保持他们的丹麦文化4. 很好地建立了起来5.这个行业的繁荣【paragraph 8】1. 在20世纪初Italy Denmark keep up their Danish culture be well established the industry boomat the

27、 beginning of the 20th century【paragraph 10】 不久以后 明显主要的种族或文化群体1. 和的混合物before long distinct major racial or cultural groups a mixture of A and B从句一律保持陈述句语序。从句一律保持陈述句语序。 主语从句主语从句Subject clause宾语从句宾语从句Object clause表语从句表语从句Predicative clause同位语从句同位语从句Appositive clause名词从句名词从句名词性从句基本结构名词性从句基本结构:引导词引导词 +

28、从句从句(陈述句语序陈述句语序) 相当于一个名词成分相当于一个名词成分, 在句中作主语、在句中作主语、 宾语、表语或同位语。宾语、表语或同位语。What I want to do is to go home immediately.I said that I want to go home immediately. My hope is that I want to home immediately.The fact that the earth goes around the sun is acceptable now.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.

29、 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分2. 宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。系动词之后。4. 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词跟在一些抽象名词(idea, belief, fact, truth, problem, news等等)后面后面, 对名词作进一步解释

30、说明。对名词作进一步解释说明。注意注意:suggest, advise, order, command, insist, require, request等动词常接含虚拟语气等动词常接含虚拟语气的宾语从句的宾语从句: should + do。动词动词wish 后的宾语从句也用虚拟语气。后的宾语从句也用虚拟语气。I wish I were a bird.I wish that I had met him yesterday. Exercise1. She received the message _ he would come by plane. A. that B. which C. what

31、 D. when2. Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that3. Our city has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago. A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C.which it used to be D. what was itAAA4. He has given us a suggestion _ we should buy a cottage in the country, with the money we have saved.A. when B. where C. what D. that5. After five hours drive, they reached _ they thought was the place t