岩土工程专业词汇教材

1、一. 综合类 geO,blog1. geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2. foundation engineering 基础工程3. soil, earth 土4. soil mechanics 土力学 cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载 viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基 viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量5. soil dynamics 土动力学6. stress path 应力路径7. numerical geotechanics 数值岩

2、土力学二. 土的分类1. residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2. groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3. clay minerals 粘土矿物4. secondary minerals 次生矿物 5.landslides 滑坡6. bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8. boulder 漂石9. cobble 卵石10. gravel 砂石11. gravelly sand 砾砂12. co

3、arse sand 粗砂13. medium sand 中砂14. fine sand 细砂15. silty sand 粉土16. clayey soil 粘性土17. clay 粘土18. silty clay 粉质粘土19. silt 粉土20. sandy silt 砂质粉土21. clayey silt 粘质粉土22. saturated soil 饱和土23. unsaturated soil 非饱和土24. fill (soil) 填土 25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26. normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27. und

4、erconsolidated soil 欠固结土28. zonal soil 区域性土29. soft clay 软粘土30. expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31. peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33. frozen soil 冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质1. cc compression index2. cu undrained shear strength3. cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscri

5、pts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4. cvane cohesive strength from vane test5. e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7. K0 coefficient of -rest at pressure ,for total stresses1 and 28. K0 domain for effective stressescr 1 andcr 29. K0n K0 for normall

6、y consolidated state10. K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11. K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12. kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical dir

7、ections, respectively13. N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15. pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16. p0 effective overburden pressure17. p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18. qu unconfined compressive strength19. U, Um d

8、egree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20. u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21. w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22. c1, c2 principal stresses,c1 and c2 denote

9、effective principal stresses23. Atterberg limits 阿太堡界限24. degree of saturation 饱和度25. dry unit weight 干重度26. moist unit weight 湿重度27. saturated unit weight 饱和重度28. effective unit weight 有效重度29. density 密度30. compact ness 密实度31. maximum dry density 最大干密度32.optimum water content 最优含水量33.three phase di

10、agram 三相图34. tri-phase soil 三相土35. soil fraction 粒组36. sieve analysis 筛分37. hydrometer analysis 比重计分析38. uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数39. coefficient of gradation 级配系数40. fine-grained soil(silty and clayey) 细粒土41. coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy) 粗粒土42. Unified soil classification system 土的统一

11、分类系统43. ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会44. AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials 美国州公路官员协会 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1. Darcy s law 达西定律2. piping 管涌3. flowing soil 流土4. sand boiling 砂沸5. flow

12、net 流网6. seepage 渗透(流)7.1 eakage 渗流8. seepage pressure渗透压力9. permeability 渗透性10. seepage force 渗透力11. hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12. coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1. soft soil 软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩(负)摩阻力3. effective stress 有效应力4. total stress 总应力5. field vane shear

13、 strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7. sensitivity 灵敏度8. triaxial test 三轴试验9. foundation design 基础设计10. recompaction 再压缩11. bearing capacity 承载力12. soil mass 土体13. co ntact stress （pressure）接触应力（压力）14. concentrated load 集中荷载15. a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16. homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18

14、. strip footing 条基19. square spread footing 方形独立基础20. underlying soil （stratum ,strata） 下卧层（土）21. dead load =sustained load 恒载 持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short - term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25. reduced load 折算荷载26. settlement 沉降27. deformation 变形28. casing 套管29. dike=dyke 堤（

15、防）30. clay fraction 粘粒粒组31. physical properties 物理性质32. subgrade 路基33. well-graded soil 级配良好土34. poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35. no rmal stresses 正应力36. shear stresses剪应力37. principal plane 主平面38. major （intermediate, minor） principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力39. Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔 -库仑破坏条件40. FE

16、M=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42. pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43. preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44. modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45. coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数46. compression index 压缩指数47. swelling index 回弹指数48. geostatic stress 自重应力49. additional stress 附加应力5

17、0. total stress 总应力51. final settlement 最终沉降52. slip line 滑动线六 . 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point sys

18、tem 井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七 . 深基础 -deep foundation1. pile foundation 桩基础1）cast - in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩 bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩 piles set i

19、nto rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2）belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier3）precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4）steel pile 钢桩 steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5）prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2. caisson foundation

20、沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall 地下连续墙 截水墙4. friction pile 摩擦桩5. end-bearing pile 端承桩6. shaft 竖井；桩身7. wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8. pile caps 承台（桩帽）9. bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力10.lateral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11. ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile 单

