河北工程大学英语协会之新视野四第一单元

1、 河北工程大学英语协会N H C EN H C E N H C EN H C EThe Tail of FameN H C EN H C E BrainstormingDiscussionsProverbs about Fame and SuccessN H C EN H C EBrainstorming Words to express “成功” successhitachievementvictorytriumph fortune accomplishmentfruit harvestWords about the topic pessimistic motivebudding spotl

2、ightTropical jungle Permanently Public favorSophisticated Single-mindedfraud悲观的悲观的永远地永远地公众宠爱公众宠爱高深的高深的动机动机崭露头角的崭露头角的聚光灯聚光灯热带雨林热带雨林骗局骗局ReviewPreview一心一意一心一意seek famethe conquest of famegain famehasten popularitylose the favorgain fortunefame game the circle of public favorfind famequest for fameseek

3、fortunePreviewBrainstorming Expressions related to “fame”N H C EN H C EN H C EN H C EDiscussions Q1: What do people seek fame for?1) For a rise in social position?2) For abundance of wealth?3) For drowning in fames glory?4) For refinement of social taste?5) For assimilation into high society?TipsDis

4、cussionsN H C EN H C E Q2: What side effects does seeking fame have?1) lose your identity and freedom2) make your life far from what you wish3) deprive you of your privacy4) be depressed by the public media5) be afraid of lose favor of the public6) endure the pressure of the public7) suffer psycholo

5、gical illness8) dare not to show ones true selfTipsProverbs about Fame and Success1.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世上无难事世上无难事, ,只要肯登攀只要肯登攀. .2.Industry is the parent of success.成功源于勤奋成功源于勤奋. .3.Still waters run deep.静水流深静水流深. .4.The longest journey begins with the first step.千里之行千里之行, ,始于足

6、下始于足下. .N H C EN H C EUnderstandingZooming WordsText SummarySentence Pattern Text StudyN H C EN H C EN H C EN H C EUnderstandingQuestions Answering Key and Difficult Sentences Chase its own tail, Reference : 1. Questions to Comprehension1). Why does the writer compare an artist who seeks fame to a d

7、og chasing its own tail?Because like a dog chasing its own tail, when the artist captures the fame, he does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.N H C EN H C EReference Words: a lack of continuity in its appeal, sustain the attention of the public. 1. Questions to Comprehension2) if a

8、rtists become bored What will happen ? Their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public.N H C EN H C EReferenceDiscount the style1. Questions to Comprehension3. Why is it possible for artists to lose support from the audienc

9、es if they make changes to their style?Because the public discounts styles other than those for which the artists have becomefamous.N H C EN H C EReference Words: freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms1. Questions to Comprehension4) What do famous persons have to give up in order t

10、o maintain their fame and fortune? Their freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms.N H C EN H C EReference Words: pay a heavy price for remaining true to themselves.1. Questions to Comprehension5) Why does the author adopt the example of Oscar Wildes uncompromising behavior? Artists p

11、ay a heavy price for remaining true to themselves.N H C EN H C EReference Words: Sophisticated 1. Questions to Comprehension6) What explanation may failed artists give tothemselves for their failure?Their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences.N H C EN H C EReference Words: Failure m

12、otivated some famous people1. Questions to Comprehension7). Why are Thomas Wolfe, Beethoven, Pestalozzi, and Thomas Edison mentioned in Paragraph 8?To show that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed.N H C EN H C EReference Words: try to be happy; try to do work; be

13、proud of1. Questions to Comprehension8) What does the author suggest to do in the last paragraph? Instead of trying so hard to achieve success, try to be happy with who you are and what you do. Try to do work that you can be proud of.N H C EN H C E2. Key and Difficult SentencesEven under the most fa

14、vorable circumstances, gaining fame is difficult, and in the end many artists fail emotionally even if they do not fail financially. 追求出人头地，最乐观地说也是困难重重，许多追求出人头地，最乐观地说也是困难重重，许多人在最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。人在最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。1. An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captu

15、res it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. (Para.1)N H C EN H C ESb. who do sth. be like sb. else doing sth. else做某事的人如同他人做做某事的人如同他人做(表类比表类比) A teenager who is addicted to the internet is like one taking drugs who, once addicted to it, does not know what else to do but to cont

