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1、名人演讲:国会大厦告别演讲道格拉斯麦克阿瑟,美国陆军五星上将,名人演讲:国会大厦告别演讲。出生于阿肯色州小石城的军人世家。1899年中学毕业后考入西点军校,1903年以名列第一的优异成绩毕业,到工程兵部队任职,并赴菲律宾执勤。麦克阿瑟有过50年的军事实践经验,被美国国民称之为“一代老兵”,而其自身的又曾是“美国最年轻的准将、西点军校最年轻的校长、美国陆军历史上最年轻的陆军参谋长”,凭借精妙的军事谋略和敢战敢胜的胆略,麦克阿瑟堪称美国战争史上的奇才。提起这句话:“老兵永远不死,只会慢慢凋零”(oldsoldiersneverdie,thejustfade*),就不由得想起那个叼着玉米棒子烟斗的麦
2、克阿瑟,和他在1951年4月19日被解职后在国会大厦发表的题为老兵不死著名演讲。我即将结束五十二年的军旅生涯。我从军是在本世纪开始之前,而这是我童年的希望与梦想的实现。自从我在西点军校的教练场上宣誓以来,这个世界已经过多次变化,而我的希望与梦想早已消逝,但我仍记着当时最流行的一首军歌词,极为自豪地宣示“老兵永远不死,只会慢慢凋零”。iamlosingm52earsofmilitarservie.henijoinedthearm,evenbeforetheturnoftheentur,itasthefulfillmentofallofmboishhopesanddreams.theorldhas
3、turnedovermantimessineitooktheoathontheplainatestpoint,andthehopesanddreamshavelongsinevanished,butistillremembertherefrainofoneofthemostpopularbarrakballadsofthatdahihprolaimedmostproudlthatoldsoldiersneverdie;thejustfade*.就像这首歌中的老兵,一位想尽一已之责的老兵,而上帝也赐予光辉使他能看清这一项责任,而我现在结束了军旅生涯,而逐渐凋谢。andliketheoldsold
4、ierofthatballad,inolosemmilitarareerandjustfade*,anoldsoldierhotriedtodohisdutasgodgavehimthelighttoseethatdut.演讲全文:m*rthur:fareelladdresstoongressmr.president,mr.speaker,anddistinguishedmembersoftheongress:istandonthisrostrumithasenseofdeephumilitandgreatpride-humilitintheeightofthosegreatamerianar
5、hitetsofourhistorhohavestoodherebeforeme;prideintherefletionthatthishomeoflegislativedebaterepresentshumanlibertinthepurestformetdevised.hereareenteredthehopesandaspirationsandfaithoftheentirehumanrae.idonotstandhereasadvoateforanpartisanause,fortheissuesarefundamentalandreahquitebeondtherealmofpart
6、isanonsideration.themustberesolvedonthehighestplaneofnationalinterestifourourseistoprovesoundandourfutureproteted.itrust,therefore,thatouilldomethejustieofreeivingthathihihavetosaassolelexpressingtheonsideredviepointofafelloamerian.iaddressouithneitherranornorbitternessinthefadingtilightoflife,ithbu
7、tonepurposeinmind:toservemountr.theissuesareglobalandsointerlokedthattoonsidertheproblemsofonesetor,oblivioustothoseofanother,isbuttoourtdisasterforthehole.hileasiaismonlreferredtoasthegateatoeurope,itisnolesstruethateuropeisthegateatoasia,andthebroadinflueneoftheoneannotfailtohaveitsimpatupontheoth
8、er.therearethoseholaimourstrengthisinadequatetoprotetonbothfronts,thateannotdivideoureffort.ianthinkofnogreaterexpressionofdefeatism.ifapotentialenemandividehisstrengthontofronts,itisforustoounterhiseffort.themunistthreatisaglobalone.itssuessfuladvaneinonesetorthreatensthedestrutionofeverothersetor.
