高三句型讲课讲义

1、高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义句子成分句子成分&基本句型基本句型 句子成分句子成分在句子中起着不同语法作用的部分，叫做句子成分。句子成分有9种：主语、谓语动主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、补语、词、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、同位语、插入语。状语、同位语、插入语。高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义 1、主语（主语（subjectsubject）：）：表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常是谓语动词的动作执行,主语通常由 The students worked very hardThe students worked very hardThey are from America.They a

2、re from America.80% of the students in our class 80% of the students in our class are girls.are girls.To learn English is very difficult To learn English is very difficult for us.=It is difficult for us to learn for us.=It is difficult for us to learn English.English.Swimming in the lake is dangerou

3、s.Swimming in the lake is dangerous.What he said is true.What he said is true.名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、或主语从句担任。或主语从句担任。 高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义2.谓语动词谓语动词：说明主语的动作或具有的状态与特征，：说明主语的动作或具有的状态与特征，由动词充当。英语中一个简单句一般只能出现一个谓由动词充当。英语中一个简单句一般只能出现一个谓语动词。语动词。构成形式如下：构成形式如下：1）简单谓语：）简单谓语：She practices speaking E

4、nglish every day.The woman takes good care of the baby.I have got rid of smoking.2）复合谓语形式）复合谓语形式(1)：You may go now.He has caught a bad cold.We are going to visit the old town tomorrow. (2)： It will be wasted.由一个动词或动词短语构成。由一个动词或动词短语构成。由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词构成动词构成情态动词情态动词+系动词系动词+表语表语高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义3 3

5、、宾语：、宾语：表示动作承受的对象，宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或宾语从句来担任。分为： 找出下列句子中的宾语He bought a new car.The heavy snow prevented her from going to school.She enjoys listening to music.I dont know how to get there.I think that he is old enough to join the army.动宾动宾&介宾介宾高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义4、宾补：英语中有少数及物动词,或介词后除了接一个宾语外，还必须有一个

6、宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明，这样才能使句子的意义完整.可充当宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）。找出其中的宾语补足语The boss made us work 14 hours every day.We found the dog lying on the ground.We painted our house white.We found him killed the next morning You shouldnt leave the classroom with the door open.高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义5.表语表语是在连系动词之

7、后表示主语性质、特征、是在连系动词之后表示主语性质、特征、状态或身份的部分。表语通常由名词、代词、状态或身份的部分。表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词或表语从句担任。名词、分词或表语从句担任。 如：The football match is on.（副词）All the pupils are on the playground.（介词短语）He seemed surprised at the new.（分词）The key question is how we should solve the problem.（从句

8、）高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一： + （主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四： + +O1 +2（主谓（主谓间宾直宾）间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾（主谓宾宾补）宾补） s: subject v: verb P: predicative o: object (indirect) c: complement基本句型一：基本句型一： 高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义该句型无被动 系动词分类：

9、系动词分类：1 1）变化系动词：）变化系动词：例：例：She becomes a lawyer.She becomes a lawyer. The eggs went bad. The eggs went bad.2 2）状态系动词：）状态系动词： 例：例：He always kept silent at meeting.He always kept silent at meeting.3 3）感官系动词：）感官系动词：例：例：The milk tastes sour.The milk tastes sour. The cloth feels soft. The cloth feels sof

10、t.4 4）终止性系动词：）终止性系动词：例：例：His plan turned out a success.His plan turned out a success.turn, become, grow, fall, get, turn, become, grow, fall, get, go, come, rungo, come, run等等be, seem, remain, stay, be, seem, remain, stay, stand, keepstand, keep等等feel, smell, sound, taste, feel, smell, sound, taste,

11、 look, appearlook, appear等等prove, turn outprove, turn out等等高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义补充： there be 句型。be还可换为stand, stand, lie, exit, seem, happen, appear, lie, exit, seem, happen, appear, live, remainlive, remain等等There is some water on the surface of the desk.There is some one singing a beautiful song.高三句型讲课讲

12、义高三句型讲课讲义Spring comes and all trees turn green.He stayed awake all night.You dont look happy, whats the matter?Their plan sounds wonderful.Who will take charge of the company is unknown.What made me annoyed was that he didnt turn up on time.练习一练习一 划分以下句子成分划分以下句子成分高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义练习二练习二作文句式再现作文句式再现1.

13、1.勤奋工作是成功的关键。勤奋工作是成功的关键。2.2.快餐食品远不令人满意。快餐食品远不令人满意。3.3.他们觉得眩晕乏力。他们觉得眩晕乏力。4.4.其他学生反对这个观点。（其他学生反对这个观点。（againstagainst）5.5.它是释放压力的有用方法它是释放压力的有用方法. .6.6.有部分学生赞同这个观点（有部分学生赞同这个观点（agree）。）。 基本句型二：基本句型二： + （主谓）（主谓）高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义2. + （主谓）（主谓）eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died. We all breathe

14、, drink and eat. We students should study hard. 这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词练习一练习一划分以下句子成分划分以下句子成分 注：注：1.We walked for five miles.2.This box weighs five kilometers.高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义3.They will be flying to London. 4.He kept trying until dark.5.Whether we will have a picnicdepends on the weather.6

