句子成分,介词短语,词的搭配ppt课件

1、Part One Preview Knowledge Kong NannanLesson two 2021.09.22I. Sentence Members subject(主主), predicate(谓谓), object(宾宾) attributive(定定) adverbial状状 predicative(表表) complement(补补) appositive (同位语同位语) parenthesis (插入语插入语)知识点扩展：可以带双宾语的常见动词 此类动词以give为代表，常带有“给予的意思。 Allow, assign, ask, award, bring, buy, ca

2、use, fetch, give, hand, leave, offer, owe, pay, post, promise, read, return, sell, send, show, sing, take, telephone, tell, teach, throw, write. Give sb. sth. Give sth. to sb. Eg. Can you buy me a meal? Can I ask you a question? Cause me a lot of trouble.The following points may be important.1. Posi

3、tions of an appositive 同位语同位语(Pay attention to its translation into Chinese.) (1) normal positions (p6) immediately followed by set off by a comma from noun set off by a colon from appositive set off by a dash from set off by an introducing word or phrase from (namely, that is, such as, for example,

4、 .)译法总结译法总结(3种种)： 这个这个这一这一把同位语单独译成一句。把同位语单独译成一句。The term sensitivity灵敏度灵敏度is often used in radio engineering. 灵敏度这一术语经常用于无线电工程中。灵敏度这一术语经常用于无线电工程中。 The word “radar comes from radio detection and ranging.p6 雷达这一术语来自无线电探测与测距。雷达这一术语来自无线电探测与测距。单独译成一句普通有逗号分开时单独译成一句普通有逗号分开时Arithmetic算术算术, the science of nu

5、mbers, is the base of mathematics.p6 算术是一门有关数字的科学，它是数学的根底。算术是一门有关数字的科学，它是数学的根底。The decibel is one tenth of a bel, a unit named after Alexander Graham Bell. 分贝是贝尔的非常之一，而贝尔这个单位是根据亚历山分贝是贝尔的非常之一，而贝尔这个单位是根据亚历山大大格雷厄姆格雷厄姆贝尔的名字命名的。贝尔的名字命名的。译法总结：译法总结： 译成译成“也就是或用破折号引出也就是或用破折号引出This chapter examines the proper

6、ties of an important nonlinear非线性的非线性的device, the diode rectifier整流器整流器. 本章引见了一种重要的非线性设备本章引见了一种重要的非线性设备整整流器。流器。(2) special positions (了解) 主语的同位语处于主语前普通译成独立的一句；或译成“作为 appositive, subject A new technology introduced in the 1960s, laser can pierce the hardest substance such as diamond. 激光是在20世纪60年代开展起来

7、的一项新技术，它能穿透像金刚石这样最巩固的物质。一个句子的同位语处于句子末尾译成单独的一句 , appositive (a noun phrase) A magnet attracts iron materials, a familiar phenomenon. 磁铁能吸引铁质资料，这是大家所熟习的一种景象。2. Complement补语补语p71某些动词带有补足语：let, make, call, find, get, have, keep2在被补足的成分和补足成分之间有以下两种关系： A.主表关系( is 判别法) We call such a material an insulator.

8、 (Such a material is an insulator.) B.主谓关系( 拼接试探 判别法) Metals allow current to flow through them easily. 金属允许电流容易地经过它们。 双宾语与宾语补语的区别： 试探法： I shall give you a book. (You are a book. Give a book to you.) E.g. The magnetic field strength is assigned a symbol H. (保管宾语，assign 可带双宾；两者没有主表关系) They dont know

9、the exact time to start the experiment. (后置定语，没有主谓关系) 3. Parenthetic clause插入语p7A rule for its judgment: Its being crossed out wontaffect the meaning and the structure of the whole sentence. (1) in the main clause Living things too, it now seems certain, obey the laws of physics and chemistry. It no

10、w seems certain that . 如今似乎可以一定的是，生物同样遵照物理和化学的原理。 The density密度of a substance, we recall, is its mass质量per unit volume体积. 大家记得吧，物质的密度就是其单位体积的质量。 (2) in the sub-clause One of the major problems which faced me in writing this book was “digesting the vast literature on computer-based library systems an

11、d presenting it in what I hope is a clear and concise manner. 我在撰写本书过程中所面临的主要问题之一是“消化有关机辅图书馆系统的大量文献资料，并且以我希望的明晰、简约的方式来引见它们。 3using “say = let us say or some type of “what-clause A resistor of say 100 ohms may be connected across C2. 在该容器两端可以并接一个比如说100欧姆的电阻器。 The rules must be few, and, what is more

12、important, simple. 规那么必需求少，而且更为重要的是，要简单。 which amounts to the same thing “换句话说 what is equivalent “换句话说 what is more important what is more “而且；更有甚者 what is the same thing “同样的是；换个说法也一样II. Prepositional Phrases1. Formation (p8) preposition + the object of the preposition (noun or pronoun)2. Function

13、s of a prepositional phraseAdverbial状语状语E.g. In the library there are many books in English.(p9)E.g. This experiment should be done with care. care, skill, ease, difficulty, with accuracy, precision, flexibility, rapidity =their corresponding adverbs 补充知识点1 (2)Attribute定语 - as a postmodifier only Th

14、e switch on the wall near the door of the room is for the ceiling light.p9 门边墙上的开关是用来管顶灯的。(3)Complement补语-mostly the “as-phrase required by many verbs define A as B 把A定义为B regard A as B 把A当作为B refer to A as B 把A称为BThis parameter参数is defined as the ratio of signal to noise. 这个参数被定义为信号和噪声之比。*An increa

15、sing number of engineering designers find it of value to have a working knowledge of electronic computers. 越来越多的工程设计者发现，具备计算机运用知识是有价值的。 of + interest, use, value, help, importance, significance = 名词相对应的描画词 * a few set verbal phrases: ( keep at work; set in motion )Electricity keeps machines at work.

