HowtoHelpStudentsCreateSenseofSuperiorityinEnglishLearning

1、如何帮助学生建立英语学习的心理优势How to Help Students Create“ Sense of Superiority” inEnglish LearningContentsAbstract .1Key words . . .1I. Introduction . .2II. “Sense of Superiority” And It Effect .32.1 What is “Sense of Superiority” ? .32.2 The Effect of “Sense of Superiority ” 3.III. Educate of Self -Confidence.

2、 .43.1 The Content of Self-Confidence Education . 43.1.1 Object Education .43.1.2 Ideal Education 43.1.3 Emotion Education . .53.1.4 Responsibility Education . .53.1.5 Frustration Education . 53.2 The Way to Develop Self-Confidence . Positive Ideal .53.2.2 Recall the Success Experience .53.2

3、.3 Learn to Admire Self-Worship .63.2.4 Find a Suitable Frame of Reference 6IV. Key Elements to Develop and Maintain the “Sense of Superiority ”. .64.1 Tackle the Tough Points and Move Forward 64.2 Foster Strengths and Circumvent Weaknesses. 74.3 Remove the Obstacles.8第 1 页 共 13 页4.4 Meet the Differ

4、ent Requirements of Students at Different Levels .84.5 Have a Hope of Successa nd Achievement .9 V. The Training Methods to Keep and Develop the “Sense of Superiority ” . . 95.1Foster Excellent Levels of Psychological Competence . .95.1.1 Establish a Clear aim of Learning . 95.1.2 Establish Deep Fee

5、lings on The Basis of Care Given by the T eachers 105.1.3 Arouse Students Great Interest in L earning . .105.1.4 Temper the Students W illpower . 115.2 Educate Good Learning Skills . . 115.2.1 Train the Ability to Memorize . 115.2.2 Train the Ability to Understand 115.2.3 Train the Ability to Apply

6、.11 5.2.4 Train to Study I ndependently 12 VI. Conclusion . .12 References . . .12第 2 页 共 13 页How to Help Students to Create “Sense of Superiority”in English Learning摘 要 :素质教育要求面向全体学生， 但是目前两极分化的想象仍然普遍存在于中学英语教学过程中， 有些学生在英语学习过程中由于经历多次失败， 时间一长， 便形成一种恶性 循环，并导致“失败定势”。形成见到英语单词就紧张 、惊慌、胆怯等的心理障碍。 为此， 教师应该努力帮

7、助学生树立学习的自信心， 建立融洽的师生关系， 通过改变自己 的教学方法，创设生动活泼的学习气氛，帮助他们排除心理障碍，产生学习动机，使他 们树立好外语学习的“心理优势”，由“后进”变“先进”。关键词 : 心理优势 ; 自信心 ; 心理劣势Abstract:The education for all-round development requests to face to all the students.But the polarizations still widely exist in English teaching process in the middle school. Stu

8、dents who learn English has suffered repeated failures. As time passes, the repeated failures cause a vicious circle. Such a vicious circle leads to the psychological obstacle“ doomed to fail Fa”ilu.res shake the morale and bringout psychological obstacle such as panic, depression, doubt, worry, eve

9、n detestation and disappointment and so on. Therefore, the teachers should try their best to help their students to set up their self-confidence, and build a kind of harmonious relationship between teacher and students. Also, the teachers can create vivid learning atmosphere though altering their ow

10、n teaching methods, which can help the students remove their psychological obstacles, form their learning motives and the students can create the sense of superiority in English learning. On the other hand, if psychological obstacles are removed and confidence restored, the score can increase sharpl

11、y, and a weaker student also can be a good student.Key words: sense of superiority, self-confidence, doomed to fail第 3 页 共 13 页Once there was a high-jump coach. An athlete always jumped 1.65m, 1.67m, and 1.69m with ease, but bogged down at 1.70m. After one year the athlete and other people all consi

12、dered 1.70m to be his ultimate. However, according to the athletes stature, leg length and explosive force, the coach believed that the bar could be raised to 1.72-1.74m.Why the athlete couldn t pass 1.70m? The ordinary methods such as praise, reward, encouragement, etc. were not successful. When th

13、e school games came, the coach and judge conspired. They said the bar was raised to 1.67m, but actually it was 1.69m. When it was got to 1.71m, they said it was only 1.69m. The result was success! When he was told that the height passed just then was 1.71m not 1.69m and a new school record had been

14、created, the athlete said, “I got! I got! ” and he laughed and jumped. Later, he passed 1.72m, 1.74m and finally rewrote 1.76m.Why did the athlete take such a long time to pass 1.70m while spending such a short time achieving 1.72m, or even 1.74m? It was due to a psychological obstacle that had deve

15、loped from repeated failures. So thats why so soon as the signal for 1.70m given, the athlete became nervous and frightened, with legs like jelly that lacked of explosive force. Once he overcame the psychological obstacle the athlete became full of confidence, energy and explosive force. We call thi

16、s the “sense of superiority (Z”hang Sizhong, 1996).I. IntroductionIn the 21st century, the development of knowledge will be more impetuous. The existence and progress of human will depend on high technology. As everyone knows, our nations developing strategy is relying on science and education, and