9、ouannotappeaseorotherisesurrendertomunisminasiaithoutsimultaneouslunderminingoureffortstohaltitsadvaneineurope.beondpointingoutthesegeneraltruisms,ishallonfinemdisussiontothegeneralareasofasia.beforeonemaobjetivelassessthesituationnoexistingthere,hemustprehendsomethingofasiaspastandtherevolutionarha
10、ngeshihhavemarkedherourseuptothepresent.longexploitedbtheso-alledolonialpoers,ithlittleopportunittoahieveandegreeofsoialjustie,individualdignit,orahigherstandardoflifesuhasguidedouronnobleadministrationinthephilippines,thepeoplesofasiafoundtheiropportunitinthearjustpasttothroofftheshaklesofolonialis
11、mandnoseethedanofneopportunit,aheretoforeunfeltdignit,andtheself-respetofpolitialfreedom.musteringhalfoftheearthspopulation,and60perentofitsnaturalresouresthesepeoplesarerapidlonsolidatinganefore,bothmoralandmaterial,ithhihtoraisethelivingstandardanderetadaptationsofthedesignofmodernprogresstotheiro
12、ndistintulturalenvironments.hetheroneadherestotheoneptofolonizationornot,hissituation,itbeesvitalthatouronountrorientitspoliiesinonso
13、naneiththisbasievolutionaronditionratherthanpursueaourseblindtotherealitthattheolonialeraisnopastandtheasianpeoplesovettherighttoshapetheironfreedestin.hattheseeknoisfriendlguidane,understanding,andsupport-notimperiousdiretion-thedignitofequalitandnottheshameofsubjugation.theirpre-arstandardoflife,p
14、itifulllo,isinfinitelloernointhedevastationleftinarsake.orldideologiesplalittlepartinasianthinkingandarelittleunderstood.hatthepeoplesstriveforistheopportunitforalittlemorefoodintheirstomahs,alittlebetterlothingontheirbaks,alittlefirmerroofovertheirheads,andtherealizationofthenormalnationalisturgefo
15、rpolitialfreedom.thesepolitial-soialonditionshavebutanindiretbearinguponouronnationalseurit,butdoformabakdroptoontemporarplanninghihmustbethoughtfullonsideredifearetoavoidthepitfallsofunrealism.ofmorediretandimmediatelbearinguponournationalseuritarethehangesroughtinthestrategipotentialofthepaifioean
16、intheourseofthepastar.priortheretotheesternstrategifrontieroftheunitedstateslaontheliterallineoftheamerias,ithanexposedislandsalientextendingoutthroughh*ii,mida,andguamtothephilippines.thatsalientprovednotanoutpostofstrengthbutanavenueofeaknessalonghihtheenemouldanddidattak.thepaifiasapotentialareao
17、fadvaneforanpredatorforeintentuponstrikingattheborderinglandareas.allthisashangedbourpaifivitor.ourstrategifrontierthenshiftedtoembraetheentirepaifioean,hihbeameavastmoattoprotetusaslongaseheldit.indeed,itatsasaprotetiveshieldforalloftheameriasandallfreelandsofthepaifioeanarea.eontrolittotheshoresof
18、asiabahainofislandsextendinginanarfromthealeutianstothemariannasheldbusandourfreeallies.fromthisislandhaineandominateithseaandairpoereverasiatiportfromvladivostoktosingapore-ithseaandairpoereverport,asisaid,fromvladivostoktosingapore-andpreventanhostilemovementintothepaifi.anpredatorattakfromasiamus
19、tbeanamphibiouseffort.*noamphibiousforeanbesuessfulithoutontrolofthesealanesandtheairoverthoselanesinitsavenueofadvane.ithnavalandairsupremaandmodestgroundelementstodefendbases,anmajorattakfromontinentalasiatoardusorourfriendsinthepaifiouldbedoomedtofailure.undersuhonditions,thepaifinolongerrepresen
