第二讲 摘要写作

1、Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou UniversityXiaopeng WTel:hapter 2: Title and Abstract科技论文的结构科技论文的结构 一般来说，科技论文应具备3个特点：准确、客观、逻辑性强。 论述时应做到概念准确、结论明确、推理合乎逻辑，同时应保证科学的严密性。1. Title 标题不宜太长，应点名主题、提纲洁领、简明扼要、严谨规范，使人一目了然。 论文的标题多为名词短语，或为一句话，要尽量避免使用从句、不定式短语、介词短语。 尽量不要用“Study”。1.

2、 Title Regulation of glutamine synthetase isoforms in two differentially drought-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under water deficit conditions Transformation of miniature potted rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Linda) with PSAG12-ipt gene delays leaf senescence and enhances resistance to exogenous

3、ethylene Heme oxygenase is involved in H2O2-induced lateral root formation in apocynin-treated rice1. Title Identification of differentially expressed genes preferably related to drought response in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) inoculated by arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) Identification of differe

4、ntially-expressed genes potentially related to stress tolerance in a transgenic line of European pear over-expressing an apple spermidine synthase gene (MdSPDS1) 1. Title Antisense inhibition of a spermidine synthase gene highlights the role of polyamines for stress alleviation in pear shoots subjec

5、ted to salinity and cadmium. The enhancement of drought tolerance for pigeon pea inoculated by arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi. High spermidine levels are implicated in enhanced heavy metal tolerance in a spermidine synthase-overexpressing transgenic European pear by exerting antioxidant activities. Al

6、uminum tolerance in a spermidine synthase-overexpressing transgenic European pear is correlated with the enhanced level of spermidine via alleviating oxidative status. 1. Title1. Title Overexpression of the apple spermidine synthase gene in pear confers multiple abiotic stress tolerance by altering

7、polyamine titers. Genomic organization, rapid evolution and meiotic instability of NBS-encoding genes in a new fruit crop “chestnut rose” . 1. Title Molecular cloning and expression analysis of an arginine decarboxylase gene from peach (Prunus persica) . Cloning of two classes of PR genes and the de

8、velopment of SNAP markers for powdery mildew resistance loci in chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii Tratt) 1. Title Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of NBS-encoding genes in Rosaceae fruit crops. Chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii Tratt): a promising genetic resource for fruit and ornament exploitation

9、 in China. 1. Title Genetic diversity of Poncirus accessions as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) . Polyamine biosynthesis of apple callus under salt stress: importance of arginine decarboxylase pathway in stress response. 1. Title Efficient plant regeneration and genetic fid

10、elity assessement of in vitro-derived plants of Dendrobium nobile an endangered medicinal and ornamental herb. Promising genetic resources for resistance to powdery mildew in chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii Tratt) and its relatives in China. 1. Title Micropropagation of chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii

11、 Tratt) and genetic stability assessment of the in vitro plants using RAPD and AFLP markers. Plant regeneration from immature zygotic embryos of chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii Tratt) through organogenesis. 1. Title Isolation of TIR and nonTIR NBS-LRR resistance gene analogues and identification of m

12、olecular markers linked to a powdery mildew resistance locus in chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii Tratt). Characterization of genetic relationships of Rosa roxburghii Tratt and its relatives using morphological traits, RAPD and AFLP markers 2. Abstract 一般只有一段，要求简明扼要；要兼顾完整性、连贯性和逻辑性，同时还应突出重点。应包括以下内容： 1）立

13、题的依据； 2）主要工作； 3）主要结果及意义。摘摘 要：本文以要：本文以64份贵州地方樱桃种质及红灯和份贵州地方樱桃种质及红灯和黑珍珠两个栽培品种为试材，采用黑珍珠两个栽培品种为试材，采用ISSR标记进行标记进行遗传多样性分析，为贵州樱桃资源的开发和利用遗传多样性分析，为贵州樱桃资源的开发和利用提供参考。结果表明，从提供参考。结果表明，从90条条ISSR引物中筛选出引物中筛选出21条稳定性强、谱带清晰及多态性丰富的引物进条稳定性强、谱带清晰及多态性丰富的引物进行行PCR扩增，共获得扩增，共获得228个标记，其中多态性标个标记，其中多态性标记为记为199个，多态性比例为个，多态性比例为87.2

14、8%；1.贵州樱桃种质资源遗传多样性的贵州樱桃种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析分析采用采用NTSYS2.01软件计算，相似系数为软件计算，相似系数为0.49 0.90，表明贵州地方樱桃资源的遗传多样，表明贵州地方樱桃资源的遗传多样性丰富；性丰富；UPGMA聚类分析显示，毕节、遵聚类分析显示，毕节、遵义及黔南等地资源具有最丰富的遗传多样性义及黔南等地资源具有最丰富的遗传多样性，尤其毕节地区拥有大量品质优良的资源，尤其毕节地区拥有大量品质优良的资源，可作为品质育种的亲本。可作为品质育种的亲本。1.贵州樱桃种质资源遗传多样性的贵州樱桃种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析分析贵州樱桃种质资源遗传多样性的贵

