汽车专业英语(3-7)

1、Specialized English for Automobile Unit Three 3.1 Drive Line Contents Pre-questions II. Text Explanation III. Exercises v How many main units does the drive line assembly consist of? What are they？ v The drive line assembly consists of six main units. v They are clutch, transmission, drive shaft, fi

2、nal drive, differential and the driving wheels. Diagram of car showing clutch location Pre-questions v How does the drive line work? v The drive line carries power from the engine crankshaft to the driving wheels, so the wheels rotate and the automobile moves. Pre-questions II. Text Explanation Fig.

3、3-1 Drive Line 1-clutch; 2-transmission; 3-universal joint; 4-final drive; 5-differential; 6-drive shaft v The typical drive line comprises clutch, transmission, drive shaft, final drive, differential and the driving wheels. v 译文：典型传动系统一般包括离合器、变速器、传动轴、 主减速器、差速器和驱动轮等六部分。 II. Text Explanation v When y

4、ou lift the clutch pedal, springs force the pressure plate and clutch plate against the flywheel. v 译文：当抬起踏板时，压缩弹簧将压盘和从动盘推向飞 轮。 II. Text Explanation v A manual transmission requires a clutch to apply and remove the engine torque to the transmission input shaft. v 译文：手动变速器需要用离合器来把发动机转矩施加给 变速器输入轴或从变速器

5、输入轴撤消。 II. Text Explanation v When the car is on straight road, the ring gear, differential case, differential pinion gears, and two differential side gears all turn as a unit without any relative motion. v 译文：汽车在直线行驶时，齿圈、差速器壳、差速器行 星齿轮和两个差速器半轴齿轮作为一个整体运转，而无 任何相对运动 。 II. Text Explanation v The drive s

6、hafts are usually hollow in order to weigh less, but of a large diameter so that they are strong . v 译文：传动轴通常是空心的以减轻重量，但直径比较大 使它有足够的强度 。 II. Text Explanation III. Exercises v manual transmission v reverse idler gears v gear ratios v drive shaft v clutch plate v differential v universal joint v coil

7、spring v pressure plate v synchronizer v 手动变速器 v 倒档齿轮 v 齿轮齿数比 v 传动轴 v 离合器片 v 差速器 v 万向节 v 螺旋弹簧 v 压盘 v 同步器 I.Translate the following expressions into Chinese. III. Exercises v II. Identify the English names of the drive line according to the picture. v 1 engine ; 2 transmission; 3 drive shaft; 4 drivi

8、ng wheel; v 5clutch; 6 universal joint; 7final drive III. Exercises v III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words. v The (differential ) system is part of the rear-axle-housing (assembly ), which includes the differential, (rear axles ), w

9、heel and (bearings). v If the automobile were to be driven in a (straight ) line without having to make turns, then no differential would be necessary. However, when the automobile rounds a turn, the (outer ) wheel must travel farther than the (inner ) wheel. The differential (permits) the two rear

10、wheels to rotate (different ) amounts when the automobile goes around a turn, while still (delivering v ) power to both rear wheels. III. Exercises v IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. v 1. Although there are many types of clutch, the dry single plate type of traction clutch is used

11、 almost exclusively in passenger cars. v 2. The pressure on driven disk fitted onto the splined portion of shaft is provided by springs installed between the housing and pressure driving disks. v 3. The universal joint or U-joints is used to connect the dive shaft to the transmission output shaft an

12、d the differential pinion gear shaft. v 1.虽然离合器的种类很多，但客车上采用最多的还是单片 干式离合器。 v 2.从动盘安装在传动轴的花键槽内，从动盘上的压力来自 弹簧的弹力，这些弹簧安装在离合器壳和主动盘之间。 v 3.万向节将动力输入轴、动力输出轴和差速器齿轮轴连接 在一起。 v V. Translate the following sentences into English. v 1. 如果快速运转的发动机突然与静止车辆的传动系相连接， 就会产生强烈的冲击。 v 2. 离合器是一种用以连接和分离发动机和变速器的装置。 v 3. 装有自动变速器的

13、汽车一般不需要离合器。 v 1.It will have a strong impact when the spinning engine connects the stationary transmission. v 2.The clutch is a device which is designed to connect and disconnect the engine and the transmission. v 3. There is not clutch when the automobile equip automatic transmission. Specialized E

14、nglish for Automobile Specialized English for Automobile Unit Three 3.2 Clutch Contents Pre-questions II. Text Explanation III. Exercises v What will you do when you move the car？ v What will you do when you change gears? Start the car Release parking brake and the clutch pedal and push down gas Fir

15、st gear Neutral position Depress the clutch pedal second gear Release the clutch pedal clutch Depress the clutch pedal First gear v Where is the clutch in the automobile? Diagram of car showing clutch location A-engine B-clutch C-clutch pedal D-manual transmission Pre-questions vWhat is the function

