Of Studies赏析PPT学习教案

1、会计学1Of Studies赏析赏析PPT课件课件Francis Bacon(1561-1626)第1页/共33页第2页/共33页In 1561born in LondonIn 1573entered Cambridge UniversityIn 1579his father passed awayIn 1582received the Qualification for LawyerIn 1606Married Alice Barnham BaconIn 1626Mar. made an experimentApr. died of bronchitisBacons Main Experie

2、ncesBacons chief contribution to posterity lies in his role as the founder of materialism in philosophy and science in England.第3页/共33页第4页/共33页Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates (1612, enlarged 1625)Of Regimen of Health (1597, enlarged 1612, again 1625)Of Suspicion (1625)Of Discourse (159

3、7, slightly enlarged 1612, again 1625)Of Plantations (1625)Of Riches (1612, much enlarged 1625)Of Prophecies (1625)Of Ambition (1612, enlarged 1625)Of Masques and Triumphs (1625)Of Nature in Men (1612, enlarged 1625)Of Custom and Education (1612, enlarged 1625)Of Fortune (1612, slightly enlarged 162

4、5)Of Usury (1625)Of Youth and Age (1612, slightly enlarged 1625)Of Beauty (1612, slightly enlarged 1625)Of Deformity (1612, somewhat altered 1625)Of Building (1625)Of Gardens (1625)Of Negotiating (1597, enlarged 1612, very slightly altered 1625)Of Followers and Friends (1597, slightly enlarged 1625)

5、Of Suitors (1597, enlarged 1625)Of Studies (1597, enlarged 1625)Of Faction (1597, much enlarged 1625)Of Ceremonies and Respects (1597, enlarged 1625)Of Praise (1612, enlarged 1625)Of Vain Glory (1612)Of Honour and Reputation (1597, omitted 1612, republished 1625)Of Judicature (1612)Of Anger (1625)Of

6、 Vicissitude of Things (1625)A Fragment of an Essay of FameOf the Colours of Good and Evil第5页/共33页the range of theme , but also brings forth the looser and more persuasive style.The essays are well-arranged and enriched by Biblical allusions, metaphors and cadence.第6页/共33页第7页/共33页Studies serve for d

7、elight, for ornament, and for ability.Reading has three functions.It delights you;it beautifies you; and it strengthens your ability.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.The delight

8、of reading lies in your private life and retirement. The beautifying of reading lies in how you talk to others.The way reading strengthens your ablity lies in your act of judging, how you assess a person or situation or event and how you deal with it.privateness: private lifediscourse: carrying on a

9、 conversation第8页/共33页For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.for: although, despite expert men: men of experience(the English adjective being used in its Latin

10、sense,experti)Although men with great experience could judge the affairs from each situation and accomplish them well,men who are learned always are the best one to have command of the general direction,the plan and the arrangement.execute: carry through, accomplishcounsel: directionplot: planmarsha

11、l: arrange in logical order第9页/共33页To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar.sloth: laziness, inactivityaffectation: a deliberate pretense or exaggerated displayhumor of a scholar: ma

12、nnerism,implying absurd errorSpending too much time in reading makes you exhausted and lazy.Using reading as a tool to beautify yourself is pretending. Making decisions to your hearts content is too subjective and silly.第10页/共33页They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for natural abili

13、ties are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.perfect: make perfect or complete(studies)Reading makes up for your natural disadvantages,and experience is needed to compensate for th

14、e disadvantages of reading.We read and know how to weed out the unwanted parts of plants. So does knowledge. We read and we delete what we dont need.It is reading that gives us detailed directions, except for some directions that are only guided by experience.prune: weed out unwanted or unnecessary

15、thingsat large: in general第11页/共33页Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.crafty men: craftsman=a person skilled in a jobcontemn: look down on with disdainMen s

16、killed in a job look down on reading.Men who lack intelligence look up to reading.Men with wisdom apply reading to their life.However, books do not convince others by their usage.The wisdom of reading doesnt lie inside a book,but outside the book.You could just get it by observation. 第12页/共33页第13页/共

17、33页第14页/共33页superstition第15页/共33页Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.第16页/共33页Three methods of reading1. Taste - To read in the way that you test the taste of food, to read bits here and there To read the whole book or story, but with little at

18、tention or without through understanding 2. Swallow - To read carefully and slowly and then think about and understand the meaning or importance of 3. Chew and digest -第17页/共33页 Different books, different attitudes. Some books are just for appreciation, some for entertainment, howover, some should b

19、e digested.第18页/共33页extremly, carefully.its archaic meaning.In modern usage is eagerness to learn more第19页/共33页第20页/共33页conversationselliptical sentence第21页/共33页parallelism第22页/共33页第23页/共33页第24页/共33页 Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, gra

20、ve; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.witty: imaginative, inventivesubtle: able to make fine distinctionsmoral: concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behaviorgrave: seriousLearning histories makes men clear-minded; learning poems makes men clever; learning math

21、ematics makes men careful and cautious; learning natural philosophy, your mind will be broadened, your principles will be regulated, and your way of thinking will be serious; learning logic and rhetoric, you will be able to argue with others clearly and effectively.rhetoric: using language effective

22、ly to please or persuadecontend: have an argument about something第25页/共33页 Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises.Abeunt studia in mores: This sentence is adapted from

23、 the verse Horoides by the Roman poet Ovid. You may cultivate your own temperament while reading.nay: not this merely but also; not only so but;stond: difficulty;impediment: any structure that makes progress difficult;wit: the ability to say or write things that are both clever and amusingwrought: t

24、he past tense of WORKYou may cultivate your own temperament while reading. However, there may be obvious difficulty or disadvantages in your mind. You may solve this problem by proper reading. Just like doing physical exercises could get rid of the diseases. They are the same.第26页/共33页 Bowling is go

25、od for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head, and the like.Playing bowling strengthens your stone and kidney. Shooting strengthens your lung and breast. Gentle walking strengthens your stomach. Riding strengthens your head and bra

26、in. They are in the same rule.reins: gall bladder and kidneys第27页/共33页 So if a mans wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. wander: move about aimlessly or without any destinationdemonstration: the act of

27、 presenting something to sight or viewTherefore, if a man cant concentrate his mind, let him study the mathematics. He should pay great attention during the process. Once his attention runs miles away, hell have to restart.第28页/共33页If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him st

28、udy the schoolmen, for they are Cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.apt: properschoolmen: The schoolmen were philosophers and divines o

29、f the Middle Ages, who spent much time on points of nice and abstract speculation.cymini sectores: splitters of hairsbeat over: investigatedefect: a failing or deficiencyIf he is not proper to find out the differences, let him learn from the philosophers and divines of the Middle Ages, because they

30、are splitters of hairs. If he is not proper to investigate matters, prove things, or make examples, let him dig into the lawyers cases. As a result, every disadvantages of mind can have an appropriate solution.第29页/共33页Appreciation1. Parallelism and elliptical sentences In this part, parallelism and ellipsis have al