高级英语-The-Sad-Young-Men-PPT课件

1、2021/7/241 Advanced English Lesson ten The Sad Young Men Ben2021/7/242Unit 10 The Sad Young Men The Sad Young Men by Rod W. Horton & Herbert W. Edwards by Rod W. Horton & Herbert W. Edwards 2021/7/243Teaching PointsI. Background knowledgeII. Introduction to the passageIII. Text AnalysisIV. Rhetorica

2、l devicesV. Questions2021/7/2442021/7/245I. Background KnowledgeA. The Author -Rod W.Horton (1910-) Born in White Plains N.Y. Instructor, New York University,(1937-45) Assistant professor (1945-49) Associate professor (1949-57) Cultural affairs officer (1957-64) Professor, Colorado University (1964-

3、) Visiting professor, University of Brazil (1954-(1954-56)56) Visiting professor, University of Coimbra (1961-(1961-64)64) Publications: Backgrounds of American Literary Thought (1952) Backgrounds of European Literature (1954)2021/7/246I. Background Knowledge B. Some terms: -The Sad Young Men -The L

4、ost Generation -The Beat Generation -The Angry Young Men 2021/7/247 The Sad Young Men and The Lost Generation refer to the same group of people. The former was created by F. Scott Fitzgerald; the latter, by Gertrude Stein. They were applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the yea

5、rs following the First World War, who rebelled against former ideals and values, but could replace them only by despair or cynical hedonism. After WWII appeared The Beat Generation in US. It was applied to certain American artists and writers who were popular during the 1950s. During the 1960s “beat

6、” ideas and attitudes were absorbed by other cultural movements, and those who practiced the “beat” life style were called “hippies”. At this time there appeared in England a group called The Angry Young Men. This term was applied to a group of English writers of the 1950s whose heroes shared certai

7、n rebellious and critical attitudes towards society.2021/7/248I. Background KnowledgeC. Other literary figures: -Gertrude Stein -E. Hemingway 2021/7/2491. Gertrude Stein (1874-1946)1. Gertrude Stein (1874-1946) American author and patron of the arts. American author and patron of the arts. A celebra

8、ted personality, she encouraged, aided, A celebrated personality, she encouraged, aided, and influencedthrough her patronage as well as and influencedthrough her patronage as well as through her writingmany literary and artistic through her writingmany literary and artistic figures. figures. The fif

9、th and youngest child of the Daniel and The fifth and youngest child of the Daniel and Amelia Stein family, Gertrude was born on February 3, Amelia Stein family, Gertrude was born on February 3, 1874 into upper middle class surroundings in Allegheny, 1874 into upper middle class surroundings in Alle

10、gheny, Pennsylvania. In 1902 she went abroad and from 1903 Pennsylvania. In 1902 she went abroad and from 1903 until her death lived chiefly in Paris. until her death lived chiefly in Paris. When she was 3 years old the family moved to When she was 3 years old the family moved to Vienna and then on

11、to Paris before returning to Vienna and then on to Paris before returning to America in late 1878. America in late 1878. So I was five years old when we came back to So I was five years old when we came back to America having known Austrian German and French French, America having known Austrian Ger

12、man and French French, and now American English, a nice world if there is and now American English, a nice world if there is enough of it, and more or less there always is.enough of it, and more or less there always is. 2021/7/24102021/7/2411 Her father moved the family to Oakland, Her father moved

13、the family to Oakland, California soon after their return. Her brother California soon after their return. Her brother Leo, 2 years her senior, and Gertrude found like Leo, 2 years her senior, and Gertrude found like interests and became close allies through much of interests and became close allies

14、 through much of their early lives. Gertrude was 8 when she made their early lives. Gertrude was 8 when she made her first attempt at writing. her first attempt at writing. Reading became an obsession for her Reading became an obsession for her beginning with Shakespeare and books on natural beginni

15、ng with Shakespeare and books on natural history. Gertrudes love affair with words would history. Gertrudes love affair with words would later reveal itself in her own works. In school later reveal itself in her own works. In school she was fascinated with the structuring of she was fascinated with

