湖南省长郡中学2018届高三月考试题（二）英语试题Word版含解析

1、河南省长郡中学2018届高三月考试卷（二）英语试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAn Oceans VacuumTheres a col lection of plastic trash in the middle of the Pacific Ocean It/ s bigger than Texasand growing The way to clean it up now is to catch it with nets That is both costly an

2、d slow. In stead, the Ocean Cleanup Project proposes 62-mile-long floating barriers that would use natural currents to trap trash Tf next years trials succeed, a full cleanup operation would aim to start in 2020. It could reduce the trash by 42% over 10 years.Easy-On ShoesIn 2012, Mathew Walzer, a h

3、igh school student with a disability, sent a note to Nike- My dream is o go to col lege, ” he wrote, “without having to worry about someone coming to tie my shoes every day. ” Nike assigned a design team to the chai lenge. This year, they came out with their solution: the FlyEase The basketball shoe

4、 can be fastened with one hand. A pair of Nike FlyEase shoes sells for $130.An Airport for Drones （无人机）As Amazon, Google, and others get ready for drone delivery service, there is one big question: what kinds of home bases will their drones have? Rwanda., in Africa, may have the answer There, worker

5、s will soon start work on three “drone ports” . The goal is to make it easier to transport food, medical supplies, electronics, and other goods through the hilly countryside. Construction is set to be completed in 2020.1 What， s the advantage of the Oceans Vacuum?A It can be a money-saverB It can gr

6、ow year by yearC. It can tear plastic into piecesD. It can be put into wide use soon2. What do we know about Nike?A. It offers free shoes to the disabledB. It is designing new shoes frequentlyC. It provides customer-friendly servicesD Tt responded to Matthew s request passively3 Why is Rwanda settin

7、g up udrone ports” ?A.B.Because road travel there is roughBecause there are too many dronesC.Becausethey re easier toconstruct than roadsD.Because they are receptiveto new technology【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A【解析】文章给我们介绍了三项新的发明、新科技产品和建设项目。1. A推理判断题。根据 An Oceans Vacuum 部分中 the Ocean Cleanup Project proposes62

8、-mi1elong floating barriers that would use natural currents to trap trash.可矢口这项海洋清理项目是运用自然的潮汐流来捕获垃圾，是-项省钱的方法。故选A.2. C推理判断题。根据 Easy-On Shoes 部分中 Nike assigned a design team to the challenge. This year, they came out with their solution: the FlyEase.可知 Nike 公司收到 Mathew Walzer的信息后马上组织设计团队解决此问题，并解决了问题。由

9、此可推断Nike公司给顾客 提供友好的优质的服务，故选C.3. A推理判断题。根据第三部分An Airport for Drones （无人机）中The goal is to make it easier to transport food, medical supplies, electronics, and other goods through the hilly countryside.可知在Rwanda设立无人机机场是因为这是个多山的国家，陆路交通不方便。故 选A.1 grew up in a troubled home in the 1970s, on the outskirts

10、of downtown Orlando, Florida. Not far away, a three-story house attracted my eyes.Tt was nothing like the one T lived in with my mother, a small dark place with rules about befriending others. “Don， t. Never, ever talk to anyone, ” my mother said.One day, in sixth grade, a black-haired woman was int

11、roduced to our class: Mrs. Reese. Reese explained that she was starting Spanish Club. She invited anyone interested in learning Spanish language and culture to stay after school.I could not take my eyes off her bracelets（手镯）and shining rings. The bell rang, and to my shock, no one went up to Mrs Ree

12、se I was under strict orders to go straight home But that day, 1 stayed. 1 asked Mrs Reese when the club started “We could begin right now if you like, ” she said with a smile- I felt beaut if uL That day T learned that the house of my dreams was her house. T learned how to answer questions about my

13、 age and my favorite food in Spanish. And I learned, Do you want to come over tomorrow for cooking lessons?I wanted to say “Yes” , but Mom s words held me backI begged my mother all summer and into fall, well after Spanish Club had dissolved. T wept at night sometimes, so worried that Mrs. Reese and

14、 her fami 1 y would move away.At some point, T man aged to wear my mother dow n and one Saturday after noon. I rode out to Mrs Reese s houseThe details of that afternoon are marked in my mind: We had tea. She painted my toena订s red. We made a garlicky picadillo. We spoke in Spanish ReeseC. She was d

15、eeply attracted by Mrs. ReeseD. She hoped to befriend the owner of her dreamt house6. The author went to Mrs Reese， s house.A. with the help of her tearsB. while no one was noticingC. with her mother，s permissionD. just before the lady moved away7 What did the author gain from Mrs Reese?A The beauty

