一种虚拟样机系统设计与研究外文翻译

1、design and study of a virtual prototyping systemabstract: the principle and category of virtual prototyping are introduced. while the virtual prototyping system is presented, some key technology when implemented such as product representing and modeling, assembly and disassembly for scene graph, hum

2、an-computer interaction, component models prepared for virtual prototyping are discussed. the implemented system based on pc machine is proved to be practicable in cost efficient.key words: virtual prototyping； scene graph； human-computer interaction； modeling； dag1 introduction virtual prototypinga

3、s the world economy and the rapid development of science and technology, global markets increasingly competitive. consumption continued to diversify products, personalized direction. the face of unpredictable, sustainable development, market demand, business to enhance our competitive edge, must qui

4、ckly change variety, updated design, shorten the new product development cycle, improve product design quality, decreasing researching costs, for innovative design reads so they could fast changing market demands and make quick response to market competition in a considerable market share and profit

5、s, the traditional physical prototype design and manufacture based on means can not meet these requirements. virtual prototyping technology is driven by such urgent need arise.1.1 the concept of virtual prototypingvirtual prototyping also called virtual prototyping or virtual model, strictly speakin

6、g, is the virtual into a kind, that with modern computer simulation technology (especially computer technology, visual) generated virtual prototype, it is a virtual it is said that this prototype is not a physical entity, and that it is prototype because it has all the appearance of apparent physica

7、l prototype, user interface, as well as complete prototype functions and processes. the initial prototype or prototype development projects resulting from the field of mass production. prototype development, is in the production process, first create or design a book to reflect the final products al

8、l properties of the mo xing (prototype or prototype), through the right prototype for testing, analysis and evaluation to guide further design and development of production of optimization to reach shorten the development cycle and reduce development costs, improve production efficiency. virtual pro

9、totyping is a new approach to product development, it is a computer simulation model based on the product of digital design. produced before the physical prototype, it uses a virtual prototype instead of the physical prototype of the product innovative design, test and evaluation. virtual prototypin

10、g technology is based on advanced modeling techniques, multi-domain simulation technology, interactive user interface technology and comprehensive application of virtual reality technology. mechanical systems virtual prototyping technology to predict the overall performance of mechanical systems; to

11、 quickly analyze, compare and improve the system design, improve performance, maximize reduce the number of physical prototype tests.1.2 mechanical systems virtual prototyping technologymechanical systems virtual prototyping technology from multi-body dynamics theory. because of computing limitation

12、s, the classical rigid body dynamics of the main areas of study is limited to simple systems. but with the development of science and technology, people are increasingly faced with more complex mechanical system problems, such as: vehicles, aircraft, robots, spacecraft, and other research and develo

13、pment. mechanical systems virtual prototyping system development, the earliest dating back to 1961, when general motors vehicles to carry out a systematic analysis, developed a simple calculation for the analysis of mass - spring - damper system analysis software dyana (dynamic analyzer). since then

14、, the mechanical systems virtual prototyping system development work is not interrupted. the past 40 years, developed a computer using a specialized research by a number of rigid links in a complex mechanical system of the new discipline.1.3 mechanical system virtual prototyping technologyforeign vi

15、rtual prototyping technology has been widely used, applications from the aerospace industry, aviation, military, defense industry, automobile manufacturing, construction machinery, shipbuilding, machinery and electronics industries, to ergonomics, bio-mechanics, agriculture, medicine and engineering

16、 consulting and many other aspects. in various fields, virtual prototyping technology is a cost for the user to save time and provide a satisfactory design.july 4, 1997, nasa (nasa) jet propulsion laboratory (jpl) has successfully achieved the pathfinder mars probe soft landing on mars has become se

17、nsational news. the detector before launch, jpl engineers have used virtual prototyping simulation of spacecraft at different stages (into the atmosphere, deceleration and landing) of the working process. jpl engineers predict the use of virtual prototyping technology braking rockets as wind interac

18、tion with mars, the probe is likely landing roll. engineers modified the technology for this program, security sensitive scientific instruments will reach the surface of mars to ensure the success of mars landing program.boeing 777 aircraft used virtual prototyping technology has been drawing the de