15、州樱桃种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析分析 Genetic Diversity of Cherry Germplasms from Guizhou Province as Revealed by ISSR Makers In the current work, genetic diversity of 64 cherry （Prunus pseudocerasu） accessions from Guizhou Province, as well as cultivars Hongdeng and Black Pearl, was investigated/revealed/unraveled

16、/elucidated using ISSR markers. To satisfy the demand of further exploitation and utility, genetic diversity of 64 cherry （Prunus pseudocerasu） accessions from Guizhou Province, as well as cultivars Hongdeng and Black Pearl, was investigated using ISSR markers in the current work. 本文以64份贵州地方樱桃种质资源及红

17、灯和黑珍珠两个栽培品种为试材，采用ISSR标记技术对其进行遗传多样性分析，为贵州樱桃资源的开发和利用提供参考。 nA total of 228 markers were scored/obtained/gained from the 21 primers, which were screened out from 90 primers and demonstrated highly reproducible, clear and polymorphic bands. Among the obtained markers, 199 were polymorphic, accounting for

18、 87.28% of the total. 结果表明，从90条ISSR引物中筛选出21条稳定性强、条带清晰及多态性丰富的引物进行PCR扩增，共获得228个标记，其中多态性标记为199个，多态性比例为87.28%； nAs analyzed/computed by NTSYS2.01, the genetic similarity among the accessions ranged from 0.49 to 0.90, reflecting/indicating/mirroring/suggesting the high genetic diversity of cherry germpla

19、sms in Guizhou Province. 采用NTSYS2.01软件计算，相似系数为0.49 0.90，表明贵州地方樱桃资源的遗传多样性丰富； nThe UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated/indicated that the accessions from Bijie, Zunyi and Qiannan areas were more genetically diversified. In particular the accessions from Bijie exhibited the highest degree of diversity in fru

20、it quality, which may be used as elite materials for further genetic improvement in this species. UPGMA聚类分析显示，毕节、遵义及黔南等地资源具有最丰富的遗传多样性，尤其毕节地区拥有大量品质优良的资源，可作为品质育种的亲本。2.半夏的缓慢生长法保存及体细胞遗传变半夏的缓慢生长法保存及体细胞遗传变异的异的ISSR检测检测 本文以半夏试管苗为材料，探讨了不同浓度的甘露醇、PP333和ABA对半夏延缓生长的保存效应，并采用ISSR标记对保存材料再生植株的体细胞遗传变异进行了检测。结果表明，三种物质均

21、能有效抑制半夏试管苗的生长，保存10M而不继代，存活率高；与正常继代试管苗相比，再生植株的形态、增殖倍数和生根能力没有显著差异，最佳浓度分别为甘露醇2%-4%，PP333 2.0 mgL-1，ABA 2.0 - 4.0mgL-1。 在添加了2%-4%甘露醇或2.0 mgL-1PP333的培养基上，保存植株经ISSR分子检测，未检测到变异；而保存在添加了2.0 - 4.0mgL-1ABA培养基上的植株，出现了1条新增标记，1条缺失标记，位点变异率为1.6%，个体变异率为30%。因此，ABA不宜用于半夏试管苗的缓慢生长法保存，但有助于新突变体的产生，在半夏种质创新上具有特殊意义。2.半夏的缓慢生长

22、法保存及体细胞遗传变半夏的缓慢生长法保存及体细胞遗传变异的异的ISSR检测检测 半夏的缓慢生长法保存及体细胞遗传半夏的缓慢生长法保存及体细胞遗传变异的变异的ISSR检测检测 Slow Growth Conservation of Pinellia ternate and its Somaclonal Variation as Detected by ISSR MarkersnEffects of the various/diverse/different concentrations of either mannitol, PP333, or ABA on slow growth of in

23、vitro Pinellia ternate were investigated, and the somaclonal variation was further assessed/detected using ISSR marker in the current work. 本文以半夏试管苗为材料，探讨了不同浓度的甘露醇、PP333和ABA对半夏延缓生长的保存效应，并采用ISSR标记对保存材料后代再生植株的体细胞遗传变异进行了检测。 结果表明，三种物质均能有效抑制半夏试管苗的生长，保存10M而不继代，存活率高； The results showed that the tested chem

24、icals could effectively inhibit the growth of in vitro Pinellia ternate, and the cultures might be conserved for 10 months without transfer with a high survival rate. nCompared with the normal subculturing plantlet/control, the morphological traits, as well as proliferation and rooting ability of re