21、桩竖向静荷载试验13. vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap 低桩承台15. high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17. silent piling 静力压桩18. uplift pile 抗拔桩19. anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20. pile groups 群桩21. efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数(n )22. e

22、fficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23. dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24. final set 最后贯入度25. dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26. pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27. pile head=butt 桩头28. pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端(头)29. pile spacing 桩距30. pile plan 桩位布置图31. arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32. group actio

23、n 群桩作用33. end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34. skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35. pile cushion 桩垫36. pile driving(by vibration)(振动)打桩37. pile pulling test 拔桩试验38. pile shoe 桩靴39. pile noise 打桩噪音40. pile rig 打桩机八. 地基处理 -ground treatment1. technical code for ground treatment of building 建筑地基处理技术

24、规范2. cushion 垫层法3. preloading 预压法4. dynamic compaction 强夯法5. dynamic compaction replacement 强夯置换法6. vibroflotation method 振冲法7. sand-gravel pile 砂石桩8. gravel pile(stone column) 碎石桩9. cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10. cement mixing method 水泥土搅拌桩11. cement column 水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)

25、 石灰桩13. jet grouting 高压喷射注浆法14. rammed-cement-soil pile 夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column 灰土挤密桩lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization 化学加固法17. surface compaction 表层压实法18. surcharge preloading 超载预压法19. vacuum preloading 真空预压法20. sand wick 袋装砂井21. geofabric ,ge

26、otextile 土工织物22. composite foundation 复合地基23. reinforcement method 加筋法24. dewatering method 降低地下水固结法25. freezing and heating 冷热处理法26. expansive ground treatment 膨胀土地基处理27. ground treatment in mountain area 山区地基处理28. collapsible loess treatment 湿陷性黄土地基处理29. artificial foundation 人工地基30. natural found

27、ation 天然地基31. pillow 褥垫32. soft clay ground 软土地基33. sand drain 砂井34. root pile 树根桩35. plastic drain 塑料排水带36. replacement ratio (复合地基)置换率九 . 固结 consolidation1. Terzzaghi s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2. Barraon s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3. Biot s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论 4.over consolidation ra

28、tion (OCR) 超固结比 5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6. excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7. multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结 8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结 9.primary consolidation 主固结10. secondary consolidation 次固结11. degree of consolidation 固结度12. consolidation test 固结试验13. consolidation curve 固结曲线

29、14. time factor Tv 时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16. preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17. principle of effective stress18. consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结 十 . 抗剪强度 shear strength1. undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2. residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4. peak strength 峰值强

30、度5. shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6. dilatation 剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔库仑理论10. angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11. cohesion 粘聚力12. failure criterion 破坏准则13. vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined c

31、ompression 无侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16. effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一 . 本构模型 -constitutive model1. elastic model 弹性模型2. nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4. viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5. boundary surface model 边界面模型6. Duncan-Chang mod

32、el 邓肯张模型7. rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8. cap model 盖帽模型9. work softening 加工软化10. work hardening 加工硬化11. Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔库仑屈服准则14. yield surface 屈服面15. elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16. elastic modulus 弹性模量17. Wink

33、ler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二 . 地基承载力 -bearing capacity of foundation soil1. punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2. general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4. state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5. critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6. stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7. ultimate bearing capacity of f

34、oundation soil 地基极限承载力8. allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力 十三 . 土压力 -earth pressure1. active earth pressure 主动土压力2. passive earth pressure 被动土压力3. earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4. Coulomb s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5. Rankine s earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四 . 土坡稳定分析 -slope sta

35、bility analysis1. a ngle of repose 休止角2. Bishop method 毕肖普法3. safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4. Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6. slices method 条分法 十五 . 挡土墙 -retaining wall1. stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2. foundation wall 基础墙3. counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.

36、cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5. cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6. gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7. anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8. anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙 十六 . 板桩结构物 -sheet pile structure1. steel sheet pile 钢板桩2. reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3. steel piles 钢桩4. wooden she

37、et pile 木板桩5. timber piles 木桩七. 深基础 -deep foundation1. pile foundation 桩基础1) cast - in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩 bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2）belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩 u

38、nder-reamed bored pier3）precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4）steel pile 钢桩 steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5）prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2. caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall 地下连续墙 截水墙4. friction pile 摩擦桩5. end-bearing pile 端承桩6. shaft 竖井；桩身7. wave

39、 equation analysis 波动方程分析8. pile caps 承台（桩帽）9. bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力 10.lateral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13. vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap 低桩承台15. high-rise pile c