16、 of SpanishB. The wonder of a new worldC. The power of self-confidenceD. The importance of independence【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B【解析】作者小时候遇到了 Mrs. Reese,从她那里学到了许多东西和对世界新的认识。4. A推理判断题。A. Hard-up手头紧的；B. Two-parent双亲的；C. Stress-free无压力的；D.Disease-ridden 疾病丛生的；根据笫二段 Tt was nothing l ike the one T lived in

17、with my mother, a small dark place with rules about befriending others.可知作者的生活环境 不好，家庭经济条件也不富裕。故选A.5. C推理判断题。根据 I could not take my eyes off her bracelets（手镯）and shining rings. 和 We could begin right now if you like, ” she said with a smile I felt beautiful. That day I learned that the house of my d

18、reams was her house.可知作者被老师的打扮、 声音、微笑和住处吸引，故选C.6. C细节推理题。根据 At some point, T managed to wear my mother down and one Saturday afternoon. T rode out to Mrs. Reese s house.可知I作者是想方设法得到母亲许可后去Mrs. Reese家的，故选C.7. B 推理判断题。根据 I learned how to answer questions about my age and my favorite food in Spanish和 We

19、 had tea. She pai nted my toenai Is red. We made a garlicky pi cadi 1 lo. We spoke in Spanish In Spanish, my voice was loud and romantic This is the real me! I remember thinking.作者在 Mrs. Reese 那里学到了许多东西,But four decades later, I still remember that day and the life she showed me, proof of a possible

20、 future- M Mrs- Reese i上他获得 了对世界新的认识。故选B.CEnglish is full of colorful phrases to describe shyncss Someone shy might be called shrinking violet or a wallflower, while for especially nervous types we have the curious expression: they wouldn t say boo to a goose.None of these are traditionally seen as

21、positive descriptions, even if you like geese In a culture of gogetting, high achievers, shy people don t come first. Or that s what the self-help industry would have you believe Bookshops are filled with vital tomes（巨著）that promise to help beat social fears and find success in life, love and busine

22、ss. That is why one book, Shrinking Violets: A Field Guide to Shyness, bucks the trend. Tt became a sudden success across English-language media recently for its new take-on shynessAuthor Joe Moran says that despite struggling with shyness and longing for loneliness all his life, being shy can also

23、be z/a gift. Freed from the constant urge to participate and compete in social situations, people are liberated to look at the world in new ways, and gain fresh in sights.In deed, many of the worlds great thi nkers and arti sts are introverts （内 向的 人）.Scientists Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein pr

24、eferred their own company; actress Keira Knightley often finds herself tongue-tied at parties; and Harry Potter author JK Rowling claims she used to be too nervous to even borrow a pen.Moran told BBC Future:think shyness probably does turn you into an amateuranthropologist （人类学家），really-you are more

25、 1 ikely to be an observer.So, while extroverts make all the noise, they don，t necessarily have the bestideas.If you，re shy, you，ve probably known this for a long time. You just don，t shoutabout it.8. When someone is being called a wallflower, he is being.A. praised for his grace B admired for his c

26、haracterC laughed at for his shyness D. told off for his nervousness9 The underlined phrase “bucks the trend in Paragraph 2 probably means ” ” A. going against the trend and succeedsB. changing the public idea completelyC. becoming unpopular and unacceptedD becoming the major concern of people10. Th

27、e author mentioned many famous shy people in order toA. point out the harm shyness bringsB. discorrnect shyness and successC shows the reasons for shynessD prove shyness contributes to science11. What is the author s attitude towards shyness?A. Opposed B. Tndi fferentC. Supportive D. Critical【答案】& C

28、 9. A 10. B 11. C【解析】作者通过畅销书和大量实例说明害羞不一定是坏事，它和成功没有必然联系。害羞是洞察世界的一种新方式。& C推理判断题。根据第一段 Someone shy might be called shrinking violet or a wallflower 和第二段 None of those are trad it io nally seen as positive descriptions 可知被称为 shrinking violet或wallflower都不是积极的褒义的称谓,是别人在嘲笑自己的害羞，故 选C.9. A猜测词义题。上句 Bookshops

29、are filled with vital tomes （E著）that promi se to help beat social fears and find success in life, love and business.说明书店畅销的都是帮助克 服恐惧，在生活、爱和商业方面成功的巨著。下句It became a sudden success说明ShrinkingViolets: A Field Guide to Shyness这本书与畅销书内容不同,却很成功。所以划线词语“bucks the trend”指与社会潮流相违背却很成功,故选A.10. B推理判断题。根据第四段 Inde