16、 of the clutch? vConnect or disconnect the power from the engine to the drive line. Pre-questions vHow many main parts does the clutch consist of? driving members driven members control mechanisms pressing mechanisms Pre-questions v In a car, you need a clutch because the engine spins all the time,

17、but the cars wheels do not. v spin spin vt. 2-driven disk; 3-flywheel; 4-clutch cover v Most cars equipped with a manual transmission use a single clutch disc, a diaphragm type spring，a pressure plate and clutch cover assembly, a clutch release bearing, and a clutch release fork. v single clutch dis

18、c 单片离合器盘 v diaphragm type spring 膜片式弹簧 v pressure plate 压盘 v clutch cover 离合器盖 v release bearing 分离轴承 v release fork 分离叉 II. Text Explanation driven disk Pressure plate and cover cover pressure plate flywheel release levers and release yoke release levers release yoke v The clutch has a clutch disc

19、as its major part, and the clutch disc consists of a circular metal plate attached to a reinforced splined hub. v circular s:kjuladj. 圆形的, 环形的; 循环的 v reinforce ri:n,f:svt. 增强; 加强 v splined hub 花键毂 v 译文：离合器有一个离合器盘作为主要部件，离合器盘包 括一个圆形的金属盘，它与强化的花键毂连接在一起。 attached to a reinforced splined hub 是过去分词短语作状 语修饰

20、metal plate II. Text Explanation v The splined hub is free to slide lengthwise along the splines of the transmission input shaft. v lengthwise lewaiz adv. 纵长地, 纵向地 v 译文：（离合器的）花键毂可以沿着变速器输入轴的花键 自由滑动。 II. Text Explanation v In its operating position in the engine/transmission linkup, the clutch disc is

21、 sandwiched between the engine flywheel and clutch pressure plate. v sandwich snwid n. 三明治 vt. 1 把夹在之间 2 挤在中间 v 译文：在发动机和变速器接合状态下，离合器盘被夹在发动 机飞轮和离合器压盘之间。 II. Text Explanation v sandwich v 把一片火腿夹在两片面包之间就做成了火腿三明治。 v To make a ham sandwich you put a slice of ham between two slices of bread. v 在公共汽车上, 他被挤

22、在两个胖女人中间。 v He was sandwiched between two very fat women on the bus. v The clutch fork and linkage provide the means of converting the up-and-down movement of the clutch pedal to the back-and-forth movement of the clutch release bearing assembly. v means mi:nzn. 方法, 手段 v 译文：离合器分离叉和连接件提供了将离合器踏板的上下 运动

23、转化为离合器分离轴承机构的前后运动的一种方法。 II. Text Explanation v means v 科学家们正在为发明一种能储存这种动力的方法而工作。 v Scientists are working to devise a means of storing this type of power. diaphragm-spring type coil-pressure-spring type III. Exercises v clutch release fork v drive train v driving axles v pressure plate v diaphragm t

24、ype v splined hub v coil spring v diaphragm release fingers v friction disks v engagement and disengagement v 分离叉 v 传动系 v 传动轴 v 压盘 v 膜片式 v 花键毂 v 螺旋弹簧 v 膜片弹簧分离杠杆 v 摩擦盘 v 分离和接合 I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese. v II. Identify the English names of clutch according to the picture. 1-f

25、riction disk 2-spring 3-splined hub 4-driven disk 5-pressure plate 6- locating studs 7-diaphragm spring 8-fulcrum ring 9-clutch cover III. Exercises v III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words. v The clutch release mechanism can be opera

26、ted either (mechanically) or (hydraulically). The mechanically operated release mechanism consists of a (pedal ), a (return spring ), a shaft with lever, a rod, a release yoke (lever ), a release yoke, a release ball bearing with support and a clutch release spring. v When the clutch pedal is (depre

27、ssed ), the rod and shaft with yoke shift the release bearing and support (assembly ). The release bearing presses the inner ends of the release levers, the pressure (driven) is moved away from the (plate) disk and the clutch is disengaged. To (engage v ) the clutch, the pedal is released, the relea

28、se bearing and support assembly is shifted back by the return spring thus releasing the releasing levers so that the pressure plate is forced by its springs towards the flywheel to clamp the driven disk and engage the clutch. v IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. v 1. The clutch is a

29、 device used to provide smooth engagement and disengagement of engine and transmission. v 2. Every vehicle has an engine which provides the starting power, but the engine develops little power or torque at low rpm, and must gain speed before it moves a vehicle. v 3. If the rapidly rotating engine wa

