高考英语书面表达高分写作技巧 2013.5

1、 高考英高考英语书语书面表面表达达 高分高分写写 作作 技技 巧巧 书面表达不同于作家作文, 它不需要严格的布局谋篇、修辞润色，而只需根据所给的情景、图画或要求、提示把主要内容即要点按顺畅的层次表达出来即可。但不得逐字翻译，归纳起来，考生要做好此题，应注意以下禁忌： 文不对题的作文失分最严重。往往表现为文体与要求不和、内容与要求不和、忽略细节要求（如：要否自拟标题，有无附加条件等）。因此，考生应仔细审题，确定人称与时态,并抓住所要表达的各个内容要点(以动词为要点中心)。审题时首先要弄清题目的主要内容是什么，然后再考虑一下该用什么形式来表达。 l 审完题后，不少考生虽已知道了要写的内容，却不能合

2、理地组织所给的材料，东一句、西一句，写得支离破碎，文理不通，让人不知所云。考生最好能迅速地列出要点迅速地列出要点，在这个过程中，要考虑一下先写什么，后写什么，句与句之间，不得逐字或逐条翻译。l 段与段之间最好能使用一些能清晰表达逻辑结构的连接词或句子，如first of all , above all , secondly , next , in fact, besides, in a word , at last , the most important point is that等等，使文章过渡自然、流畅，做到前后连贯、层次分明、有条不紊。 书面表达必须严格按试题所提供的要求去写，需要表达

3、的内容要点不可偷工减料、不可偷工减料、随便删减，也不能随意增添随便删减，也不能随意增添。切不可凭自己的想象任意发挥，下笔千言，离题万里，把没用的内容写了很多，却漏掉了规定的内容、要点，或把次要的内容当作主要内容来写，主次不分。也有的考生把没有必要写的东西写得过多，超过了规定字数，结果弄巧成拙，也是要扣分的。 在写英语句子时为了表达准确，要尽量避免语法、词汇及拼写方面的错误。使用动词时，应注意语态、时态在人称和数上与主语的一致。应注意名词使用中的单、复数问题，是否要用冠词以及形容词或副词在句中的位置问题，介词的搭配问题等。例如：想表达“我不知道要怎样对付那台收音机”时，会写出“I dont kn

4、ow how to do with the radio”，而正确的表达应是“I dont know what to do with the radio”。 选词造句切忌死盯字面意思，凡拿不准，写不出来的词汇要学会“转弯” 。例如：想表达“准备”，而又不会prepare时，可用短语get ready 来代替；“美化(环境)”的“美化（beautify)”，可用makebeautiful; “反对（ oppose）” 可用be strongly against；“考驾照”可写成take an driving license test（不可直译成test driving license);就即便“驾

5、照”写不来，也可用driving pass表达(总比 driver photo或photo for driving好）。对用不来或写不出的要尽量避免“一词”定终身，非它莫属。提倡变相“多词” 转换。 写出来的东西，很可能有不正确、不恰当的地方，因此，在答完卷时，至少应从以下几个方面认真检查：（1）对照题目要求，看全部要点是否都已包括进去，有无遗漏或误解；（2）文体格式是否正确规范；（3）词语使用是否合适、正确，有无语法与用词上的错误， 表达是否符合英语表达习惯；（4）单词拼写、字母大小写有无错误，标点符号有无遗漏或用错等等。l 一句话，对书面表达应尽量做到：不跑题，不跑题，不漏点，语言精简合习

6、惯，灵活表达要规范，不漏点，语言精简合习惯，灵活表达要规范，书法整齐词有限。书法整齐词有限。Step1: 仔细审题仔细审题,确定人称、时态和文体形式。确定人称、时态和文体形式。Step2: 拟定拟定67个要点（以动词为中心，含开头和结尾）。个要点（以动词为中心，含开头和结尾）。Step3: 草写常用名词实词（作主语、宾语、表语）。草写常用名词实词（作主语、宾语、表语）。Step4: 连词成句，补充定语、状语。连词成句，补充定语、状语。 （一般控制在（一般控制在7-10句句x12词左右）词左右）Step5: 连句成篇（连句成篇（2-3段式短文）段式短文） （1015分）分） Step6 (212

7、5分高分条件）：适度转换分高分条件）：适度转换 2-3个较高级的词汇；个较高级的词汇； 23个句型个句型 23个丰富的句式（分词作状个丰富的句式（分词作状 语、定语，定语从句，强调语、定语，定语从句，强调 句，名词性从句）句，名词性从句） 23个适当的连接词个适当的连接词 （句与句之间和段与段之间补充）（句与句之间和段与段之间补充）Step7: 检查与对应：文体、大小写、标点、字数、要点、检查与对应：文体、大小写、标点、字数、要点、 拼写等。拼写等。高考书面表达的评分标准：高考书面表达的评分标准：覆盖所有主要内容；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构

