Unit 2 Cloningppt

1、What animals have been cloned? DollyFirst cloned catFirst cloned muleFirst cloned horseWhat animals have been cloned? What animals have been cloned? Cloned monkeysCloned twin goats Natural clones and man-made clones The history of cloning Controversy about cloning Acceptance and refusal Praise and e

2、ncouragement Revise the Appositive Ability GoalsEmotion Goals Practice expressing and supporting an opinion. 2. Can use the appositive clause correctly. 3. Enable to write a composition about cloning .Can talk about cloning.Important PointsDifficult Points How to describe cloning. Know about the his

3、tory of cloning Help the students analyze the writing techniques of the article.Important and Difficult PointsWhich group is real twins?Warming UpWarming UpAre the following clones the same? If not, what is the difference?NO. The twins are _clones.natural Dolly is an example of _ cloneman-madeQuesti

4、ons: 1.As far as you know, what are the advantages and disadvantages that cloning brings to us?Some fatal diseases can be cured with the application of cloning; the rate of success in organ transplant will be greatly improved; and the infertile couples are hopeful to have their own babies, etc. Howe

5、ver, it may bring confusion and fear to us; it will threaten human society and dignity; and those clones may feel miserable if they are treated as organ donors instead of independent human beings. 2. Should Humans be cloned?Due to the inefficiency of animal cloning and the lack of understanding abou

6、t this technology, Im strongly against it. Not only do most attempts to clone mammals fail, several cloned animals have died prematurely from infections. Moreover, we dont know how cloning could impact mental development, which is crucial for the development of healthy humans. With so many unknowns

7、concerning reproductive cloning, the attempt to clone humans at this time is considered potentially dangerous and ethically irresponsible. 克隆羊多利克隆羊多利 There are different types of cloning, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism.

8、The three types of cloning technologies are: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning. What is cloning ? Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned. Before the creation of Dolly, th

9、e first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic cells. Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technol

10、ogy. What animals have been cloned? Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection on Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. Celebrity Sheep Dolly Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12

11、 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. The unnamed sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died several years prior to her creation. Dolly was a mother to six lambs, bred the old-fashioned way. Celeb

12、rity Sheep Dolly Fast Reading, pay attention:1.Dolly the sheep_. A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg. B. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus. C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it. D. had the characteristics of all three sheep. B2. It can be inferred

13、 from the passage that a cloned animal_.A. usually lives as long as the original oneB. usually lives longer than the original oneC. usually lives shorter than the original oneD. is usually as healthy as the original oneC3. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because_. its easier to clone a shee

14、p than other animals the scientists were determined and worked hard with patienceC. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of moneyD. many other attempts to clone mammals failedB4. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?Cloning can be used for medical purposes. Large quantities of

15、food can be produced by cloning.Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.A. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.Read the text again and answer the following questions.Detailed Reading:How did the world react to the first successfully cloned sheep?The world was amazed by the

16、news at first, then worried about and puzzled over a long list of wild possibilities.2. What are the two broad categories human cloning situations often fall into?One of the situations is that parents want to clone a child who can serve either as a transplant donor or as a substitute for the origina

17、l. The second is that adults want to clone themselves for a variety of reasons.3. According to the author, why are twins more alike than clones? Because clones are only physically identical while twins share the same environment within the mother and are usually raised in the same family.4. Biologic

18、ally speaking, what is the only possible major difference between a clone and the original?The only possible major difference is bearing children, as scientists are not sure if Dolly will be able to have lambs.5. Why do some parents want to save their fatally ill child through cloning?6. Could clone

19、d animals be used as organ donors?Because cloning would increase the chances for a tissue match from 25 percent to nearly 100 percent.If technology was improved, this could be realized.How did Judith Martin suggest referring to ones DNA donors?8. What is the gravest concern about human cloning for s

20、ociety?It might be proper to refer to them as “Most honored sir or madam”.The creation of a new and disrespected social class: the clones.1.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. 它是一种精确复制另一个动物或植物它是一种精确复制另一个动物或植物的方式。的方式。 Here a way of means a manner of 一种一种的方式。的方式。 2. Dollys