40、ap 高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17. silent piling 静力压桩18. uplift pile 抗拔桩19. anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20. pile groups 群桩21. efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（n ）22. efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23. dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24. final set 最后贯入度25. dynamic load

41、 test of pile 桩动荷载试验26. pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27. pile head=butt 桩头28. pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29. pile spacing 桩距30. pile plan 桩位布置图31. arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32. group action 群桩作用33. end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34. skin（side） friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35. pile cu

42、shion 桩垫36. pile driving(by vibration) (振动)打桩37. pile pulling test 拔桩试验38. pile shoe 桩靴39. pile noise 打桩噪音40. pile rig 打桩机八 . 地基处理 -ground treatment1. technical code for ground treatment of building 建筑地基处理技术规范2. cushion 垫层法3. preloading 预压法4. dynamic compaction 强夯法5. dynamic compaction replacement 强

43、夯置换法6. vibroflotation method 振冲法7. sand-gravel pile 砂石桩8. gravel pile(stone column) 碎石桩9. cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10. cement mixing method 水泥土搅拌桩11. cement column 水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column) 石灰桩13. jet grouting 高压喷射注浆法14. rammed-cement-soil pile 夯实水泥土桩法 15.lime-soil compaction pile

44、灰土挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column 灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩 16.chemical stabilization 化学加固法17. surface compaction 表层压实法18. surcharge preloading 超载预压法19. vacuum preloading 真空预压法20. sand wick 袋装砂井21. geofabric ,geotextile 土工织物22. composite foundation 复合地基23. reinforcement method 加筋法24. dewatering meth

45、od 降低地下水固结法25. freezing and heating 冷热处理法26. expansive ground treatment 膨胀土地基处理27. ground treatment in mountain area 山区地基处理28. collapsible loess treatment 湿陷性黄土地基处理29. artificial foundation 人工地基30. natural foundation 天然地基31. pillow 褥垫32. soft clay ground 软土地基33. sand drain 砂井34. root pile 树根桩35. pla

46、stic drain 塑料排水带36. replacement ratio (复合地基)置换率九 . 固结 consolidation1. Terzzaghi s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2. Barraon s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3. Biot s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR) 超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6. excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7. multi-dim

47、ensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9. primary consolidation 主固结10. secondary consolidation 次固结11. degree of consolidation 固结度12. consolidation test 固结试验13. consolidation curve 固结曲线14. time factor Tv 时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16. preconsolidation pressure 前期

48、固结压力17. principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18. consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十 . 抗剪强度 shear strength1. undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2. residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4. peak strength 峰值强度5. shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6. dilatation 剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear stre

49、ngth 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔库仑理论10. angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11. cohesion 粘聚力12. failure criterion 破坏准则13. vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16. effective stress st

50、rength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一 . 本构模型 -constitutive model1. elastic model 弹性模型2. nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4. viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5. boundary surface model 边界面模型6. Duncan-Chang model 邓肯张模型7. rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8. cap model 盖帽模型9. work softening 加工软化10. work ha

51、rdening 加工硬化11. Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔库仑屈服准则14. yield surface 屈服面15. elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16. elastic modulus 弹性模量17. Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二 . 地基承载力 -bearing capacity of foundation soil1. punching

52、 shear failure 冲剪破坏2. general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4. state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5. critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6. stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7. ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8. allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三 . 土压力

53、 -earth pressure1. active earth pressure 主动土压力2. passive earth pressure 被动土压力3. earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4. Coulomb s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5. Rankine s earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四 . 土坡稳定分析 -slope stability analysis1. a ngle of repose 休止角2. Bishop method 毕肖普法3. safety factor of slope 边坡

54、稳定安全系数4. Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6. slices method 条分法十五 . 挡土墙 -retaining wall1. stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2. foundation wall 基础墙3. counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4. cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5. cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6. gravity retaining

55、 wall 重力式挡土墙7. anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8. anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六 . 板桩结构物 -sheet pile structure1. steel sheet pile 钢板桩2. reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3. steel piles 钢桩4. wooden sheet pile 木板桩5. timber piles 木桩十七 . 浅基础 -shallow foundation1. box foundation 箱型基础2. mat(raf

56、t) foundation 片筏基础3. strip foundation 条形基础4. spread footing 扩展基础5. compensated foundation 补偿性基础6. bearing stratum 持力层7. rigid foundation 刚性基础8. flexible foundation 柔性基础9. embedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度10. net foundation pressure 基底附加应力11. structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构基础地基共同作用分析十八 . 土的动力性质 -dynamic properties of soils1. dynamic strength of soils 动强度2. wave velocity meth