8、或较高级词汇所致；应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；达到了预期的写作目的。第五档（很好）（第五档（很好）（2125分）：分）：高高 分分 技技 巧巧1. 使用较高级的词汇使用较高级的词汇3. 使用恰当的连接词使用恰当的连接词2. 使用较丰富的句式使用较丰富的句式注意：不能不用，注意：不能不用，且不能少用，但也且不能少用，但也不能滥用。不能滥用。 1. I used to like reading and writing poems at middle school.2. Suddenly I thought of a good idea.3.You can find my house

9、 easily. I used to be fond of reading and writing poems at middle school.All of a sudden, a good idea occurred to me.A good idea suddenly struck me.You have no trouble/difficulty in finding my house .You can find my house without any difficulty . 4.Because the weather was good, our journey was comfo

10、rtable. 5.The old photo made me think of my happy childhood.Thanks to the good weather , our journey was comfortable.The old photo reminded me of my happy childhood.6.His invention will be good for people greatly. His invention will ( ) people. His invention will ( )people. His invention will ( ) pe

11、ople. People will ( )his invention. His invention will( ). His invention will ( )people.be of great benefit tobring a lot of benefits tobe greatly beneficial to benefit greatly frombenefit people greatlydo much good to7. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.8.We all think he is a gr

12、eat man.9.In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms.10.Mr.Zhang taught us English.He was 44 years old .He wore long hair. His character was very strange.At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow.We all think highly of him .Our school is made up of /consists of twentysix classrooms. Mr

13、.Zhang，44 years old , used to be our English teacher of strange character, wearing a long hair.11. As a result the plan was a failure.12. She went to Austria in order to study music. .She went to Austria for the purpose of studying music.The plan turned out to be a failure. 1. When she heard he had

14、died, she went pale with sorrow. 2. I was walking along Park Road towards the east. At that time, an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. On hearing the bad news of his death, she went pale with sorrow. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man c

15、ame out of the park on the other side of the street. 3. The flat is in a building on Beijing Road. It is not far from our School. 4. He is surprised that the little girl knows so many things. The flat is in a building on Beijing Road, which is not far from our School. To his surprise , the little gi

16、rl knows so many things. What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. 5. We can achieve our goal only in this way. 6.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. Only in this way can we achieve our goal . It was not until he had read the news in

17、the newspaper that he knew what had happened. Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happened. 7. When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.8. Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. 9. I passed the physics exam because of your help.10. She walked out of the lab and many s

18、tudents followed her. On his arriving, please give me an e-mail. Weak as I am, Ill make the effort. I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help. Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab. 11. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.12.I wont believe what he says. 13

19、.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress.14Our school is beautiful. It is very large. It has 100mu.And there are 3500 students in it. Its staff (员工）teaches and serves us well. Our beautiful large school covers an area of 100mu,whose staff teaches and serves us well. Singing and laughing, the

20、y went back to school. No matter what he says, I wont believe. Study hard and youll make rapid progress. 15.The teacher required all the students to hand in their compositions after class. ( 复合宾语复合宾语)All the students were required to hand in their compositions after class.The teacher required that a

21、ll the students should hand in their compositions after class.It was required by the teacher that all the students should hand in their compositions after class.The teachers requirement was that all the students should hand in their compositions after class.（被动语态）（被动语态）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）

22、（表语从句）1.1.恰当使用关联词恰当使用关联词, , 如如:but, when:but, when，soso，ifif，becausebecause，so thatso that等。等。1) People have found mobile phones very convenient _they can get in touch with each other whenever and wherever they like.2) This village used to be very small and poor _it has changed a lot since 1978 . be

23、causebut2.2.巧妙使用意思有联系的词或语句巧妙使用意思有联系的词或语句 如如:First, Second, Third, Soon, most excitingly, :First, Second, Third, Soon, most excitingly, Whats more, whats worse, As a result Whats more, whats worse, As a result等。等。1)All the school-age children can study here._, they enjoy free education in it.2)The bi

24、rds dodo were killed for food on a large number. _, they died out at last.3)Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. _, it may make us fat.As a resultWhats worseWhats more3.3.适当使用过渡性语句适当使用过渡性语句 如如:The reasons are as follows.:The reasons are as follows. Every coin has two sides. Every coin has two sides. A

25、ll roads lead to Rome. All roads lead to Rome. As the result/survey shows. As the result/survey shows. We can draw an conclusion. We can draw an conclusion.等等Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school. _. First，most families are too poor to send their children to school . Second