21、 appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. In this sentence, raise means lead. 全句意思是：多利的出现引起一场反全句意思是：多利的出现引起一场反对风暴，并且对媒体和公众思想产生了很对风暴，并且对媒体和公众思想产生了很大的冲击。大的冲击。 3. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where i

22、t is leading us. “whether cloning will help or harm us”, “where it is leading us” is the objects of the word “wonder” . 全句意思是：科学家一直致力于研究全句意思是：科学家一直致力于研究克隆到底会有助于我们还是会伤害我们，克隆到底会有助于我们还是会伤害我们，它们将我们引向何方。它们将我们引向何方。 1.implication n. (1)sth. that is suggested or sth. that is not openly stated 含义，暗示含义，暗示 He

23、smiled, but the implication was that he didnt believe me. 他微微一笑他微微一笑,但这一笑暗示着他不相但这一笑暗示着他不相信我的话。信我的话。(2) involving or being involved, esp. in a crime 牵连，卷入牵连，卷入The implication of the general manager in the criminal case further complicated the whole situation. 总经理卷入这件刑事诉讼案使整个形总经理卷入这件刑事诉讼案使整个形势进一步复杂化了。

24、势进一步复杂化了。fobid, esp. by law or rule; prevent; make impossible 禁止，使不可能，阻止禁止，使不可能，阻止Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials. 在处理易爆物时在处理易爆物时, 严格禁止吸烟。严格禁止吸烟。The loudness of the music prohibits serious conversation in most nightclubs. 大多数夜总会里音乐声很响，没法进大多数夜总会里音乐声很响，没法进

25、行严肃的谈话。行严肃的谈话。2. prohibit vt. 3. mount vi./vt. vi. increase gradually esp. in a way that makes a situation worse 增加，上升增加，上升Four days after the accident, the death toll continued to mount. 事故发生的四天之后，死亡人数事故发生的四天之后，死亡人数在继续上升。在继续上升。I really feel sorry for the old lady when I find she can mount the stair

26、s only with difficulty. 当我发现这位老妇人上楼梯十分艰难时当我发现这位老妇人上楼梯十分艰难时感到十分难过。感到十分难过。vt. 1). go up or on to 登上登上vt. 2. prepare and produce, organize 准备并进行，组织准备并进行，组织The united opponent parties are getting ready to mount a powerful attack on the government. 联合起来的反对党正准备向政府发联合起来的反对党正准备向政府发动有力的攻势。动有力的攻势。4. resemble

27、vt. look or be like; be similar, esp. in appearance to (sb./sth.) 像，类似像，类似 She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks. 她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。 We have produced a cloth made of pineapple fiber, closely resembling cotton but stronger. 我们生产出了一块由菠萝纤维制成的衣我们生产出了一块由菠萝纤维制成

28、的衣料，很像棉布但质地更结实。料，很像棉布但质地更结实。5. minor a./n.(1) smaller or lesser in degree, size,numbers or importance when compared with others 较小的，较少的；低级的，次要的较小的，较少的；低级的，次要的 The important thing is to finish it quickly; cost is only a relatively minor consideration. 重要的是尽快完成，相对而言，费用是重要的是尽快完成，相对而言，费用是次要考虑的事。次要考虑的事。(

29、2) a person who is below the age at which he or she becomes an adult legally 未成年人未成年人 In Britain you are a minor until you are eighteen. 在英国，你不满十八岁就是未成年人。在英国，你不满十八岁就是未成年人。6. fatal a. very serious and having an important bad effect in the future or (of illness, accidents, etc.) causing death 决定命运的，致命

30、的决定命运的，致命的 Global warming is fatal to the world and therefore scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. 全球变暖对于世界的影响是灾难性的，全球变暖对于世界的影响是灾难性的，因此科学家们不断呼吁我们要警惕日益严重因此科学家们不断呼吁我们要警惕日益严重的全球变暖的危险。的全球变暖的危险。 7. deliberate a./vi./vt. (1) planned故意的，蓄意的故意的，蓄意的 H