17、that is also the need of international competition in the new century.English has been the most frequently used language in the world. Our countrys education policy is oriented to modernization, the world and the future. So learning English well is our urgent demand. Especially our country has acced

18、ed to WTO, the society needs more builders and managers with versatile capabilities, and they are required to communicate with foreigners in English very well. People now had attached importance to English, but most of them suffer from that there is no good way to help them learn English happily and

19、 freely. In China, children start learning English at an early age, and go through 8 or 12 years of English study. But it is often that we hear students complain that第 4 页 共 13 页 they cannot fluently read the original works and especially cannot understand and express what they need. Students study

20、English as a tool for communication, but it is often not so as we wishes.Nowadays, as the purpose of teaching in our country, examination-oriented is turning into all-round development education gradually. All-round development required that education face to all the students and improves their qual

21、ity roundly. But the feeling that “English is hard to learn”persecutes many students for years. Some students even lose their confidence. So day after day, the polarization of a class will become even serious. Professor H.H.Sten once summed up 3 poverties of the slow learners by comparing with the g

22、ood learners in his work What Can We Learn from the Good Learners ?But he did not mention that slow learners cannot learn or do not want to learn. The weakness of them is only a superficial appearance. Actually, it is only a kind of expression of the lack of excellent levels of psychological compete

23、nce and good learning skills.Traditional language teaching is based on teacher-centred method. Teacher controls the whole class. But in the resent years, students-centred method is accepted and applied more widely in the process of teaching. At the same time, the main points of language teaching res

24、earch is shift from how to teach to how to learn. Many researches had done on how to make learners learn English well. They improved the teaching methods and learning strategies. However, the personal factors of students themselves are the also important, especially the psychology of the learner. Bu

25、t we always ignore it.II. Sense of Superiority and Its Effect2.1 What Is Sense of Superiority?Superiority is a kind of overwhelming power. Here, the sense of superiority in particular refers to the overwhelming power of the mind activity emerging in the processof teaching and learning, that students

26、 the knowledge and skill they already possess and thereby learn new cognitive skill. And with this, students may think that they are better than others in English learning. It includes a clear motion aim of champion with a strong will to success. It demonstrates a struggle to achieve ones aim with k

27、een interest, strong will and inspired spirit; to improve ones ability, way, style of learning; to be successful and strengthen supremacy.2.2 The Effect of Sense of SuperiorityAs everyone knows, in China, English learning in middle school is always第 5 页 共 13 页 examination-oriented and exercised-base

28、d. Students learn English under great pressure and heavy burden. Sometimes, English becomes a stumbling block on their way to success. If beginners are not learning English well at first, it is rather hard for them to pick up their confidence in later learning.Students who learn English suffered rep

29、eated failures. As time passes, the repeated failures cause a vicious circle. Firstly, it is rather difficult for beginners to pick up their confidence, some average students come to lose heart, and those who are slow learners have been forced to give up learning. Then, it may causes an abhorrent em

30、otion of English or some will consider themselves as a fool in this area. Finally, they begin to think that learning English is meaningless, and no values, then, they abandon their learning completely. Such a vicious circle leads to the psychological obstacle-doomed to fail.Failures shake the morale

31、 and bring out panic, depression, doubt, worry, even detestation and disappointment. The sense of superiority and the sense of doomed to fail are contradictions that can change. Therefore, we cannot ignore the problem of doomed to fail and must strengthen a sense of superiority. We should have sense

32、 of superiority a strong will to win when we do anything. To achieve this aim, we should be eager for success and develop a certainty of success in our mind. Only in this way our undertakings can be crowned with success. So, we must pay much attention to the psychological change of the students in t

33、he English learning course. If psychological obstacles are removed and confidence restored, sense of superiority can be developed, the feeling that forced to study will change to wanting to study. In a word, to cultivate students excellent psychological competence will help students to improve their

34、 English study.III.Education of Self -ConfidenceTo create sense of superiority, firstly we must help students maintain their self-confidence.3.1 The Content of Self-Confidence Education3.1.1 Object EducationObject as one of the elements of confidence is depending on the degree of ambition whether be

35、nefits one s capability. The main objecti oend uocf atteachers is to control thedegree of ambition, and make detailed and feasible aims. Do not make it too high or too low. It must be good for maintaining and developing the confidence.3.1.2 Ideal Education第 6 页 共 13 页Ideal has a tight correlation be

36、tween confidence and hard working. Ideal educate make students form a correct motivation and comportment, clear about the aims, then form a kind of self-study capability during the whole life. Ideal is the catalyst of self-confidence, and confidence is the base of ideal. Linking up the two factors t

37、ogether will promote students to improve their learning.3.1.3 Emotion EducationThe aims of emotion education is to make students treat the goal they choose seriously and be devoted to the goal, and encourage themselves constantly, keep optimistic feeling stably. So no matter how hard to learn, they

38、also have a happy experience. And the confidence can develop and strengthen.3.1.4 Responsibility EducationAt present, most students in our country are the only son in their families. They are lacking in independence and consciousness of responsibility, by education, we may make students clear about

39、their responsibilities.3.1.5 Frustration EducationIt can improve the willpower of students. Willpower is one of the important elements of confidence. If willpower is strong, confidence can keep long. On the contrary, confidence maybe overwhelmed easily. It will make students lose heart in a moment.

