精选小学校长竞聘演讲稿范文.doc

1、.精品文档 .精选小学校长竞聘演讲稿范文otter in summer than in winter i think we can probablyagree that it is hotter in summer than in winter, butwhy and finally,would you be able to andyou can sortof scribble it, if you like scribble a plan diagramof the solar system, showing the shape of the planetsorbitswould you b

2、e able to do thatand ifyou can, justscribble a pattern.第三个问题，为什么夏天比冬天热大家应该都同意夏天比冬天还热但为何如此最后，你能不能简单的勾勒出太阳系的平面图.呈现出行星轨道运行的形状你可以画得出来吗你画得出来的话，就把形状画出来ok. now, childrenget theirideas not from teachers,as teachersoftenthink,but actuallyfrom commonsense,from experience of the world around them, from all the

3、things that go on between them and their peers, andtheircarers,andtheirparents,and allofthat.experience.and one of the greatexpertsin thisfield,of course, was, bless him, cardinal wolsey. be verycareful what you get into peoples heads because itsvirtually impossible to shift it afterwards, right好，孩童

4、对事物的概念不是老师教的老师时常这么以2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创1/18.精品文档 .为，但实际上概念来自于常理来自于孩童对周遭世界的体验 来自于他们跟同伴彼此交流还有跟保姆、父母亲、所有人交流的经验这个领域中的一个专家，对了，愿他安息就是渥西主教，他说要你将东西放进其他人的闹袋里的时候要小心因为那些东西几乎不会再改变，对吧(laughter)(笑声)im not quite sure how he died, actually. was hebeheaded in the end, or hung我不太清楚他的死因，真的他最后上了断头台还是被吊死(lau

5、ghter)(笑声)now, those questions, which, of course, youve got right, and you havent been conferring, and so on. andi you know, normally, i would pick people out and humiliate, but maybe not in this instance.现在回到那四个问题，大家都知道是什么问题了你们彼此之间也没有讨论答案我平时习惯点人站起来回答让他丢脸不过这次就不点了a littleseed weighs a lotand, basical

6、ly,allthisstuff, 99 percent of this stuff, came out of the air.2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创2/18.精品文档 .now, i guarantee that about 85 percentof you,ormaybeits fewer at ted, will have said it comes out of theground. and some people, probablytwo ofyou,willcomeup and argue withme afterwards,and sayt

7、hatactually,it comes out of the ground. now,ifthatwas true,wedhave trucks going round the country, filling peoplesgardens in with soil, itd be a fantasticbusiness.but,actually, we dont do that. the mass of this comes outof the air. now, ipassed all my biologyexams in britain.i passed them really wel

8、l, but i stillcame outof schoolthinking that that stuff came out of the ground.种籽可以很重，基本上所有的这些99%都来自于空气我相信有 85%的人，或许在你们 ted会比较少会说木材来自于大地，而有些人也许你们中的一两位，可能结束后会来找我争论 说木材其实是来自于大地若是如此，那我们就会有让卡车跑来跑去把人们的花园都填上土，那会是很棒的生意。 不过实际上我们不会那么做因为木材的材料大部分其实是从空气中来的我在英国念书时考生物每考必过我的成绩很好，但毕业后还是以为木材来自于大地second one: can you

9、light a little torchbulb witha battery bulb and one piece of wire yes, you can, andill show you in a second how to do that. now, i have2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创3/18.精品文档 .some rather bad news, which is that i had a piece ofvideo thati was about to show you, whichunfortunatelythe sound doesnt

10、work in this room, so im going todescribe to you, in true monty python fashion, whathappens in the video. and in the video, a group ofresearchers go to mit on graduation day. we chose mitbecause, obviously, thats a very long way away fromhere, and you wouldnt mind too much, but it sort ofworks the s

11、ame way in britain and in the west coast ofthe usa. and we asked them thesequestions,and we askedthose questionsof science graduates,and they couldntanswer them. and so, theres a whole lot of peoplesaying,idbe verysurprisedifyou toldme thatthiscame outoftheair.thats verysurprisingto me. andthose are