31、e is the very witness who testifies under oath that the fire which had broken out in the company was deliberate. 他就是那个证人，他发誓证明公司发生他就是那个证人，他发誓证明公司发生的火灾是有人蓄意放的。的火灾是有人蓄意放的。 (2) moving, acting, or thinking slowly and usu. carefully 谨慎的，慎重的谨慎的，慎重的 When confronted with such a delicate situation, you are s

32、upposed to take deliberate actions. 面临如此微妙的局面，你应该采取谨慎面临如此微妙的局面，你应该采取谨慎的行动。的行动。vt./vi. think or talk seriously and carefully about 认真考虑，研讨认真考虑，研讨The senate has been deliberating the question for three days. 三天来参议院一直在仔细斟酌这个问三天来参议院一直在仔细斟酌这个问题。题。They met to deliberate on possible solutions to the proble

33、m. 他们开会仔细研讨解决问题的办法。他们开会仔细研讨解决问题的办法。8. classify vt. divide things into groups according to type 分类，归类分类，归类 The books in the library are classified by/according to subject. 图书馆里的书籍是按题材分类的。图书馆里的书籍是按题材分类的。 Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? 你认为她的小说属于你认为她的小说属于“严

34、肃文学严肃文学”类，还类，还是是“纯娱乐纯娱乐”类？类？9. word that/of 关于关于的消息的消息 关于食品价格即将大幅上涨的消息在街关于食品价格即将大幅上涨的消息在街上传得很快。上传得很快。Word that there would be great increase in food prices has been spread fast on the streets.10. succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事成功地做了某事 如果他们成功地达成了停火协议，联合如果他们成功地达成了停火协议，联合国将派驻维和部队。国将派驻维和部队。 If they succee

35、d in establishing a cease-fire, the UN will send in peace-keeping forces.11. draft guidelines for 为为起草指导方针起草指导方针 She was busy drafting her speech for next months speech contest. 她正忙着为下月的演讲比赛起草演讲她正忙着为下月的演讲比赛起草演讲稿。稿。12. fall into 可分成；属于可分成；属于 Things of a kind come together; people of a mind fall into

36、a group. 物以类聚，人以群分。物以类聚，人以群分。12. in theory 在理论上在理论上 你的计划理论上听起来不错，但我不知你的计划理论上听起来不错，但我不知道实际上是否行得通。道实际上是否行得通。Your plan sounds fine in theory, but I dont know if it will work in practice.13. be identical to / with 与与一模一样；就等于一模一样；就等于 他的意见似乎和我的一样，这真的是他的意见似乎和我的一样，这真的是我没有料想到的。我没有料想到的。It seems that his opini

37、on is identical to mine, which is really out of my expectation. 14. in terms of 从从方面（来说）；方面（来说）； 根据；按照根据；按照 令我大为吃惊的是，现在他考虑任何事情令我大为吃惊的是，现在他考虑任何事情 都从金钱的角度出发。都从金钱的角度出发。To my great surprise, he thinks of everything in terms of money now.15. be concerned about / over 担心，担忧担心，担忧 作为成年人，我们应该关注非洲儿童的作为成年人，我们应

38、该关注非洲儿童的健康成长问题。健康成长问题。As adults, we should be deeply concerned about the healthy growth of the children in Africa.16. be comparable / similar to 可与可与相比；类似于相比；类似于 在一些人眼里，爱情就像是个迷宫，在一些人眼里，爱情就像是个迷宫，充满了诱惑和陷阱。充满了诱惑和陷阱。In the eyes of some people, love is comparable to a maze, full of lures and traps.17. Ty

39、pical patterns for advancing ones arguments 原句原句: If cloned animals could be used as organ donors, we wouldnt have to worry about cloning twins for transplants. (L. 48) 如果把克隆的动物用作如果把克隆的动物用作器官捐赠，器官捐赠，那我那我们就不必考虑们就不必考虑为器官移植而克隆双胞胎了。为器官移植而克隆双胞胎了。If sb. / sth. could be / do sth., we wouldnt have to worry

40、about (doing) sth. else. 假如某人假如某人 / 某物可能是某物可能是 / 做某事，我们不必做某事，我们不必担心担心 句型提炼句型提炼18. Typical patterns for comparison and contrast 原句原句:Like the Theory of Relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dollys appearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, p