26、, some parents think there is no need for their daughters to go to school. Third, The reasons are as followsTelevision is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. But_, television also has disadvantages, such as its effects on young people. every coin has tw

27、o sides4.4.适当使用过渡性语句适当使用过渡性语句 如如:The reasons are as follows.:The reasons are as follows. Every coin has two sides. Every coin has two sides. All roads lead to Rome. All roads lead to Rome. As the result/survey shows. As the result/survey shows. We can draw an conclusion. We can draw an conclusion.等等

28、三、怎样使用恰当的连接词三、怎样使用恰当的连接词逻辑角度合适的过渡性词汇时间顺序 first, second, then, finally/at last , soon,immediately, suddenly空间顺序here, there, on one sideon the other side,in front of, at the back of, next to 对称顺序for one thing, for the other thing, on one hand,on the other hand转折顺序but, however, while, though, otherwise

29、，in reality,instead因果顺序because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of)条件顺序as long as, on condition that, if, unless，only if让步顺序though, as, even if/though, whether, wh- (what,when, where,how)ever递进顺序and, whats more, besides, in addition, to make the matter worse,whats worse过渡性插入语I think, in my opinio

30、n, Im afraid, you know, As we all know, As is known, in a word, to sum up Kate is a new student. She comes from a northern province. She speaks a dialect. We find it hard to understand her dialect. Kate, a new student from a northern province, speaks a dialect which we find hard to understand.用一句话表达

31、用一句话表达不是人人都能学好英语，小学生同时不是人人都能学好英语，小学生同时学汉语和英语反而会影响汉语学习。学汉语和英语反而会影响汉语学习。第一步：拆分成几个简单句第一步：拆分成几个简单句不是人人都能学好英语。不是人人都能学好英语。小学生同时学汉语和英语。小学生同时学汉语和英语。这会影响汉语学习。这会影响汉语学习。第二步：分别翻译这几个简单句第二步：分别翻译这几个简单句 Not everyone is good at learning English. Children from primary school learn English and Chinese at the same time

32、. This will affect their Chinese study. Not everyone is good at learning English. Children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese at the same time. This will affect their Chinese study.第三步：合并句子第三步：合并句子 That children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese at the same t

33、ime will affect their Chinese study because not everyone is good at learning English. Not everyone is good at learning English. Children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese at the same time. This will affect their Chinese study.第三步：合并句子第三步：合并句子 If children from primary school star

34、t to learn English and Chinese at the same time, this will affect their Chinese study方法方法2 2： because not everyone is good at learning English.你来试试你来试试现象现象学生作文中出现很多错别字学生作文中出现很多错别字原因原因1.上网聊天时经常使用网络语言。上网聊天时经常使用网络语言。2.每天有很多作业做，没有记住生字。每天有很多作业做，没有记住生字。参考词汇：参考词汇：错别字错别字: : wrongly-written characters网络语言：网络

35、语言：web language要求：要求：1. 1. 用用两句话两句话表达表格内容表达表格内容 2. 2. 两句话要有两句话要有连贯性连贯性第一句（两个信息点）：第一句（两个信息点）： 1. 1. 学生作文中出现很多错别字学生作文中出现很多错别字 2.2.（他们）上网聊天时经常使用网络语言。（他们）上网聊天时经常使用网络语言。 There are many wrongly-written characters in students compositions. The reason why there are many wrongly-written characters in student

36、s composition is that they often use web languages when chatting on line.合并句子：合并句子： They often use web languages when chatting on line. 1. They have so much homework to do every day that they fail to memorize the new characters第二句第二句:1. 1. 每天有很多作业做每天有很多作业做 2. 2. 没有记住生字没有记住生字。 They have much homework

37、 to do every day.2. With so much homework to do, they fail to memorize the new characters.3. Because they have so much homework to do, they fail to memorize the new characters.合并句子：合并句子： They fail to memorize the new characters. 连接两句话：连接两句话： The reason why there are many wrongly-written characters i

38、n students composition is that they often use web languages when chatting on line. Moreover, they have so much homework to do every day that they fail to memorize the new characters.练习一练习一：1.众所周知，词汇就像建造大楼的砖众所周知，词汇就像建造大楼的砖块，是语言的重要组成部分。块，是语言的重要组成部分。 (2010 江苏江苏) a.As everybody knows, vocabulary is an i

39、mportant part of language, just like bricks in a building .b.It is well known that vocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricks in a building .c.What is known to all is that vocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricks in a building .2.鼠标是一个有用的装置。人们用它来和电鼠标是一个有用的装置。人