12、 science graduates. and we intercut it with,we are the premier science university in the world,because of britishlike hubris.你能用一枚电池和一根电线点亮灯泡吗是，你可以，我会示范怎么做。不过，现在有个坏消息本来有个影片要给大家看可惜在这边声音放不出来所以我就口头描述一下的，用巨蟒剧团的表演方式，影片内容是这样的，在影片里有一群研究员在毕业典礼那天去麻省理工学院为什2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创4/18.精品文档 .么是麻省理工呢因为它离

13、这里很远大家也就不会太介意不过场景设在英国结果也差不多或是设在美国西岸我们问了麻省理工的毕业生这四个问题这些理工科毕业生也答不出来而且还有很多学生表示“我很惊讶你说木材是从空气中来的”这真的让我很吃惊“，那些理工的毕业生这么说 我们用” 我们是全球第一的理工大学“来作影片的结尾。因为英国人很傲慢(laughter)(笑声)and when we gave graduateengineersthatquestion,they said it couldnt be done. and when we gave thema battery, and a piece of wire, and a bu

14、lb, and said,can you do it they couldnt do it. right and thatsno different from imperial college in london, by theway, itsnot some sortof antiamericanthinggoingon.我们拿第二个问题去问硕士毕业的工程师们他们说这不可能做得到我们拿了电池、电线、和灯泡问他们”你能做到吗“，他们没办法，是吧顺道一提，伦敦的帝国学院的情况估计也差不多如此我们不是在做什么反美的事as if. now, the reason this matters is we

15、 pay lotsand lots of money for teaching people we might as well get it right. and there are also some societal reasons2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创5/18.精品文档 .why we might want people to understand what it is thats happening in photosynthesis. for example, one half ofthe carbon equation is how muc

16、h we emit, and the other half of the carbon equation, as im very conscious asa trustee of kew, is how much things soak up, and they soak up carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.虽然听来颇像。问题的关键是我们花了很多钱来教育大众，我们应该正确地来做这件事。其中也有一些社会因素 让我们想使大众了解光合作用如何运作例如，有一半的碳储量是人类排放的而另一半碳储量我相当关切，身为皇家植物园的受托管理人thats what pla

17、nts actually do for a living. and,foranyfinnishpeopleintheaudience,thisisafinnishpun: we are,both literallyand metaphorically,skating on thin ice if we dont understand that kindof , heres how you do the battery and the bulb. itsso easy, isnt it of course, you all knew that. but ifyou haventplayedwit

18、ha batteryand a bulb,ifyouveonly seen a circuit diagram, you might not be able todo that, and thats one of the problems.是植物吸收多少二氧化碳植物就是以此维生的如果在场有芬兰人，这是芬兰话的双关语我们无论在实际上或2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创6/18.精品文档 .隐喻上，都是如履薄冰要是我们不明白那些事电池和灯泡只要这要做就行很简单，不是吗你们都懂了但要是你没有亲手碰过电池和灯泡如果你只看过电路图你可能就做不出来，这是个麻烦so, why

19、is it hotter in summer than in winter welearn, as children, that you get closer to somethingthats hot, and it burns you. its a very powerful bitof learning,andit happens pretty earlyon. byextension, we think to ourselves, why its hotter insummer than in winter must be because were closer tothe sun.

20、i promise you that most of you will have gotthat. oh, youreallshakingyour heads,but only a fewof you are shaking your heads very firmly.那么，为何夏天比冬天热我们从小就知道，离热的东西太近 你就被烫到，这真很有效的教育方法很小的时候大家就学到了 延伸这个论点，我们觉得夏天比冬天热一定是因为我们离太阳比较近我相信大多人都懂了哦，大家都在摇头不过只有几个人摇得很坚定other ones are kind of going like this. all right.

21、its hotter in summer than in winter because the raysfrom the sun are spread out more, right, because of the tilt of the earth. and if you think the tilt is tilting2016 全新精品资料- 全新公文范文-全程指导写作独家原创7/18.精品文档 .us closer, no, it isnt. the sun is 93 million miles away, and were tilting like this, right it m

22、akes noodds. in fact, in the northern hemisphere, were further from the sun in summer, as it happens, but it makes no odds, the difference.其他人只是这样子摇而已，好吧夏天比冬天热是因为太阳的辐射线传播得比较多，地球倾斜的关系如果你以为是朝太阳的方向倾斜，那就错了太阳离地球1 亿5 千万公里，地球倾斜角度大略如此倾斜不是差别所在，在北半球夏天时我们离太阳更远跟倾斜没有关系ok, now, the scribble of the diagram of the