30、ed, many of the worlds great thinkers and artists are introverts （|A）向的人）和下面列举的 Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, Keira Knightley 和JK Rowling几个成功人士曾经也很害羞的例子，冃的是为了说明成功和害羞没有必然的联 系，故选B.11. C推理判断题。根据第二段 Shrinking Violets: A Field Guide to Shyness, bucks the trend. It became a sudden success 可知这本书很成功。第三段

31、being shy can also be a gift, people are liberated to look at the world in new ways, and gain fresh insights.可 知害羞是看世界的一种新方式。第四段Indeed, many of the worlds great thinkers and artists are introverts（内向的人）.可知许多害羞的人很成功。最后一段内向和外向进行了 对比。由此可知作者对害羞不是反对和批评，而是支持和赞成。故选C.【名师点睛】推理判断题屈于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。此类题要

32、求在理解表面 文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文 章屮的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达 的态度和观点。一、常见的推理判断题的考法：1）推测作者写作目的或意图。小题3考查作者举例的目的，根据第四段Indeed, many of the worlds great thinkers and artists are introverts （内向的人）.和卜面列举的 Chari es Darwin, Albert Einstein, Keira Knightley 和 JK Rowling 几个成功人士曾经也很害羞

33、的例 子，目的是为了说明成功和害羞没有必然的联系。2）推测文章的观点或结论。小题1考查什么人被称为wallflower,根据第一段Someone shy might be called shri nking violet or a wallflower 和第二段 None of these are traditi on ally see n as positive descriptions可知被称为shrinking violet或wallflower者b不是积极的褒义的称谓，是别 人在嘲笑自己的害羞。小题4考查作者对待害羞的态度，根据第二段Shrinking Violets: A Field

34、 Guide to Shyness, bucks the trend. It became a sudden success 可知这本书彳艮成功。 第三段 being shy can also be a gift, people are liberated to look at the world in new ways, and gain fresh in引ghts.可知害羞是看世界的一种新方式。第四段Indeed, many of the worlds great thinkers and artists are introverts（内向的人）可知许多害羞的人很成功。最后一段内向和外向进

35、行 了对比。由此可知作者对害羞不是反对和批评，而是支持和赞成。DErigatebirds seagoing fliers with a 6-foot wingspan, can stay aloft（up in theair） for weeks at a time, a new study has found.Since the frigatebird spends most of its life at sea, its habits outside of whenit reproduces on land aren t wel1-known-unti1 researchers start

36、ed tracking themaround the Indian Ocean. What the researchers discovered is that the bird s flyingability is unbe1ievab1eOrnithologist （鸟类学家）Henri Weimerskirch put satellite tage（标签）on a coupleof dozen frigatebirds. When the data started to come in, he could hardly believe how high the birds flew.Fi

37、rst, we found, Whoa, 1,500 meters. Excel lent,J says Weimerskirch, Andafter 2, 000, after 3, 000, after 4, 000 meters-OK, at this altitude they are in freezingconditions, especially surprising for a tropical birdThere is no other bird flying so high relative to the sea surface,he says.Tts the only b

38、ird that is known to intentional ly enter into a cloud,z，Weimerskirch says And not just any cloud-a soft, white cumulus cloud（积云）.Over the ocean, these clouds tend to form in places where warm air rises from the sea surface The birds take a ride on the current of rising air, al 1 the way up to the t

39、op of the cloud.Frigatebirds have to find ways to stay aloft because they can，t land on the water. Since their feathers aren，t waterproof, the birds would drown in short order. They feed by harassing other birds in flight unt订 they bring whatever fish they，ve swa11 owed back into their mouth and the

40、 frigatebird takes itSo in between meals, frigatebirds fly higher. and higher.In one case, for two months-continuously aloft.One of the tagged birds flew 40 mi 1 es without a wing-f 1 ap. Several covered more than 300 miles a day on average, and flew continuously for weeks. They are blessed with an

41、un usual bod y No bi rd has a larger wing surface area compared with body weight 12. How did researchers feel when data about frigatebirds reached them?A. Calm Be SurprisedC. Hopeful D. Anxious13. According to the text, how can frigatebirds fly so high?A. By flying into a cloudB With the help of res

42、earchersC Thanks to advanced technologyD. By fol lowing other birds into the sky14. What does the underlined word ” they in the text refer to?A. Frigatebirds B. Other birdsC. Smal1 fish D Larger fish15. In what aspect are frigatebirds different from other birds?A. When they give birth B. What they f

43、eed onC. Their body weight D Their wing surface area【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D【解析】Frigatebird的飞行高度无鸟能比，令人难以相信。文章介绍了它的飞行高度、飞行 特点、饮食方法以及导致它能连续高飞的原因。12. B细节推理题。根据笫三段 When the data started to come in, he could hardly bel ieve how high the birds flew.可知当研究者看至lj frigatebird的飞行数据达到的高度时,感到难以 相信，非常吃惊。故选B.13