25、generation plant were not significantly different. The optimal concentration of mannitol, PP333 and ABA were 2%-4%, 2.0 mg.L-1 and 2.0 - 4.0 mg.L-1, respectively, for long-time preservation of Pinellia ternate. 与正常继代试管苗相比，再生植株的形态、增殖倍数和生根能力没有显著差异，最佳浓度分别为甘露醇2%-4%， 2.0 mgL-1 PP333 ， 2.0 - 4.0mgL-1 ABA

26、。 nAs detected by ISSR molecular, no polymorphic/aberrant marker was scored/ observed/investigated/ obtained from the regenerated plantlets conserved on medium with the addition of 2% mannitol and 2.0 mg.L-1 PP333. 在添加了2%-4%甘露醇或2.0 mgL-1PP333的培养基上，保存植株经ISSR分子检测，未检测到变异； nHowever/Conversely, a new mar

27、ker and a absent mark were observed from that conserved on medium supplemented with 2.0 mg.L-1 ABA, and the locus or individual variation rate was 1.6% or 30%, respectively. 而保存在添加了2.0 - 4.0mgL-1ABA培养基上的植株，共出现了1条新增标记，1条缺失标记，位点变异率为1.6%，个体变异率为30%。 n Therefore, ABA was not suitable for in vitro conserv

28、ation of Pinellia germplasm. Rather, it might be used to generate new mutant, which demonstrated highly a promising role in the creation of new Pinellia ternate germplasm.因此，ABA不宜用于半夏试管苗的缓慢生长法保存，但有助于新突变体的产生，在半夏种质创新上具有特殊意义。 The enhancement of drought tolerance for pigeon pea inoculated by arbuscular

29、mycorrhizae fungi Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) has been rapidly grown in the drought-striken karstic regions of southwest China. Present work aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on the drought tolerance of pigeon pea, as well as to elucidate the physiological responses of A

30、M-colonized seedlings to the water deficit. Abstract As subjected to drought stress, AM symbiosis (AMD) highly led to the positive effects on root system, plant height and stem diameter. AMD demonstrated a remarkably higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. The solub

31、le sugar in AMD was significantly higher than that of the non-AM seedlings (NAMD), indicating the enhanced tolerance at least partially correlated with osmotic solute. Conversely, the proline (Pro) of AMD was lower, revealing the excessive Pro was not imperative for drought tolerance. After 30 days

32、drought stress, AMD gave around a third less lipid peroxides than that of NAMD. Rather, the root activities of AMD were significantly higher than that of the latter after 10 days drought stress. Abstract Thereby, AM fungi might substantially elevate the tolerance to drought of pigeon pea, and the cu

33、mulative effects contributed to the enhanced tolerance. To date, this has been the first report concerning the enhancement of drought tolerance via AM colonization in this legume species.AbstractTitle:Aluminum tolerance in a spermidine synthase-overexpressing transgenic European pear is correlated w

34、ith the enhanced level of spermidine via alleviating oxidative statusAbstract: Aluminum (Al) stress is a major cause of poor crop yields, particularly in those countries where acid soil predominate. To verify whether polyamine can confer Al tolerance, in vitro shoots of a transgenic European pear (P

35、yrus communis L. Ballad) line #32 overexpressing apple spermidine synthase (MdSPDS1) and the wild type (WT) were subjected to long-term stress for 30 M AlCl3. Based on net increment of shoot height (SHI) or fresh weight (FWI) and morphological changes upon the stress, we found that the performance o

36、f line #32 was much better than that of WT. Although SPDS expression levels and spermidine (Spd) titers in line #32 were higher than those in WT, firmly due to the transgene (MdSPDS1) expression, no further induction of SPDS expression was observed from the long-term Al stress trial in both lines. A

37、bstract While, Spd titers were considerably increased in both lines after the stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or glutathione reductase (GR) and the accumulation of proline or malondialdehyde (MDA) altered upon this stress toward a more favorable status for survival in the transg

38、enic line #32 than in WT. These antioxidant parameters were closely related to Spd titer. Abstract Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and some co-factor metals of SOD in line #32 were diversely higher than that in WT after the stress. These evidences indicate that Spd is implicated in elevating of Al st

39、ress tolerance of the transgenic line #32 chiefly via ameliorating oxidative status as well as by affecting mineral element balance. AbstractTitle: Spermidine levels are implicated in heavy metal tolerance in a spermidine synthase overexpressing transgenic European pear by exerting antioxidant activitiesAbstract To verify whether spermidine synthase (SPDS) can confer long-term multi-heavy metal tolerance, in vitro shoots of a transgenic European pear (Pyrus communis L. Ballad) line #32 overexpressing apple SPDS (MdSPDS1), as well as a wild type (WT) line, were subjected to stress using eithe