23、solarsystem.ifyou believe,as most of you probablydo, thatitshotterinsummer than inwinterbecausewerecloserto the sun, you must have drawn an ellipse.rightthat would explain it, right except, in your yourenodding now,in your ellipse,have you thought,well,what happens during the night好，问题四是画出太阳系的平面图如果大

24、家相信，大多数可能都相信夏天比冬天热是因为地球离太阳较近大家应该都画了椭圆形对吧这就能解释了吧除非，你点头了，你画了个椭圆形你有想过，夜晚又是怎么回事betweenaustraliaand here, right,theyvegot2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创8/18.精品文档 .summer and weve got winter, and what does the earth kind of rush towards the sun at night, and then rush back again i mean, its a very strang

25、e thing going on,and we hold these two models in our head, of whats right and what isnt right, and we do that, as human beings, in all sorts of fields.澳洲和美国这边，澳洲是夏天这边是冬天，难道说地球在晚上会冲向太阳然后再冲回来这实在很奇怪我们脑中有两种思考模式，对的和错的身为人类，我们在很多领域都这样思考so,herescopernicusviewofwhatthesolarsystem looked like as a plan. thats

26、 pretty much what you should have on your piece of paper. right and thisis nasas view. theyre stunningly similar. i notice the coincidence here.hope you左边是哥白尼画的太阳系平面图跟你们纸上画的差不多，对吧右边是nasa的版本，两张图非常相似我希望大家注意其中的巧合要是你知道人们有错误观念what would you do if you knew that people had this misconception, right, in the

27、ir heads, of ellipticalorbits caused by our experiences as children what sort of diagram would you show them of the solar system, to2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创9/18.精品文档 .show that its not really like that youd show themsomething like this, wouldnt you its a plan, looking down from above. but, n

28、o, look what i found in the textbooks. thats what you show people, right你会怎么做在他们脑中，楕圆形的轨道是他们儿时经验教的吗你会给他们看什么样的太阳系示意图证明太阳系不是他们想的那样你会给他们看这种图吗这是俯瞰的平面图可是并非如此，瞧瞧我在教科书里找到的你会给他们看这种图对吧thesearefromtextbooks,fromwebsites,educational websites and almost anything you pick upis like that. and the reason its like

29、that is becauseits dead boring to have a load of concentric circles,whereas thatsmuch more exciting,to lookat somethingat that angle, isnt it right出自教科书出自教育站你找得到的几乎都是这种图会以这种视角呈现是因为只有一堆同心圆太死板无趣从这种视角看太阳系比较新鲜刺激不是吗and by doing it at that angle, if youve got that misconception in your head, then that two

30、dimensionalrepresentation of a threedimensional thing will be ellipses. so youve its crap, isnt it really as we2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创10/18.精品文档 .say.因为弄成这种视角如果你脑中有了这种误解用二度空间来呈现三度空间就会变成椭圆形这真是糟糕，可不是吗so, these mental models welookforevidencethatreinforcesourmodels. we dothis, of course, withm

31、attersof race,and politics,and everythingelse,andwe do itinscienceas well.so we look,justlookandscientistsdo it,constantlywelookforevidencethatreinforces our models, and some folks are just all tooable andwillingto provide theevidencethatreinforces the models.因此，我们寻求证据来增强我们的心智模式我们用这种方式处理种族、政治、所有事当然也

32、用这种方式处理科学，我们只观看是科学家在这么做，我们不断寻求证据来增强我们的心智模式，有些人很有办法也乐意提供证据来增强那些模式so,being im inthe unitedstates,illhavea digat the europeans. these are examples of what i wouldsay is bad practice in science teaching centers.所以我现在人在美国，就会说欧洲人的坏话这些图片都是我认为不良的科学教育2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创11/18.精品文档 .these pictures

33、 are from la villette in france andthe welcome wing of the science museum in london. and, if you look at the, kind of the way these things are constructed, theres a lot of mediation by glass, andits very blue, and kind of professional in that way that, you know, woody allen comes up from under the s