16、inue seeking thrill from it.1. An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. (Para.1)N H C EN H C E“” is advice frequently given by sb. to sb. else who do sth. “”是某人常常给做某事的人提是某人常常给做某事的人提出的建议。出的建议。“Idlen

17、ess in youth spells regret in old age!” is advice frequently given by the old to those who show a lack of the desire to advance.2)“Dont quit your day job!” is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed. (Para.2)N

18、 H C EN H C E我不清楚这件事情的经过我不清楚这件事情的经过3). They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur. (Para.3) market: vt. to promote aggressively: adv. exaggeratedly hasten popularity: makepopular quickly a blur: the state of

19、being unclear to sb.The whole thing is a blur to me.N H C EN H C EWhen one becomes bored (with sth./ sb.), sth. or sb. begin to show a lack of continuity in and it becomes difficult to do sth. else. 若人（对某事若人（对某事/人）感到厌烦，某事人就人）感到厌烦，某事人就难以继续保持难以继续保持，也就难以，也就难以When you remain true to your moral norms, te

20、mptation begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to exert any effect on you.4)When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public. (Para.3)

21、N H C EN H C E5) After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month. (Para.3)dissolve本义是溶解的意思，这里意为消失flavor of the month短暂的时髦(可以指人、无、想法等) 公众的热情消磨之后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人.Any flavor of the month, like a flash in the pan, will lose its appeal to the public before lo

22、ng. N H C EN H C E有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。危险。6) Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audiences favor. (Para.3)N H C EN

23、H C ESb. who do attempt to do sth. by doing sth. else, run a risk of . 某人为了做某事，会某人为了做某事，会，但这将冒，但这将冒的危的危险。险。Some students who do attempt to enliven their school life by playing online games from time to time run a risk of getting addicted to it. 6) Artists who do attempt to remain current by making e

24、ven minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audiences favor. (Para.3)N H C EN H C E7) The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers Zhangyimou. (Para.4)同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌

25、或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。是如此。 The same is true of 这也同样适用于这也同样适用于The art of living is to know how to enjoy a little and to endure much. The same is true of our marriage.N H C EN H C E8. However, they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or form

26、s. (Para.4)To pay for sth. By doing sth else 为某事付出代价为某事付出代价 Sooner or later you will pay for your laziness by working more hard to pass the make-up tests. 早晚你会为你的懒惰付出代价，那就是：你将会早晚你会为你的懒惰付出代价，那就是：你将会付出更多的努力来通过补考。付出更多的努力来通过补考。N H C EN H C E9) One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of

27、a mans soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing. (Para.6)to remain / be true to sth. (form / type / life / ones word / oneself) He remained true to his word and never let the cat out of the bag. 他说话算数，从未泄露这个秘密。他说话算数，从未泄露这个秘密。N H C EN H C E10) When things

28、were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense. (Para.6)在最糟糕的时候，他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒在最糟糕的时候，他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒险来替他说话。险来替他说话。When sth. / sb. be at their worst / best / prime, sb. find that 某事人处于最糟好的时侯，某事人处于最糟好的时侯，某人发现某人发现在他处于最佳状态时，这个人发现他也能成就在他处于最佳状态时，这个人发现他也能

29、成就先前从未做成的事。先前从未做成的事。 。When at his best, the person found that he could get done what he had never before.N H C EN H C E11). His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans the most.(Para.6)为保持真我，他付出的代价是，在最需要崇拜者时，谁也为保持真我，他付出的代价是，在最需要崇拜者时，谁也不理他。不理他。Ones price for d

30、oing sth. is to do sth. else. 为了做某事，某人所付出的代价是为了做某事，某人所付出的代价是为了赢得名气，她所付出的代价是失去了无拘为了赢得名气，她所付出的代价是失去了无拘无束生活的自由。无束生活的自由。Her price for gaining fame was to lose the freedom to lead a free and easy life.N H C EN H C E12) And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he

31、ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education.(Para.6) 问题的关键，不是你想出了多少主意，而是你问题的关键，不是你想出了多少主意，而是你的哪个主意能使你走向成功。的哪个主意能使你走向成功。What matters is not how many ideas you have come upon, but which idea of yours will lead to