19、sign and production of non-success in recent years caused by industry, business profile of a major breakthrough, sgi computer system to the boeing company has successfully established a virtual prototype of the boeing 777 aircraft so that designers, engineers can walk through the virtual aircraft, e

20、xamine the design of the aircraft. 777 formed by the 3 million parts, the computer system can call up any one part, to modify the design. it is not only greatly reduces the development cycle, greatly reducing development costs and ensures the success of the final product one after installation.ford

21、motor company in the development of a new model also uses the technology, designed to shorten the 70 days period. as a result of this technology, designed to reduce the 40 million u.s. dollars cost, manufacturing cost savings of 10 billion dollars. as the design and manufacturing cycle shortened, ne

22、w car market as early as the additional profit to the cost of several times.caterpillar is the worlds largest tractors, loaders and construction machinery manufacturers, manufacturing a large-scale physical prototype device take months and cost millions of dollars. caterpillar inc. uses virtual prot

23、otyping technology to improve the design and test methods to achieve a fast virtual trialing a variety of designs, which make the product cost reduction, performance superior.american companies john deere company, in order to solve the high speed of construction machinery in the hunting behavior and

24、 the overload of self-induced vibration under the use of virtual prototyping technology, not only to find the reasons put forward to improve the program, and the basis for virtual prototyping been demonstrated to significantly improve product performance and high speed performance of heavy work.pele

25、rines milnor corporation is a manufacturer of industrial washing equipment. engineers to test virtual prototyping of different designs, the first virtual prototype with three washing machines, and then modify the design to change the spring stiffness and damping, choose different types of shock abso

26、rbers, changing the size and rigidity hub, computer simulation test. the simulation of each design requires only 1 hour. the results show that the physical prototype test results and simulation results match the virtual prototype level of more than 95%. on this basis, pelerines milnor development of

27、 a new washing machine working steady, long life vibration noise.prosthetic manufacturer using virtual prototyping technology to establish a virtual three-dimensional knee joint. model, including ligament and tendon tissue, can truly simulate the surface and surface contact. prosthetics with nike, r

28、eebok, rockport and other footwear manufacturers use of virtual prototyping technology to model, in which body motion parameters using anatomical research. were not specially trained to ensure prosthetic clinic physician can also enter patient data quickly identify high heel, to correct gait. the te

29、chnology used in patients with walking and running animation show, various gait, for in-depth study animation can slow play or enlarge. modify the use of virtual prototyping technology prosthetic design, you can quickly create artificial limb, patients can try a new spot in the clinic designed shoes

30、.in agricultural machinery, zhi-hua wang, cui-ying chen adams, research institutions shaker combines movement, through the simulation to determine the greatest impact on the shaker parameters determined for the entire organization optimize the design variables, then for fast, accurate and easy to co

31、mplete physical prototype design basis.li-yong zeng new loader use solid works for designing virtual prototype modeling, virtual assembly, graphics rendering, interference detection, two-dimensional drawings of the transfer, to improve the efficiency of small loader design and quality.ke-dong zhou f

32、unction using virtual prototyping technology lawn maintenance machine to solve the lack of engine power, transmission rate mismatch issues.tan li-dong adams software analysis using high-density baling forage process, through the use of virtual prototyping technology to the grass in a compression pro

33、cess is optimized. compression equipment for the power of design optimization, compression equipment to improve efficiency and improve product quality to provide a theoretical basis for compression.2 virtual prototype product developments, the theoretical basisin 1993, the famous eds ug u.s. preside

34、nt john mazola on the virtual product development described it: virtual product development is a vision, in this scenario, to network together to organize the people to work together to complete the product the design, analysis, manufacturing and technical support. their work in order to determine t

35、he number and distribution of the, will enable them to at any time, any place collaboration or work independently. this network addition to the production company would include the supply of suppliers, partners and customers. he pointed out that the virtual product development of three main features

36、:(1) digital modevirtual product development is the process of product design and manufacture of real images in a virtual environment. number of virtual product development in three aspects: first, digital products in the product development process in different stages until the product has said, ar