30、s suddenly connected to the driveline of a stationary vehicle, the engagement would not be soft. v 1.离合器是一种用以平稳连接和分离发动机和变速器的装 置。 v 2.每辆汽车都有一个提供动力的发动机，但是发动机在低 速转动时几乎不产生动力或扭矩，而且发动机必须快速转 动才能推动车辆前进。 v 3.如果快速转动的发动机突然与静止车辆的驱动系统相连， 这种接合就不会柔和。 v V. Translate the following sentences into English. v 1. 经过离合器的

31、动力输出主要是由与发动机曲轴相连的一 个或多个驱动元件与一个或多个动力输入轴相连的驱动元 件相接触形成的。 v 2. 沿压盘和离合器之间的圆周均匀分布的弹簧夹住压盘与 飞轮之间的从动盘。 v 3. 汽车离合器在构造上都很相似，只是在压紧机构和分离 机构的细节上稍有不同。 v 1. Power output by the clutch is mainly driven by the formation of tangency between one or more drive components connected to the engine crankshaft and others con

32、nected to the power input shaft. v 2. The spring evenly distributed between the circumference of the pressure plate clamps the clutch disc between the flywheel and pressure plate. v 3. All automotive clutches are very similar in construction, only different in the details of the pressure-plate assem

33、blies and the separation. Specialized English for Automobile Specialized English for Automobile Unit Three 3.3 Manual Transmission Contents Pre-questions II. Text Explanation III. Exercises v What does the manual transmission consist of? v The manual transmission consists of a housing , an input sha

34、ft and gear, an output shaft and gear, a counter shaft, a reverse gear, a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechanism. Diagram of car showing clutch location Pre-questions v Whats the function of the gear shift mechanism? v The gear shift mechanism is designed for engaging gears, setting them neutra

35、l and engaging the reverse speed. Pre-questions v Where is the transmission located in the car? What does it act as? v The transmission is located in the middle of the engine and driving wheels. v It acts as changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft, reversing

36、 the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting. Pre-questions II. Text Explanation Fig. 3-3 Manual Transmission 1-shift mechanism; 2- shift forks; 3-input shaft; 4-output shaft; 5-counter shaft v A transmission is a speed and power changin

37、g device installed at some point between the engine and driving wheels of the vehicle. v 译文：变速器是一个安装在汽车发动机和车轮间某个位 置上的变换速度和动力的装置 。 II. Text Explanation v Two types of transmission are the manual and the automatic . v 译文：变速器可以分为手动式和自动式两种 。 II. Text Explanation v The manual transmission consists of a h

38、ousing , an input shaft and gear, an output shaft and gear, a counter shaft, a reverse gear, a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechanism . v 译文：手动式变速器由壳体、输入轴及齿轮、输出轴及 齿轮、中间轴、倒档齿轮、齿轮组和换档装置组成 。 II. Text Explanation v The input shaft is made of steel integral with the driving gear and the rim . v 译文：输

39、入轴是钢制的，与驱动齿轮和齿圈制成一体 。 II. Text Explanation v The gear shift mechanism consists of a lever, shift rails, shift forks, retainers, locks and a reverse speed safety device. v 译文：齿轮换挡装置包括换档杆、拨叉轴、换档拨叉、 保持架、换档锁和倒档安全装置 。 II. Text Explanation III. Exercises v parking or coasting v neutral position v tractive

40、 resistance v counter shaft v reverse gear v splined portion of the shaft v in the bore of the crankshaft v reverse speed safety device v shift lever v spherical bulb v 停车或滑行 v 空挡位 v 牵引阻力 v 中间轴 v 反转齿轮 v 轴的花键部分 v 曲轴孔内 v 倒档速度安全装置 v 拨叉轴 v 球形座孔 I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese. III. E

41、xercises v II. Identify the English names of the manual transmission according to the picture. v 1-input shaft; 2-sleeve; 3-output shaft; v 4-reverse shaft; 5-idler shaft; 6-gear v III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words. v As we know,

42、 an engine can (generate ) only limited torque at low speeds. Driving condition is very complicated and this requires the (tractive) effort and speed vary in a large scope. And without sufficient (torque), moving a heavily loaded vehicle from a standing start is impossible. In any engine, the cranks

43、haft always rotates in the same (direction ). If the engine (transmits) its power directly to the drive axles, the wheels could be (driven ) only in one direction. v Given a level road, an automobile without a transmission could be made to move by (accelerating) the engine and (engaging) the clutch.