40、们用它来和电脑进行对话。脑进行对话。 (2009 江苏江苏) a. The mouse is a most effective device. It is used by people to communicate with a computer.b. The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer. (过去分词短语作定语过去分词短语作定语)3我站在讲台上，很窘迫，不知该怎么做。我站在讲台上，很窘迫，不知该怎么做。 (2009湖南湖南) a. I stood on the pl

41、atform, feeling embarrassed and not knowing what to do. b. I stood on the platform, felt embarrassed and didnt know what to do.c. I stood on the platform, and I felt so embarrassed that I didnt know what to do.4.我认为，仅仅送给父母贵重的礼物是不对的。我认为，仅仅送给父母贵重的礼物是不对的。 (2006江西江西)a. I dont think it good only to provi

42、de our parents with expensive gifts. b. In my opinion, it is not good only to provide our parents with expensive gifts.c. We only provide our parents with expensive gifts, which is not good. 联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员,请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况： 1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。 2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了

43、。现已旧貌换新颜。 3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。 注意:1）要点齐全，前后连贯。2）词数：100-120之间。书面表达真题：书面表达真题：(A)Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school.This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. It has changed a lot since 1978. People he

44、re are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look. The school here was very small. Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys . It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. They enjoy free education in it. Thank y

45、ou.15分Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school ! Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school! This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. It has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.

46、 This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast. People here live a much better life than before . 15分与分与25分差距对比分差距对比：Now it is taking on a new look. In the past,

47、 the school here was very small . Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys . It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. They enjoy free education in it. Thank you. In the past, the school here was very small and most

48、children couldnt afford to go to school. But now it has been rebuilt and which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. Whats more, they enjoy free education. May you enjoy your stay herethe newly built teaching building/ May you have a plea

49、sant time here! Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school ! This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast. People here live a much better life than

50、before . Now it is taking on a new look. In the past, the school here was very small and most children couldnt afford to go to school. But now it has been rebuilt and the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study

51、 here. Whats more, they enjoy free education. May you enjoy your stay here / May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you. 你的英国朋友正在做一个课题：世界各地你的英国朋友正在做一个课题：世界各地的生日庆祝方式。他请你介绍中国学生过生日的的生日庆祝方式。他请你介绍中国学生过生日的方式。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文：方式。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文：（一）通常方式：（一）通常方式：1. 1. 生日聚会生日聚会 2. 2. 生日礼物生日礼物 3. 3. 生日祝福生日祝福（二）（二

52、）我认为更有意义的庆祝方式和理由我认为更有意义的庆祝方式和理由词数：词数：100-120100-120 Now students in China celebrate their birthdays in many ways. Usually, a party is held. Best friends and relatives will come to the party. They usually buy a gift. They show their best wishes. Sometimes, people send short messages too and it is bec

53、oming very popular. But I think that its better to help other people. We know that its important to learn to help other people. Helping other people can do us a lot of good. People will help you because youve helped them and youll be happyImprove this composition, try!Improve this composition, try!

54、( 1) Now students in China celebrate their birthdays in many ways. Usually, a party is held. Best friends and relatives will come to the party.（用（用where定语从句）定语从句）(2) They usually buy a gift. They show their best wishes.（合并句子）（合并句子）(3)Sometimes, people send short messages too and it is becoming very

55、popular （用（用which定语从句）定语从句）. (4) But (替换）替换） I think （替换）（替换） that its better to help other people.(5) We know that its important to learn to help others. Helping other people can do us a lot of good. (6) People will help you in return and youll be happy （用（用For one thing, For another 替换）替换）.Nowaday

56、s students in China celebrate their birthdays in various ways.Usually, a party is held where best friends as well as relatives can get together and have fun.They usually buy a small gift with which to express their best wishes.Sometimes, people send short messages too, which is becoming very popular

57、 .However, as far as Im concerned, its better to do something for others.As is known to all, its of importance to help others. Helping others on ones birthday can be not only meaningful but also do you a lot of good.For one thing people will help you in return; for another, youll get happiness out o

58、f that. Nowadays, students in China celebrate their birthdays in various ways. Usually, a party is held for best friends as well as relatives can get together and to have fun. They usually buy a small gift with which to express their best wishes. Sometimes, people send short messages too, which is b

59、ecoming very popular . However, as far as Im concerned, its better to do something for others. As is known to all, its of importance to help others. Helping others on ones birthday can be not only meaningful but also do you a lot of good. For one thing people will help you in return; for another, yo

60、ull get happiness out of that. In short, the best way to celebrate our birthdays is to help others. In China, as is known, the most common way to celebrate a birthday is to hold a birthday party. Usually, the birthday person invites some classmates and other relatives to the party, in which his fami