37、e to exist digitally, called the product of the digital model; is to develop management digital, in the product development process, development process management using digitally and online task is the digitally identify and distribution; third, the exchange of information digitization, in design a

38、nd manufacture of the full life cycle product information exchange using digital means to achieve paperless digital model-based design.(2) product life cyclevirtual product development from product research, product planning, product design, product manufacturing, product sales, product use to produ

39、ct the final retirement of the product life cycle, the computer constructed virtual environment to achieve its goal of not only the material product form and manufacturing process simulation and visualization technology, but also for product performance, behavior and function and in the product real

40、ization of the various stages of the implementation of programs to predict, evaluate and optimize. product life cycle is the number of cad / cae / cam / pdm technical support. current cad / cae / cam / pdm technology, further development known as the virtual prototype (vp) / product lifecycle manage

41、ment (product life manager plm).(3) network coordinationvirtual product development is the development of networks to work together the results of the product itself and the complexity of the development process, so that a single company or sector could not do all the work, often by the relevant dep

42、artments and companies together to form a development network of collaborative development. such as the boeing 777 development process, mitsubishi, kawasaki and fuji heavy industries ltd. to bear 20% of the structure work. virtual product development of digital properties and the development of mode

43、rn network technology make collaboration a reality network, network-based collaborative design and concurrent engineering to become an important feature of vpd. virtual product development technology trends can be summarized as design integration, network design, design virtualization and intelligen

44、t design.3 concurrent engineeringaccording to the institute for defense analyses in 1986, the united states in its r-338 of the definition proposed in the report, concurrent engineering is the process of parallel and related products, integrated design of a systematic mode. this mode makes developme

45、nt are from the beginning to consider the full life cycle product of all factors, including quality, cost, progress, and user needs. concurrent engineering technical core in addition to early succession cims information integration and to have their main characteristic is process integration. proces

46、s integration is to the various activities of the enterprise process of reconstruction, the product development process in a variety of serial process to parallel as far as possible changes process, so that early design can be considered the product to be assembled, can be manufacturability, testabi

47、lity, maintainability, reliability, supportability and cost factors such as reasonable, so that in time all stages of communication, coordination, avoid large inter-stage rework. in addition, the process of integration also means that product-centric, inter-departmental multi-disciplinary team compo

48、sed of staff integration. concurrent engineering is not so much an advanced manufacturing mode. as it is an advanced design patterns, this is because the design in concurrent engineering accounted for a dominant position, the concurrent engineering is the core of concurrent design. manufacture of co

49、ncurrent design is frequently used advanced design patterns, it is computer technology, network technology, communications technology deng a certain development stage, applied to product design with mr from design process from group, resulting optimization. parallel design factors to consider: marke

50、t demand, manufacture, assembly, maintenance, environmental protection, purpose is to shorten the new product development cycle, reduce production costs, increase design quality. there fore as a virtual system. manufacturing, agile manufacturing, and other advanced manufacturing technologies, design

51、 methods, are designed to work parallel mode. concurrent design feature is the integration and parallel. the so-called integration refers to information integration based on more emphasis on process integration, process integration and restructuring to optimize the product development process, organ

52、ization, multidisciplinary team of experts in collaborative working environment and work together to complete the design task; the so-called parallel refers to more than one event at the same time or in the same period occurred in comparison with the serial design, concurrent design in the same time

53、 can accommodate more design activities to design activities in parallel as possible to the entire design process to reduce the time.4 conclusionsthe authors review the background of virtual prototyping technology and applications, virtual prototyping, theories and methods, a comprehensive summary o

54、f the home and abroad virtual prototyping research and the problems, the virtual prototype of the r & d lower agricultural machinery product development costs, improve product quality , and design level. virtual prototyping technology with the physical prototype of uniform design method of combi