16、the structuring of sentences. sentences. I suppose other things may be more I suppose other things may be more exciting to others.I like the feeling the exciting to others.I like the feeling the everlasting feeling of sentences as they diagram everlasting feeling of sentences as they diagram themsel

17、ves.themselves. 2021/7/2412 In 1891 her father died suddenly, and the In 1891 her father died suddenly, and the oldest brother Michael assumed the position of earning oldest brother Michael assumed the position of earning a living for the family. The Steins moved to San a living for the family. The

18、Steins moved to San Francisco where Gertrude became intrigued by the Francisco where Gertrude became intrigued by the theater and opera.a passion she would continue after theater and opera.a passion she would continue after she moved to Baltimore in 1892 to live with a wealthy she moved to Baltimore

19、 in 1892 to live with a wealthy aunt. aunt. .how strange it was for me coming from a .how strange it was for me coming from a rather desperate inner life I had been living for the rather desperate inner life I had been living for the last few years to a cheerful life of all aunts and last few years

20、to a cheerful life of all aunts and uncles.uncles. Gertrude entered Radcliffe College in 1893. As Gertrude entered Radcliffe College in 1893. As a student she developed a special philosophical a student she developed a special philosophical relationship with her teacher, William James. James relatio

21、nship with her teacher, William James. James told her, I hope you will pardon me if you recognize told her, I hope you will pardon me if you recognize some features of my ideal student as your own. some features of my ideal student as your own. 2021/7/2413 On a particularly nice spring day during On

22、 a particularly nice spring day during final exams in James course she wrote at the top final exams in James course she wrote at the top of her paper. of her paper. Dear Professor James, I am sorry but Dear Professor James, I am sorry but really I do not feel a bit like an examination really I do no

23、t feel a bit like an examination paper in philosophy today.paper in philosophy today. The next day she received a postcard from The next day she received a postcard from James saying, I understand perfectly how you feel James saying, I understand perfectly how you feel I often feel like that myself.

24、 and then gave her I often feel like that myself. and then gave her the highest mark in his course. the highest mark in his course. With philosophy and psychology courses With philosophy and psychology courses behind her, Gertrude decided on a career in behind her, Gertrude decided on a career in me

25、dicine and enrolled at Johns Hopkins University. medicine and enrolled at Johns Hopkins University. She later studied medicine in Europe and She later studied medicine in Europe and eventually dismissed the whole idea. Wanderlust eventually dismissed the whole idea. Wanderlust had captured her atten

26、tion as she traveled through had captured her attention as she traveled through Italy, Germany, and England.living for awhile Italy, Germany, and England.living for awhile with brother Leo in London. with brother Leo in London. 2021/7/2414 She returned to America to live with friends She returned to

27、 America to live with friends in New York. It was here that she wrote her first in New York. It was here that she wrote her first novel Q.E.D. It would, for some reason, be lost novel Q.E.D. It would, for some reason, be lost for 30 years and not be published until 4 years for 30 years and not be pu

28、blished until 4 years after her death under the title of Things As They after her death under the title of Things As They Are. Are. Leo Stein moved to Paris and took up Leo Stein moved to Paris and took up residence at 27 Rue de Fleurus. Gertrude joined residence at 27 Rue de Fleurus. Gertrude joine

29、d him in 1904, and would not touch foot upon him in 1904, and would not touch foot upon American soil again for 30 years. soon becoming American soil again for 30 years. soon becoming a legend in her own time. a legend in her own time. Steins best known works are: Steins best known works are: Three

30、Lives (1909), The Making of Americans (1925), Autobiography of Alive B. Toklas (1933).2021/7/24152. Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) American novelist and short story writer, one of the great American writers of the 20th century. 2021/7/2416 His fiction focuses on people living essentia

31、l, dangerous lives soldiers, fishermen, athletes, bullfighters who meet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage. His celebrated literary style, influenced by Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein, is direct, terse and often monotonous, yet particularly suited to his elemental subject m