32、your success. N H C EN H C EZooming WordspessimisticdrownsustainminutediscountdistinctobjectAccusejustifydesperateN H C EN H C E1) pessimistic:反义词反义词 : optimistic词形变化：词形变化：pessimism; optimism; pessimist; optimist There is no reason to be pessimistic about the future.没有理由对未来悲观失望。没有理由对未来悲观失望。 adj. exp

33、ecting bad things will happen in the future or that sth. will have a bad result 悲观的N H C EN H C E2) drown :How many men drowned when the boat capsized ?船翻时多少人淹死了？船翻时多少人淹死了？Dont bother him, he is drowning in solving the problem.别烦他，他正在解决这个问题了。别烦他，他正在解决这个问题了。 a. have a very strong feeling or a serious

34、 problem that is difficult to deal with. 困于 b. die from being under water for a long time. 淹死N H C EN H C E3) sustain :战争期间战争期间, , 我们的食物仅够维持生活我们的食物仅够维持生活 vt. make sht. continue to exist for a period of time. 持续，维持During the war we had just enough food to sustain us. Sustainable developmentN H C EN H

35、 C EThese four posts sustain the entire building.We do not have enough money to sustain our campaign for long. 3. He sustained a foot injury. How long will you sustain the rudeness of your boss?5. Sustained by you, I, at long last, finished my work N H C EN H C E4) minute :There were minute differen

36、ces between the two copies.这两份文件之间差别很小。这两份文件之间差别很小。The doctor made a minute study of the illness.那个医生对病作了详细的研究。那个医生对病作了详细的研究。 adj. very small 微小的N H C EN H C E5) discount:Tom discounts styles other than his own.汤姆只相信自己的风格。汤姆只相信自己的风格。The store promised to discount prices at 10% . 这家商店承诺打九折。这家商店承诺打九折。

37、 vt. a. regard sth. as unlikely to be true or important!不相信；看轻 b. reduce the price of sth 打折N H C EN H C Eat a discount; give sb. a discountA scheme which lets tenants buy their homes at a discount可以让租户以折扣价买房的计划可以让租户以折扣价买房的计划 N H C EN H C E6) distinct :The party split into two distinct groups.政党分裂为截

38、然不同的两大帮派。政党分裂为截然不同的两大帮派。There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English.你的口语有了明显的提高。你的口语有了明显的提高。 adj. a. clearly different 不同的 b. able to be clearly seen, heard and etc.清楚的N H C EN H C Edefinite；clear-cut；exact；obvious； unmistakable； precise； clear；plaindiverse separate dissimilar different N

39、 H C EN H C E7) object :I will not wear this dress if you object to it. 你不同意的话我就不穿这件衣服了。你不同意的话我就不穿这件衣服了。 vi. oppose or disapprove of sth.反对no object 不成问题：不成问题：A tycoon for whom money is no object.N H C EN H C E8) accuse:We accused him of taking/seeking/receiving bribes. 我们控告他受贿。我们控告他受贿。 vt. say that

40、 sb. is guilty.指控For more N H C EN H C EAccuse: accuse sb of doing sth Blame : blame sb, blame sth on sb. blame sb for doing sth, be to blame for doing sth Charge : charge sb with sth.,Condemn: condemn sb as Criticize: criticize sb for doing sth Scold : scold sb for doing sth 8) accuse: vt. say that

41、 sb. is guilty.指控N H C EN H C E She is _ with murdering her husband. We love peace and we strongly _war. If i walk in wearing muddy boots, Dad will _ me. The children were not to _for the accident. The man had been _ of kidnapping a movie star and was found guilty in court. The terrorist action was

42、_as an act of cruelty and barbarism. He _his lack of confidence on his mother. Doctors _the government for failing to invest enough in the health care.scoldchargedcondemnblameaccusedcondemnedblamedcriticizedN H C EN H C E9) justify:He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解

43、。他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。How can you justify spending so much money?你怎么能对花掉这么多钱做出令人满意的解释呢你怎么能对花掉这么多钱做出令人满意的解释呢? v. show that there is a good reason for sth. that other people think is unreasonable guilty. 为辩护N H C EN H C E10)desperate:He is desperate for a job to support his family.他急需一份工作养家糊口。他急需一份工作养家糊

44、口。 The missing mans family are getting increasingly desperate.失踪者的家人越来越绝望。失踪者的家人越来越绝望。 adj. a. need or want sth. very much 迫切的 b. very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situation. 绝望的N H C EN H C EWriting Model Text Structure Analysis Paragraph Analysis N H C EN H C EPart IPart IIIP

45、art IIPara.1Para.2-8Para.9ArgumentationSupporting DetailsConclusionN H C EN H C EWriting Model Argumentation: Chasing fame often leads to self-destruction. (Para. 1)Conclusion: The writers advice to those seeking fame and fortune. (Para. 9)An artist is hard to be both successful and uncompromising.