15、.Making informed decisions in time counts.高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义练习二练习二作文句式再现作文句式再现1.1.绵阳已经发生了巨大变化。绵阳已经发生了巨大变化。2.2.我们不应该熬夜太晚。我们不应该熬夜太晚。3.3.学生们可以快乐地生活和学习。学生们可以快乐地生活和学习。4.4.面对失败，他们决不放弃。面对失败，他们决不放弃。5.5.怎么合理地安排时间更重要。（怎么合理地安排时间更重要。（countcount）基本句型三：基本句型三： + +O （主谓（主谓+宾）宾）高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义主谓主谓+ +宾宾 这种结构中的谓语动词是及物这

16、种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面只跟一个宾语。动词，后面只跟一个宾语。 She is reading a novel. You may have seen each other. She prefers to stay at home. Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity.What they did influenced our environment badly.高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义练习一练习一 划分以下句子成分划分以下句子成分1.This factory makes machine tools. 2.M

17、ary has ordered a new dress. 3.I have had my lunch.4.Doing exercise every day benefits you a lot.5.Whatever you say now cant make up for what you have done.高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义练习二练习二作文句式再现作文句式再现1.老师和家长持有不同观点。老师和家长持有不同观点。2.养宠物有许多优点。养宠物有许多优点。3.其他人反对网购。（其他人反对网购。（object）4。经营博客将花费许多时间和精力。经营博客将花费许多时间和精力。5.我们应

18、当通过法律去保护有限的水资源。我们应当通过法律去保护有限的水资源。基本句型四：基本句型四： + +O + O （主谓（主谓+间宾间宾+直宾）直宾）21高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义主主+ +谓谓+ +直宾直宾+ +间宾间宾 谓语为双宾及物动词，其后需跟间接宾语（通常指人）和直接宾语 通常指物或事）。 常见的动词有常见的动词有allow,assign,award,bring,buy,cause, allow,assign,award,bring,buy,cause, choose, fetch, find, get, give, grant, hand, choose, fetch, find

19、, get, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promiseleave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promise, read, recommend, refuse, render, return, sell, read, recommend, refuse, render, return, sell, send, show, sing, take, telephone, touch, tell, send, show, sing, take, telephon

20、e, touch, tell, throw, wish, write throw, wish, write 等等 例：例：I gave him the book. Ill return you the dictionary soon. 注注：有时间接宾语可移至直接宾语之后，但要加有时间接宾语可移至直接宾语之后，但要加相应的介词如相应的介词如 “toto”，“forfor”，“ofof” 等等高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义例：例：Betty gave her daughter an apple.Betty gave her daughter an apple.Betty gave an app

21、le to her daughter.Betty gave an apple to her daughter.Father bought him a bike.Father bought him a bike.Father bought a bike for him.Father bought a bike for him.Please pass me the cake.Please pass me the cake.Please pass the cake to me.Please pass the cake to me.高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义练习一练习一 划分以下句子成分划分以下

22、句子成分1.My father bought me an Mp4.Kate made two cards for her teacher= She sells the shoes to customers=My father bought an Mp4 for me.4.I will write you a letter when I arrive home.=I will write a letter to you when I arrive home2.She sells customers the shoes. 3.Kate made her teacher two cards.=高三句

23、型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义练习二练习二作文句式再现作文句式再现1.我向你推荐我自己。我向你推荐我自己。2.这个节目告诉我们奥运冠军的这个节目告诉我们奥运冠军的 成长经历。成长经历。（Olympic championships）3.他们给予了我们无私的帮助。他们给予了我们无私的帮助。4.父母仅仅给子女钱去买早餐。父母仅仅给子女钱去买早餐。高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义 I recommend myself to you. The program tells us the growing experience of the Olympic championships. They give us

24、unselfish help. Parents just give their children money to buy breakfast.基本句型三：基本句型三： + +O+C （主谓（主谓+宾宾+宾补）宾补）高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义主谓主谓+ +宾宾+ +宾补宾补 该句型中，谓语动词虽有宾语，该句型中，谓语动词虽有宾语，但句子意义仍不完整，需加补语，补足其意义。但句子意义仍不完整，需加补语，补足其意义。充当宾语补语的有充当宾语补语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语及分词等不定式短语及分词等例：例：We call him a fool. W

25、e found the house empty. Our neighbors built their wall high. We believe you to be an honest man. I heard them singing in the classroom. 补充：常见的带宾补的动词类型有高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义1.使役动词有：使役动词有：例：例：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.What would you have me do? W

26、hat would you have me do? He made the boy working day and night.He made the boy working day and night.2.感官动词感官动词have, want, make, get, leave,let等。等。see, notice, observe, watch, hear,feel, find 例：例：I saw the child playing basketball when I saw the child playing basketball when I passed the school. I

27、passed the school. I often see him play football.I often see him play football. 3.其他一些动词如：其他一些动词如：consider, regard, advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite 等例：We dont allow such things to happen again.高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义练习一练习一 划分以下句子成分划分以下句子成分He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. Please r

28、emind me to leave her this noteLet him do whatever he wishes to do.I heard someone screaming just now.I feel it an honor to be invited here.比较比较高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义1.He didnt tell me where he was. He told me to stay at home.2.Can you lend me some money? We made him monitor. 3. A friendly waiter taught m

29、e a few words of Italian We call him Lao Li . 结论：结论：双宾语和复合宾语的区别双宾语和复合宾语的区别高三句型讲课讲义高三句型讲课讲义1.从成分上看：在双宾语中，能充当从成分上看：在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词等名词性成分。而在复合词或代词等名词性成分。而在复合宾语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的宾语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多，如名词、形容词、副词、则较多，如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）。分词（短语）。例：例：She showed us a new TV set.双宾语）双宾语）