44、 However, a start under these conditions would be slow, (noisy ) and uncomfortable. In addition, it would place a (tremendous) strain on the engine and driving parts of the automobile. v IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. v Most automobile manual transmissions allow the driver to se

45、lect any forward gear at any time, but some, such as those commonly mounted on motorcycles and some types of racing cars, only allow the driver to select the next-higher or next-lower gear ratio. v Manual transmissions are characterized by gear ratios that are selectable by locking selected gear pai

46、rs to the output shaft inside the transmission. v Contemporary automotive manual transmissions are generally available with four to six forward gears and one reverse gear, although manual transmissions have been built with as few as two and as many as eight gears. v 1.大多数汽车的手动变速器，允许司机随时选择任意前进 档位，但也有

47、例外，安装在摩托车和某些赛车上的手动变 速器，只允许司机选择次高档或次低档。 v 2.手动变速器的特点主要是：传动比的选择由安装在变速 箱内部与输出轴相连的特定齿轮副确定。 v 3.当代汽车手动变速器一般设置四至六个前进档和一个倒 档，齿轮数一般有二至八个。 v V. Translate the following sentences into English. v 1. 变速器是用来改变发动机曲轴送到驱动轴的转矩，完成 倒车和在汽车长时间停车或滑行时分离发动机和动力传动 系统的装置。 v 2. 变速器中间轴齿轮与主动齿轮是常啮合的。 v 3. 换档装置通过变换齿轮啮合，实现前进档、空档和倒档

48、 之间的变换。 v 1. The transmission is designed for changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft, reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting. v 2. The idler shaft gear and the driving gear are in

49、 constant mesh. v 3. The gear shift mechanism completes the conversion among forward, neutral and reverse position to change gearing. Specialized English for Automobile Specialized English for Automobile Unit Three 3.4 Automatic Transmission Contents Pre-questions II. Text Explanation III. Exercises

50、 v How many main units is the automatic transmission divided into? What are they ? v The automatic transmission is divided into five main units. v They are planetary gear sets, the hydraulic system, seals and gaskets, the torque converter, the governor and the modulator or throttle cable. Diagram of

51、 car showing clutch location Pre-questions v Whats the function of planetary gear sets ? v The planetary gear sets provides overdrive, reverse, forward reduction, neutral, and direct drive. Pre-questions v Whats the function of seals and gaskets in automatic transmission ? v Seals and gaskets are us

52、ed to keep the oil where it is supposed to be and prevent it from leaking out. Pre-questions II. Text Explanation Fig.3-4 Planetary Gear System 1- planet gear; 2- sun gear; 3- ring gear; 4-planetary carrier v Automatic transmission is easy to manipulate in a crowded vehicle, they can greatly improve

53、 traffic safety and reliability. v 译文：自动变速器很容易操纵，在车辆拥挤时，可大大 提高车辆行驶的安全性及可靠性 。 II. Text Explanation v The basic planetary gear set consists of a sun gear, a ring gear and two or more planet gears, all remaining in constant mesh . v 译文：基本的行星齿轮装置由一个太阳轮、一个齿圈和 两个或更多个行星齿轮组成，所有元件之间保持常啮合 状态 。 II. Text Explan

54、ation v The torque converter can change the twisting motion of the engine crankshaft . v 译文：液力变矩器可以改变发动机曲轴的扭转运动 。 II. Text Explanation v The hydraulic system is a complex maze of passages and tubes that sends transmission fluid under pressure to all parts of the transmission and torque converter . v

55、 译文：液压系统是个由复杂的通道和管道组成的迷宫， 将一定压力的传动油送到变速器和液力变矩器内的所有 零件上 。 II. Text Explanation v Seals and gaskets to control the flow of hydraulic fluid and to keep it from leaking out . v 译文：密封圈和密封垫用来控制传动液的流动并防止其 泄漏 。 II. Text Explanation III. Exercises v one-way clutch v throttle valve v torque converter v planet

56、ary gear v pump wheel v fuel-efficient v top gear v hydraulic control circuit v clutch pack v planetary gear set v 单向离合器 v 节气门 v 液力变矩器 v 行星齿轮 v 泵轮 v 燃油效率 v 高速档 v 液压控制管路 v 离合器压盘 v 行星齿轮组 I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese. III. Exercises v II. Identify the English names of planetary g

57、ear system according to the picture. v 1- planetary carrier; 2- sun gear; 3- planet gear; 4- ring gear v III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words. v The key difference between a (manual ) and an (automatic ) transmission is that the man

58、ual transmission locks and unlocks different sets of gears to the (output ) shaft to achieve the various gear ratios, while in an automatic transmission, the same set of gears produces all of the different gear ratios. v There are two basic types of automatic transmissions based on whether the vehic

59、le is (rear ) wheel drive or (front ) wheel drive. On a rear wheel drive car, the transmission is usually (mounted ) to the back of the engine. A drive shaft connects the rear of the transmission to the (final drive ) which is located in the rear (axle) and is used to send (power ) to the rear wheel

60、s. On a front wheel drive car, the transmission is usually combined with the final drive to form what is called a (transaxle). Front axles are connected directly to the transaxle and provide power to the front wheels. v IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. v An automatic transmission