34、heets in that scene in annie hall, and said, god, thats so professional. and that you dont theres no passion in it, and its not hands on, right, and, you know, pun intended.类似教学中心，这些图取自法国维叶特科博馆以及伦敦科博馆的迎宾翼展示区你看看这些东西建成的模样有很多玻璃隔板，蓝光色调，弄得很专业似的那种方式，就像是伍迪艾伦从床单里冒出来在安妮霍尔戏中的那一幕 他说“老天，这真是太专业了”这其中没有热情，没有动手参与，是

35、吗这是个双关，不过也有好的教学方法whereas good interpretation ill use an examplefrom nearby issan franciscoexploratorium,where allthe things that the demonstrations, and so on, aremadeoutofeverydayobjectsthatchildrencanunderstand,itsvery handson, and they can engage with,and experiment with. and i know that if the g

36、raduates2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创12/18.精品文档 .at mit and in the imperial college in london had hadthe battery and the wire and the bit of stuff, and youknow, been able to do it, they would have learned howitactuallyworks,ratherthanthinkingthattheyfollowcircuitdiagramsandcantdoit.sogoodinterpre

37、tationis more about thingsthatare bodged andstuffed and of my world, right and things that wherethere isnt an extra barrier of a piece of glass ormachined titanium, and it all looks fantastic, ok我举一个例子，离这里很近，旧金山探索馆在那里所有的东西，展示品之类的都是用孩子能懂的日常用品做成的 都可以动手玩，孩子们可以专心玩好好体验我知道麻省理工毕业生以及伦敦帝国学院毕业生手上有电池电线点亮灯泡的话他们

38、会明白其中的原理而不是觉得他们照着电路图来做是做不到的好的教学方法不是沉溺陶醉在自己世界里对吧那些东西也不该被隔着用玻璃或是钛制品隔开看起来很漂亮就好，好吗and the exploratoriumdoes thatreally,reallywell.and its amateur, but amateur in the best sense, inother words, the root of the word being of love andpassion.旧金山探索馆在这点做得非常好看上去很业余，但业2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创13/18.精品文档

39、 .余得很对头也就是说，根本的出发点是出自爱和热情so, childrenare not empty vessels,okso,as montypython would have it, this is a bit lord privy sealto say so, but thisis childrenare not empty vessels.所以，孩童不是空瓶子用“巨蟒剧团”的说法就是有点像英国掌玺大臣会说的意思是说孩童不是空无一物的瓶子theycome withtheirownideasandtheirowntheories,and unlessyou work withthose,t

40、hen you wontbe able to shift them, right他们生来就有自己的想法和理念如果你没从这些地方着手，就改变不了他们对吧and i probably havent shifted your ideas of howtheworldanduniverseoperates,either.butthisapplies,equally,tomatters oftrying to sell newtechnology.我大概没有改变大家的想法对于世界和宇宙到底如何运作不过这些道理同样可以用在推销新科技上也for example, we are, in britain, we

41、re trying to do a digital switchover of the whole population into digital technology for television.例如，在英国，我们试着把全部的电视都换成新科技2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创14/18.精品文档 .的数位电视and its one of the difficult things is that when people have preconceptions of how it all works, its quite difficult to shift th

42、ose.有个难题是人们对事物运作的方式一旦有了成见就很难去改变so werenotempty vessels;thementalmodels thatwehaveaschildrenpersistintoadulthood.poorteaching actually does more harm than good.我们不是空瓶子，我们保有心智模式从幼年到成年一直都存在不良的教学是弊多于利inthiscountryandinbritain,magnetismisunderstood better by children before theyve been toschoolthanafterw

43、ards,oksame forgravity,twoconcepts, so its which is quite humbling, as a, youknow, ifyourea teacher,and you look beforeand after,thatsquiteworrying.theydoworseintestsafterwards, after the teaching.在美国和英国，在磁力知识上孩童在就学前学得比较好 重力知识也一样，两个不同概念，这实在可悲如果你是个老师，看见受教前和受教后的差别实在令人忧心，学童在受教后考得更差2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文

44、-全程指导写作独家原创15/18.精品文档 .and we collude. we design tests, or at least inbritain, so that people pass them. right and governments do very well. they pat themselves on the back. ok我们都是共犯，我们设计测验方式至少在英国是这样，好让人们能通过考试政府也帮了不少忙，他们推波助澜懂吗we collude, and actually if you if someone haddesigned a test for me when i was doing my biologyexams,to really understand, to see whether id understoodmore thanjus