46、(Para. 6)The greatest winnersinitially failed in the conquest of fame.(Para. 7) Examples of those who failed many times before their final success.(Para. 8)Some negative effects(Paras. 2-5)Paragraph Analysis N H C EN H C EText Structure Analysis Main idea？ Devices for developing it ?N H C EN H C ETo

47、 seek fame is just like a dog chasing his tail. Those who seek fame will result in destructionPart Main idea ?Part (Para. 1)Part Devices for developing it?Similie. To make his statement more convincing, the writer adopts the rhetorical device “simile”, as shown in the first sentence “An artist who s

48、eeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail”. N H C EN H C ETo conquest of fame is difficult at best. To sustain their fame, people have to give up many things, freedom, etc. For most people, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning.Part Part (Paras. 2-8)Part Main idea ?Devices for d

49、eveloping it?General to specific. To explain the details of those who seek fame.N H C EN H C ERather than try so hard to seek fame, you should be happy with what you are and do what you are strong in. Maybe you wont be famous in your own lifetime, but you may create better art.Main idea ?Part Part (

50、Para. 9)Part Devices for developing it?InductionN H C EN H C ESb. who do sth. be like sb. else doing sth. else who, whenonce , When one becomes bored (with sth. / sb.), sth. or sb. begin to show a lack of continuity in and it becomes difficult to do sth. else.Sb. find comfort in knowing / thinking t

51、hat or in knowing / thinking that Sentence PatternN H C EN H C EN H C EN H C EN H C EN H C EN H C EN H C EJust as a dog chases its own tail, _fame often leads to self-destruction. As the writer argues, the _of fame is difficult at best, for many _up emotionally if not financially bankrupt. Even thos

52、e who gain fame are hard-pressed to _their fans favor, because making changes to their popular style leaves them with a _ risk of losing favor with their fans. To sustain their fame, they have to give up the _ to express themselves with any style other than their famous one. seekingsustainendconques

53、tminutesignificantfreedomText SummaryN H C EN H C EOddly, the greatest winners are those who _true to their _for success after repeated failures. For most people,_, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning. Rather than try so hard to seek fame, you should be happy with what you are an

54、d do what you are _in. Maybe you wont be famous in your own_, but you may create better art.remainstronghoweverquestlifetimeText SummaryN H C EN H C E English Equivalents of ChineseEnglish to ChineseN H C EN H C EEnglish Equivalents of ChineseN H C EN H C EEnglish Equivalents of ChineseN H C EN H C

55、E run a/the risk accuse sb. of sth. remain/be true to throw out at bestEnglish to ChineseN H C EN H C E come on/upon be intimate with pay for be hard-pressed to end upEnglish to ChineseN H C EN H C Eencouragemake sth. more quicklymagnificenttiredvery smallnot working admire spur hasten imperial bore

56、d minute idle worshipN H C EN H C Ea secret planoppose or disapprovelawyervery muchmake sth. dirty plot object attorney desperately contaminateN H C EN H C ESuch writing begins with an introduction of the writers general statement about the issue in question. This part, as the main body of writing,

57、serves to present the specific argumentation so as to make the statement above more convincing.The writing concludes with the writers constructive advice on how to deal with the issue concerned.General StatementSpecific ArgumentationConclusion N H C EN H C EPattern of WritingExample abridged from th

58、e textTopic: The Tail of FameOutlines: 你对追求名气的看法；你对追求名气的看法； 对你的观点进行深入论述；对你的观点进行深入论述；1. 你的建议。你的建议。N H C EN H C EPattern of WritingThe Tail of FamePara. 1 Any artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. Th

59、e cruelty of success is that it often leads such seekers to participate in their own destruction.Para. 2 On the one hand, the conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt. On the other hand, N H C EN H C EPattern of Writingthose who gain fame are har

60、d-pressed to sustain the publics favor. When they become bored, for example, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to hold the interest of the public. Some artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their popular style ru