44、. A细节推理题。根据第五段 And not just any cloud-a soft, white cumulus cloud（积云）.Over the ocean, these clouds tend to form in places where warm air rises from the sea surface. The birds take a ride on the current of rising air, al I the way up to the top of the cloud.可知frigatebird随着上升的空气气流一路飞向云屮，故选A.14. B猜测词义题

45、。此处指frigatebirds靠扰乱其他鸟们的飞行，直到那些鸟把咽下去的鱼吐出來， frigatebirds吃掉这些食物。句中they指的是其他的鸟，故选B.15. D细节推理题。根据最后一句 They are blessed with an unusual body. No bird has a larger wing surface area compared with body weight.可知 frigatebird 与别的鸟不同之处在于 它有较大的翅膀，故选D.【名师点睛】细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。事实 和细节题的命题特点是：对文

46、章或某一段落屮的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般 包括直接理解题和语义转化题。做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1. 略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握屮心或主旨；2. 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second 等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；3将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找 到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1考查研究者看到 frigatebird的飞行数据达到的高度时的态度,根据第三段When the data started to come in

47、, he could hardly bel ieve how high the birds flew.可知当研究者看到 frigatebird 的飞行数据达到的高度时，感到难以相信，非常吃惊。小题2根据第五段And not just any cloud-a soft, white cumulus cloud（积云）.Over the ocean, these clouds tend to form in places where warm air rises from the sea surface. The birds take a ride on the current of rising

48、 air, al 1 the way up to the top of the cloud.可知J frigatebird 随 着上升的空气气流一路飞向云中。小题4根据最后一句They are blessed with an unusual body. No bird has a larger wing surface area compared with body weight.可知 frigatebird与别的鸟不同之处在于它有较大的翅膀。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Build a

49、 Student，s Self-ConfidenceEducating students means more than giving them academic knowledge. Simply knowing a correct response doesn t give a student the confidence to raise his hand to answer a ques tion. Students perform best in con struct! ve learning envir on merits. 16Provide leadership opportu

50、nities for students. Cultivate （培养）importsnt characteristics, including responsibi1ity and indcpcndencc by assigning studonts to take different classroom roles Suitable jobs inelude hall monitors, audio-visual assistants and classroom helpers. 17Set achievable goals for each student. 18 Engage in on

51、going dialogue regarding your expectations and their individual progress Reward students for meeting challenges, while persuading struggling students back on trackGive constructive feedback to help reduce weaknesses and strengthen strengths Teach students that self-confidence isn t built from being

52、harmed by praise. Rema in honest with each student to encourage them to speak out their problems, instead of avoiding or denying their existenee. Make corrections without damaging your students confidenceEncourage students to set high standards for themselves. 19 Reinforce化）this message with age-app

53、ropriate examples and literature. Provide consistent encouragement to students to show your commitment to their success.20 Realizefosters persistence.that conquering difficuIt tasks builds mental toughness andRelay this message to your students by asking each one to writea goal that focuseson improv

54、ing a weak area.Help your students develop relevantattack plans.A. Push students toimprove their weaknessesall agesachieving greatnessB Self-confidence games con help students ofC Reassure students that they are capable ofD You can ease students， insecurities with various activities that build confi

55、denceE. They are especially useful in helping young children build success for their futureF. Realize that overcoming self-doubt to achieve objectives helps build students confideneeG. Mastering some duties can help build confidenee and erase fear of trying new experiences【答案】16. D 17. G18. F 19. C2

56、0. A【解析】培养学生的白信心很重要，文章介绍了儿种增强学生白信心的方法。16. D考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲教育学生不仅要教给他们知识还要给学生口信, 自信对于学生很重要。下文讲增强自信的各种方法。D项：可以用增强自信的各种活动來缓解 学生的不安全感。承上启下，连接前后。故选D.17. G考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲给学生提供领导的机会，分派各种任务。G项： 分派职责你帮助学生增强口信和减少尝试新体验的恐惧，是给学生提供领导的机会，分派各 种任务的作用，故选G.18. F考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲给学生制定能实现的目标。F项：要意识到克服 自我怀疑来实现目标能帮助学生增强自信，是对本段屮心句的进一步说明，下文是具体做法, 故选F.19. C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。鼓励学生给自己设定高标准，C项：让学生相信他们有 能力成就伟大,下句的Re in force （强化）this message指的就是此观念,故选C.20. A考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲征服困难的任务会增强精神的韧性，培养毅力, 让学生逐步克服弱项。A项：督促学