41、oliticians, and philosophers. (L. 11) 就像相对论就像相对论、原子裂变和第一次太空飞、原子裂变和第一次太空飞行一样，行一样，多莉的出现给多莉的出现给科学家、政治家和哲科学家、政治家和哲学家们学家们提出了提出了一长串难以解答的问题。一长串难以解答的问题。 Like sth. else, the appearance / arrival / birth / invention of sth. new generates / produces / makes 像某些事像某些事/ 物一样，某物一样，某事事 / 物的出现物的出现/ 诞生诞生 / 发明产生发明产生 /

42、带来了带来了 应用：就像历史上的任何一场战争一应用：就像历史上的任何一场战争一样，伊拉克战争给世界带来了一长串的战样，伊拉克战争给世界带来了一长串的战 后难题。后难题。Like any other wars in history, the Iraq war has generated a long list of difficult postwar problems for the world.句型提炼句型提炼:1. 四会词汇四会词汇strawberry，differ，exact，straightforward，breakthrough，disturbing，cast，altogether，o

43、bjection，media，moral，ceiling，shortly，retire，assumption，merely，decoration，zebra，aloud2. 认读词汇认读词汇identical，nucleus，gene，somatic，embryo，fate，impact，extinct，popularity，Jurassic，bison，calf，DNA，habitat，restore，Auroch，Great Auk，Quagga3重点词汇重点词汇clone， commercial， producer， undertake， arbitrary，object ，forbid

44、， accumulate bother， regulation， resist， unable， argument ，reasonable， obtaindifferentexactcommercialreasonabledifferenceexactnesscommercialreasonability形容词形容词名词名词undertakecastforbidstrikeundertookcastforbadstruckundertakencastforbiddenstruck过去式过去式过去分词过去分词cast down，object to，the media，in favour of，（

45、，（be）bound to（do）, from time to time, bring back to life, pay offAppositive clause that 可引导同位语从句可引导同位语从句 1.They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。他们为你生病发愁。2.I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。我得到的信息说她可能晚到。3.The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow i

46、s not true. 明天放假的消息不实。明天放假的消息不实。同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词 1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引引导同位语从句。（即导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）只起连接作用） 例：例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析：析：the soldiers should cross the river at once

47、是是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用因此应用that引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句。 同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先定语从句说明先行词的性质与

48、特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。 区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词一个系动词be,be,使之构成一个新句子，如果使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。反之，则为定语从句。 The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的传闻是假的。他将辞职的传闻是假的。 因为因为the report was that

49、he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。是同位语从句。例例1：Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 析：答案为析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是是Informa

50、tion的内容，且的内容，且Information不在不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：应将该句区别于：It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. A. what B. that C. when D. as 析：答案为析：答案为B。that has been put forward为为information的修饰性定语，且的修饰

51、性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。定语从句。 Expressing and supporting an opinionIm happy to accept . But.I would never accept.Im not bothered about.I dont mind but.I hope youll carry on.Are you sure you want to.I agree with you that.Is it fair to.?Do you think it is wise to.?I think you sho

52、uld.Well done to you for.I dont understand why you dont.I cant help thinking.I could never agree to. Sample writing：Yesterday there was a very exciting debate at Xinjiang Middle School about whether medical cloning should be allowed or not. After a lively discussion a vote was taken and the side arg

53、uing for medical cloning won. The arguments for medical cloning were very strongly put by the team supporting the motion.They argued mat serious illnesses and people who were using their ability to move or think could be helped by medical cloning. They explained that the procedures would be safe, qu

54、ick and with no problems for the patients. They showed that 67of the people in America supported it. Their arguments were very convincing. The arguments put by the team opposing medical cloning were less strong. They argued in two ways. Their first reason was that the procedures were not yetsecure.

55、Their second reason was that it took many tries and many potential animals had to be killed to produce one useable embryo for research. They explained that more than twenty European countries do not allow medical cloning research because of this. They quoted Pope John Paul II. But their arguments were not so convincing. At the end of the debate, the audience were left with a feeling of hope. They realized that dis