32、atter. 2021/7/2417 During World War I he served as an ambulance driver in France and in the Italian infantry and was wounded just before his 19th birthday. Later, while working in Paris as correspondent for the Toronto Star, he became involved with the expatriate circle surrounding Gertrude Stein. W

33、ith the publication of The Sun Also Rises (1926), he was recognized as the spokesman of the “lost generation”.2021/7/2418 During the Spainish Civil War, Hemingway served as a correspondent on the loyalist side; from this experience came his great novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Hemingway foug

34、ht in World War II and then settled in Cuba in 1945. His novelette The Old Man and the Sea (1952) celebrates the indomitable courage of an aged Cuban fisherman.2021/7/2419 In 1954, Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. Owing to ill health and diminishing mental faculties, in July 1961

35、, he commmitted suicide by shooting himself.2021/7/2420II. Words and Expressions 1. romanticize1. romanticize(L2, P1) vt.使浪漫化, 使传奇化 romantically adv.浪漫地 romanticism n.浪漫精神, 浪漫主义 romanticist n.浪漫主义者 romanza n.浪漫曲, 叙事短诗, 抒情短诗2021/7/2421Words and expressions2. speakeasy2. speakeasy (L7, P1) - a place w

36、here alcoholic drinks are sold illegally during Prohibition.3. Puritan morality3. Puritan morality (L7, P1) - extreme or excessive strictness in matters of morals. Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling and participation in theatrical performances as punishable offences.4. flask-toting(L10

37、, P1) 4. flask-toting(L10, P1) - adj. always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor. 2021/7/2422Words and expressions5. sheik 5. sheik (L10, P1) - a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted6. flapper6. flapper(L11, P1) - (colloq.) a young woman

38、considered bold and unconventional in actions and dress.7. drugstore cowboy 7. drugstore cowboy (L11, P1) - a western movie extra who loafs in front of drugstores between pictures2021/7/2423Words and expressions8. Victorian8. Victorian(L1, P3) - showing the middle-class respectability, prudery, bigo

39、try, etc. generally attributed to Victorian England over which Queen Victoria ruled (1837-1901)9. Bohemian 9. Bohemian (L5, P4) - a person, especially an artist, poet, etc. who lives in an unconventional, nonconforming way2021/7/2424Words and expressions10. Prohibition10. Prohibition(L12, P4) - the

40、forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes (the period of 1920-1933), the prohibition by Federal law.11. jingoism11. jingoism(L7, P5) n.主战论, 武力外交政策,沙文主义,侵略主义 jingoist n.沙文主义者, 侵略主义者 jingo n.沙文主义者2021/7/2425Words and expressions12. soap o

41、pera12. soap opera (L15, P5) - a daytime radio or television serial drama of a highly melodramatic, sentimental nature. It has been so called since many original sponsors were soap companies.13. Greenwich Village13. Greenwich Village(L1, P7) - section of New York City, on the lower west side of Manh

42、attan; noted as a center for artists, writers, etc.14. Babbittry14. Babbittry(L9, P7) - (after George Babbitt, title character of a satirical novel by Sinclair Lewis) a smugly conventional person interested chiefly in business and social success and indifferent to cultural values. n. 市侩作风、庸俗之人 Phili

43、stine n. (中东古国)腓力斯人, 仇敌, 俗气的人; adj. 俗气的, 无教养的2021/7/2426Words and expressions15. fast15. fast(L7, P8) - adj. living in a reckless, wild, dissipated way16. boobery 16. boobery (L12, P9) - same as Babbittry, smug, self-satisfied, conformist in cultural matters n. 愚人之统称, 愚笨; booby: n. 呆子, 傻瓜17. keep up

44、 with the Joneses17. keep up with the Joneses (L22, P9) - strive to get all the material things ones neighbors or associates have.2021/7/2427III. Introduction to the TextIII. Introduction to the Text1. 1. Type of literature Type of literature a piece of expositive writing 2.2. Main ideaMain idea exp

45、laining a period in American history; it focuses on attitudes, revolt of the young peopledisappointed and disillusioned writers and artists, back from World War I (1914-1918), once lived abroad as expatriates, later returned voluntarily. They were called Lost Generation because they were critical an