16、 Now set the charges电荷in motion and measure the magnetic force磁力.使电荷运转补充知识点2(4) Predicative表语 Another common approach is through the use of a symmetrical square wave. (对称方波) 另一常用的方法是运用一个对称方波。 (5) Parenthesis 插入语- many set phrases (in fact; of course; for example, ) For example, we can make an electr

17、ical bell with this kind of magnet.(6) Prepositional object介词宾语 - only after a few prepositions, such as “from, except, to, ) The energy from within the earth can be exploited. 可以开发来自地球内部的能量。 The highest order度of accuracy obtainable in using this technique is to within 0.01 percent. 用这种技术获得的精度可以到达0.

18、0001。III. Word CollocationsSet phrases in a word换句话说 take place发生，进展 take the place of替代2. Habitual collocations (1) Some nouns must go with definite verbs. (2)Some verbs, adjectives, and nouns must go with definite prepositions.2. Habitual collocations (1) Some nouns must go with definite verbs. 质量

19、 improve the quality 效率 raise increase the efficiency提高 才干 increase the ability 认识 deepen the understanding 警惕 enhance heighten the vigilance 成就提高 make achievements progress 一致意见 reach complete agreement of views获得 教训 draw lessons 胜利 achieve succes 赞同 obtain consent作一分析比较；研讨 make an analysisa compar

20、ison; a study 作一引见描画；阐明give an introduction a description; an explanation 2Some verbs, adjectives, and nouns must go with definite prepositions.E.g. Laser beams are sent at the moon.(p10) throw aim rush 冲向(vt.) shoot at (vi.) fire at 向开火 emit shout 朝叫喊喝彩 send point (be) representative of = represent

21、 (be) descriptive of = describe (be) characteristic of = characterize (be) parallel to 平行于。 (be) similar to类似于 。动词搭配描画词搭配Emphasis should be laid on the collocation of a noun with a preposition。 A fixed preposition goes before or after a noun. . Before a noun . After a noun An important format of wor

22、d collocation Format: noun of A preposition B名词搭配 A fixed preposition goes before or after a noun. . Before a noun 无线电波向四面八方传播。p11 Radio waves travel in all directions. 为此目的，大学生必需至少掌握一门外语。 For this purpose To this end, college students must master at least one foreign language.E.g. on a large scale大

23、规模地 to a great large extent point, degree在很大程度上 in (a) great large measure在很大程度上 A fixed preposition goes before or after a noun. . After a nounE.g.他们在参与挪动通讯国际会议。p11 They are attending an international conference on mobile communications.E.g. These students are doing an experiment in physics on elec

24、tricity. 这些学生在做物理实验in后跟大学科，on后跟小学科 the research on into; with; for image processing the answer key; solution to (a problem) the preface to (a book) an exception to (a rule) the current through (a component) the voltage across (a component) increase decrease; rise; fall; reduction; variation in condi

25、tion requirement; technique, method; language; skill, equation; expression for An important format of word collocation Format: noun of A preposition B The translation can be further classified as the followingthree sub-classes: . The “noun is an ordinary abstract noun. Translation pattern: “A。B的的 E.

26、g. The advantage of TDMA over SCPC is that more ground stations can share a single satellite transponder应对器应对器. TDMA 与与SCPC相比的优点是更多的地面站可共享相比的优点是更多的地面站可共享一个卫星应对器。一个卫星应对器。 . E.g. Translation pattern: “A。B的 the ratio of A to B the effect of A on upon B the relationship of A to B the distance of A from

27、B familiarity of A with B the similarity of A to B . The “noun comes from an intransitive verb(不及物动词), in which case “A is the logical subject of the logical action expressed by the “noun. Translation pattern: “A。B的 This curve shows the dependence of the output on upon the input. 该曲线画出了输出对于输入的依赖关系。

28、All conductors offer small resistance to the passage of electrons through them. (pass through) 电子流过导体时，遇到的阻力很小。 . E.g. the passage of A through B-pass through the motion of A round around B the departure of A from B the reaction of A to B A对B的作用 the variation of A with B . The “noun comes from a tra

29、nsitive verb, in which case “A is the logical object of the action expressed by the “noun.Translation technique: The “noun is put into a transitive verb . E.g. In solving the problem, the resolution of this force into x- and y-components is necessary. 在解这个题的时候，需求把这个力分解为x分量y分量。E.g. Gradually, the use

30、fulness of microprocessors as central processing unit was realized.人们逐渐地实现了把微分处置器用作中央处置器。 . E.g.p12 a comparison of A with B：把A与B相比较 the resolution of A into B：把A分解为B the exposure of A to B：使A接触B the use of A as B：把A 用作为B the definition of A into to B：把A定义为B the separation of A from into B * One Mor

31、e Pattern: p13 noun (from vt.) of A logical object by B logical subject The formulation确立of the theory of relativity相对论by Einstein was one of the most significant events of the 20th century.Review 质量 improve the quality 效率 raise increase the efficiency提高 才干 increase the ability 认识 deepen the underst

32、anding 警惕 enhance heighten the vigilance 成就提高 make achievements progress 一致意见 reach complete agreement of views获得 教训 draw lessons 胜利 achieve succes 赞同 obtain consent作一分析比较；研讨 make an analysisa comparison; a study 作一引见描画；阐明give an introduction a description; an explanation the research on into; with; for image processing the answer key; solution to (a problem) the preface