55、ning research, to better enhance the design effect.一种虚拟样机系统设计与研究摘要：在介绍虚拟样机原理和分类的基础上,提出一种基于场景图的虚拟样机系统结构,同时讨论了该系统实现中样机描述与模型生成、场景图动态拆分和组合、人机交互、样机零部件模型准备等几个关键技术和处理方法,用这种方法开发出基于pc机的虚拟样机系统。关键词:虚拟样机；场景图；人机交互；建模；dag1 虚拟样机技术简介随着世界经济和科学技术的飞速发展，全球性的市场竞争日益激烈。产品消费结构不断向多元化、个性化方向发展。面对无法预测、持续发展的市场需求，企业为了提高竞争力，必需尽快改

56、变品种、更新设计、缩短新产品的研发周期、提高产品设计质量、降低产品研发成本，进行创新性设计，这样才能对快速多变的市场需求做出敏捷响应，从而在市场竞争中获得相当的市场份额和利润，传统的基于物理样机的设计制造方式已无法满足这些要求。虚拟样机技术就是在这种迫切需要的驱动下产生的。1.1 虚拟样机概念“虚拟样机”一词来自“virtual prototyping”，也称“虚拟原型”或“虚拟模型”，严格地说是“虚拟成样”，即用现代计算机技术(特别是可视化计算机技术)生成“虚拟样机”，说它是“虚拟”的，是说这个“样机”并不是物理实体，又说它是“样机”，是因为它具有一切样机实体的外观显现、操作界面，以及完备的

57、样机功能过程。原型或样机开发最初产生于大批量生产的工程领域。原型开发，就是在生产过程中，首先建立或设计一个能反映最终产品所有预定性能的模型（原型或样机），通过对原型的试验、分析和评价，指导进一步的优化设计和开发生产，从而达到缩短研制周期，降低开发成本，提高生产效率的目的。虚拟样机技术是一种崭新的产品开发方法，它是一种基于产品的计算机模型的数字化设计方法。在物理样机生产出来之前，它利用虚拟样机代替物理样机对产品进行创新设计、测试和评估。虚拟样机技术是基于先进的建模技术、多领域的仿真技术、交互式用户界面技术和虚拟现实技术的综合应用技术。机械系统虚拟样机技术能够预测机械系统的整体性能；以迅速地分析、

58、比较并改进系统的设计方案，提高产品的性能，最大限度地减少对物理样机的试验次数。1.2 机械系统虚拟样机技术的发展机械系统虚拟样机技术源于对多刚体系统动力学理论的研究。由于受计算能力的限制，经典刚体动力学的主要研究范围仅局限于简单系统。但随着科学技术的发展，人们越来越多地面临着更复杂机械系统的问题，如：车辆、飞机、机器人、航天器、等的研制和开发。机械系统虚拟样机系统的开发，最早可以追溯到 1961年，当时通用汽车公司为了进行车辆系统分析，开发了一个用于分析计算简单的质量弹簧阻尼系统的分析软件 dyana（dynamic analyzer）。从那时起，对于机械系统虚拟样机系统的开发工作就未中断过。

59、近 40 年来，发展起来了一门利用电子计算机专门研究由多个刚体链接形成的复杂机械系统的新学科。1.3 机械系统虚拟样机技术的应用国外虚拟样机技术已经得到了广泛的应用，应用领域从航空航天业、军事国防工业、汽车制造业、工程机械、造船业、机械电子工业，到人机工程学、生物力学、农业、医学以及工程咨询等很多方面。在各个领域里，虚拟样机技术都为用户节省了开支、时间并提供了满意的设计方案。1997 年 7 月 4 日，美国航空航天局（nasa）的喷气推进实验室（jpl）成功地实现了火星探测器探路者号在火星上的软着陆，成为轰动一时的新闻。在探测器发射以前，jpl 的工程师们利用虚拟样机技术仿真研究宇宙飞船在不同阶段（进入大气层、减速和着陆）的工作过程。jpl 的工程师们运用虚拟样机技术预测到由于制动火箭与火星风的相互作用，探测器很可能在着陆时滚翻。工程师们针对这个问题修改了技术方案，将灵敏的科学仪器安全送抵火星表面，保证了火星登陆计划的成功。美国波音 777 飞机采用了虚拟样机技术获得了无图纸设计