46、d rebellious. However, they never lost because they were creative and productive. 2021/7/24283. 3. The themeThe theme “ The intellectuals of the twenties, the sad young men, cursed their luck but didnt die; escaped but voluntarily returned; flayed the Babbitts but loved their country, and in so doin

47、g gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating writing in literary experience.”4. Clear and simple structural organization 4. Clear and simple structural organization - P. 1 : introducing the subject - P. 2-9: supporting and developing the thesis - P. 10-11: bringing the discussion to a

48、n end 2021/7/2429IV. Text AnalysisIV. Text Analysis1. Identifying and understanding Americanisms in this essay -speakeasy -sheik -flask-toting -drugstore cowboy -flapper -Babbittry -soap opera -fast -boobery2021/7/24302. Effective Writing Skills 1). Effective use of topic sentences 2). Developing a

49、new but related aspect of the thought stated in the thesis in each paragraph or paragraph unit. 3. Rhetorical Devices 1). metaphor 2). personification 3). metonymy 4). transferred epithet 2021/7/24314. Special Difficulties 1). Prefixes “-un” and “-in” (-im, -il, -ir) bearing a negative meaning 2). P

50、araphrasing some sentences 3). Identifying figures of speech 2021/7/2432V. Detailed Study of the TextPart IPart IParagraph 1Paragraph 1Sentence 1: sensationally romanticized: (This so-called problem) was treated in a passionate, idealized manner to shock thrill and rouse the interest of people.parap

51、hrase: After World War I, during the 1920s, every aspect of life in U. S. was commented upon, but people comment upon the Rebellion of the Younger Generation more than all the other aspects. People treated it very romantically and sensationally.2021/7/2433Sentence 2: 1).The slightest mentionby the y

52、oung:middle aged: Middleaged people lived through the Twenties so they can recall what life was like then.the young: The young people have only heard about all this and were very curious about the lives of young people of another generation.nostalgic, curious: Both are transferred epithets. They rea

53、lly modify “the middle-aged” and “the young” respectively.paraphrase: At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly and young people become curious and start asking all kinds of questions.2021/7/24342). memories of country road: These are the recol

54、lections of the nostalgic middle-aged. deliciously illicit thrill: A visit to a speakeasy, a very enjoyable and exciting action, was prohibited because these places sold alcoholic drinks illegally. Puritan morality: excessive strictness in matters of morals. Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, g

55、ambling and participation in theatrical performances as punishable offences. fashionable experimentations in amour: trying out new ways of lovemaking as everyone was doing at that timeparked sedan: in a sedan car parked on lonely country roads2021/7/24353). questions aboutdrugstore cowboy: Some of t

56、he questions asked by curious young people. naughty: mildly indecent jazzy: (a party) playing jazz music sheik: a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attractedmoral and stylistic vagaries: odd and eccentric dress and conductflapper: in the 1920s, a young woman considered bold

57、 and unconventional in action and dressdrugstore cowboy: a western movie extra who loafs in front of drugstores between pictures2021/7/2436Sentence 5: The answers to suchjazz-mad youth. 1). The answers to such “ yes” and “no”: paraphrase: People cannot give a simple “yes” or “no” answer to such ques

58、tions. They should be answered with both “yes” and “no” because of necessity. 2). “yes”Problem:paraphrase: During the process when children grow up to become adults, there always exists a Younger Generation Problem. In this sense the answer must be “yes”.2021/7/24373). “no” jazzmad youth:see in pers

59、pective: to view or judge things or events in a way that show their true relations to one another.degeneration: moral corruption, depravityjazzmad: blindly and foolishly fond of jazz musicparaphrase: When looking back now to those days and view things in their true relations to one another, we see t

60、hat the social behavior of the young people was not very wild, irresponsible, and immoral. Their behavior was far from being as sensational as the degeneration of jazzmad youth. Therefore, in this sense, the answer must be “no”. 2021/7/2438Paragraph 2Paragraph 2Sentence 1: paraphrase: In fact, the r