20、tsmenaingavenuesofapproahforaprospetiveinvader.itassumes,instead,thefriendlaspetofapeaefullake.ourlineofdefenseisanaturaloneandanbemaintainedithaminimumofmilitareffortandexpense.itenvisionsnoattakagainstanone,nordoesitprovidethebastionsessentialforoffensiveoperations,butproperlmaintained,ouldbeaninv
21、inibledefenseagainstaggression.theholdingofthisliteraldefenselineintheesternpaifiisentireldependentuponholdingallsegmentsthereof;foranmajorbreahofthatlinebanunfriendlpoerouldrendervulnerabletodeterminedattakeverothermajorsegment.thisisamilitarestimateastohihihaveettofindamilitarleaderhoilltakeexepti
22、on.forthatreason,ihavestronglremendedinthepast,asamatterofmilitarurgen,thatundernoirumstanesmustformosafallundermunistontrol.suhaneventualitouldatonethreatenthefreedomofthephilippinesandthelossofjapanandmightellforeouresternfrontierbaktotheoastofalifornia,oregonandashington.tounderstandthehangeshihn
23、oappearuponthehinesemainland,onemustunderstandthehangesinhineseharaterandultureoverthepast50ears.hina,upto50earsago,aspletelnon-homogenous,beingpartmentedintogroupsdividedagainsteahother.thear-makingtendenasalmostnon-existent,asthestillfolloedthetenetsoftheonfuianidealofpaifistulture.attheturnofthee
24、ntur,undertheregimeofhangtsolin,effortstoardgreaterhomogeneitproduedthestartofanationalisturge.thisasfurtherandmoresuessfulldevelopedundertheleadershipofhiangkai-shek,buthasbeenbroughttoitsgreatestfruitionunderthepresentregimetothepointthatithasnotakenontheharaterofaunitednationalismofinreasingldomi
25、nant,aggressivetendenies.throughthesepast50earsthehinesepeoplehavethusbeemilitarizedintheironeptsandintheirideals.thenoonstituteexellentsoldiers,ithpetentstaffsandmanders.thishasproduedaneanddominantpoerinasia,hih,foritsonpurposes,isalliedithsovietrussiabuthihinitsononeptsandmethodshasbeeaggressivel
26、imperialisti,ithalustforexpansionandinreasedpoernormaltothistpeofimperialism.thereislittleoftheideologialonepteitheroneaoranotherinthehinesemake-up.thestandardoflivingissoloandtheapitalaumulationhasbeensothoroughldissipatedbarthatthemassesaredesperateandeagertofolloanleadershiphihseemstopromisetheal
27、leviationofloalstringenies.ihavefromthebeginningbelievedthatthehinesemunistssupportofthenorthkoreansasthedominantone.theirinterestsare,atpresent,paralleliththoseofthesoviet.butibelievethattheaggressivenessreentldisplaednotonlinkoreabutalsoinindo-hinaandtibetandpointingpotentialltoardthesouthrefletsp
28、redominantlthesamelustfortheexpansionofpoerhihhasanimatedeverould-beonquerorsinethebeginningoftime.thejapanesepeople,sinethear,haveundergonethegreatestreformationreordedinmodernhistor.ithamendableill,eagernesstolearn,andmarkedapaittounderstand,thehave,fromtheashesleftinarsake,eretedinjapananedifiede
29、diatedtothesupremaofindividuallibertandpersonaldignit;andintheensuingproesstherehasbeenreatedatrulrepresentativegovernmentmittedtotheadvaneofpolitialmoralit,freedomofeonomienterprise,andsoialjustie.politiall,eonomiall,andsoialljapanisnoabreastofmanfreenationsoftheearthandillnotagainfailtheuniversaltrust.thatitmabeountedupontoieldaprofoundlbenefiialinflueneovertheourseofeventsinasiaisattestedbthemagnifientmannerinhihthejapanesepeoplehavemetthereenthallengeofar,unrest,andonfusionsurroundingthemfromtheou
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