40、We know that the difficulties and twists in our study are cannot be avoided, so we must foster the willpower of students and keep confidence firmly.3.2 The Way to Develop Self-Confidence3.2.1 Positive IdealThis is one of the most important postures of a successful person. It is also the first signif

41、icant condition to develop self-confidence. Only when we have this kind of ideal that “I can accomplish the work surly ”, the capabilities, skills and the energy can be arised. Whenever they believe “I can”, they would find the way to deal with the problem. Napoleon once said, “I am successful, beca

42、use I have the ambition of success”. Without the confidence or this aim, success would have nothing to do with him. But do not depend on actual capability; the ambition cannot be the reality. If a person wants to be successful, they must do steadfastly from now on to tread out a road.3.2.2 Recall th

43、e Success ExperiencePeople do not want to recall success, because they are worried about it may lead up self-satisfaction or conceit. People are getting used to recalling the failure they have ever experience to remind themselves not to make mistake.“Do not forget the ache when you第 7 页 共 13 页 have

44、got over” is a kind of bad habit. It deepens the inferiority complex and the sense of defeat. Actually it hurt the self-esteem and self-confidence of the students, and it is a kind of education of self-abuse and self-inferiority. Do not forget the potential ability, which the students have already o

45、wned. They must pay enough respect to their own successful case. Everyone has successes. Maybe it is only a small thing, such as once be commended in class; win the first prize in a race The thing itself is not important, but the experience behind it which can bring a series of sense of success and

46、satisfaction. Under such feeling, students believe that if they work hard, they will have the capability to learn English well.3.2.3 Learn to Admire Self-WorshipFirstly, students must find out the advantageso f themselves. Admire others do not equal to self-egocentric, but do not reproach yourself e

47、ternally when you make mistakes. Especially when students are disadvantaged, here, to find out their own advantage is a way to encourage them. It always mentions us that I am better than image. The students who are successful in English learning, the reason is that who are full of confidence and har

48、d working. The author believes that if someone have the conditions to be a successful person, he is not worse than others. The students should come back the advantagesa s often as possible.3.2.4 Find a Suitable Frame of ReferencePeople who lived in the society often compare themselves with others. S

49、o the psycho local of reference was born. Find a suitable frame of reference that creates on the base of confidence requires students get along with others equally. Firstly, they must learn about the advantages and disadvantages of themselves and the reference they choose. Do not cry down themselves

50、 when face othersexcellence, or be swollen of others shortage. Then, they must be good at learning, good at learning from others and foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses. At last, they must be ready to practice and improve their abilities.IV.Key Elements to Develop and Maintain the “Sense of S

51、uperiority”To help students develop and maintain the sense of superiority, and master a foreign language, we must solve following elements to assist it.4.1 Tackle the Tough Points and Move ForwardTo achieve everything, we must make clear about the tough points of itT. o tackle the tough points is th

52、e key to forming the “sense of superiority”.Wilkins said, “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary,第 8 页 共 13 页language cannot happen in any meaningful way”. S t(u1d9e9n0)s cannot understand bynothing can be conveyed ”(1 972). And McCarthy considered, “Nom atter how well the

53、 students learn grammar, no matter how successfully he masters the sounds of a secondlanguage, without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in that listening, cannot talk with each other with English fluently, and cannot use words freely. All the blame falls on by not having reme

54、mbered the words. So the main difficulty of master a foreign language is to master the use of vocabulary.To overcome this main difficulty, they can surely establish the sense of superiority in English learning. But, it is difficult for teacher to teach vocabulary and also it is a boring task for the

55、 students to learn vocabulary if their interest in English is not stimulated.According to the study of Hatch and Brownt, learnersstrategies for learning vocabulary fall into five essential steps, having the meaning of the words, getting the forms of the new words, learning the meaning of the words,

56、making a strong memory of the words and using the words.The first thing we must deal with is to find an easy way to teach vocabulary. Words are spelt according to phonemes, so using phonetic symbol is a good way to help read and spell. Zhang fso reign language teaching method named after Zhang Sizho

57、ng, who is a senior English teacher from No.1 middle school attached to East China Normal University, has tabled a good proposal to help students learn vocabulary. First, he recommends the concentrated teaching method on words learning, which is based on pronunciation. 5070 or even more words can be

58、 taught during one period. It looks like a charger, and how much electric does it output is decided by the quantity of input. The more it inputs, the more it output. It occurs in the process of learning English. Firstly, students need enough input information of a language through digest, and they c

59、an produce their own language to output. They cannot use language (output) correctly. When learners only understand (input) one word or sentence. But when the quantity of input information is big enough, students can output some correct expressions easily. So the input information must be more than

60、the outputs. With the help of vocabulary building, regularity can be easily found. It becomes easier to remember as making full use of the regularity and changing the unconscious mechanical memory into lines of connected memory. In this process of vocabulary learning, teacher can help students learn