第一节 形容词和副词辨析

1、专题七形容词和副词第一节形容词和副词辨析,遵义中考五年命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)2.副词(包括比较级和最高级)考查点年份题号选项设置分值形容词词义辨析201641serious and boring/gentle_and_wise/meaningless and scary1.5分76differentdifferent1分82nationnational1分85growgrowing1分201527fifteen years old/fifteenyearold/fifteenyearsold1分79proudproud1分201485lucklucky1分86t

2、allertall1分201341hungry/thirsty/full1.5分43five days/fourth_day/fourday1.5分46the other/another/other1.5分48sweet/bitter/terrible1.5分84relaxrelaxed1分89botheither1分90personpersonal1分201282southsouthern1.5分86excitingexcited1分副词词义辨析201642early/slowly/easily1.5分80wellwell1分87some timessometimes1分201526How/

3、which/why1分88suchso1分201422do something to/only/do nothing besides1分31How soon/How long/How_far1分201248no_longer/always/extremely1.5分81successsuccessfully1.5分89soneither1分90How longHow_soon1分形容词、副词混合辨析201626happy/happiness/happily1分201539friendly/lovely/quickly1.5分201349What/How/Why1.5分201227good/we

4、ll/better1分46unusual/usually/usual1.5分形容词、副词转换201583completecompletely1分201479heavyheavily1分201385happyunhappily1分遵义中考单项选择及完形填空对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对词义辨析及比较等级的考查上。对词义辨析的考查侧重形容词词义的辨析，且侧重在语境中的应用。对形容词与副词混合辨析设置的选项为简单句，考查主要集中在对词义辨析及同根的形容词和副词。如：what，how，why；friendly，lovely，quickly；unusually，usually，usual等。语篇填空、

5、单词拼写及改错题偏向词性转换和比较等级的考查。预计2017年遵义中考的单项选择必定考查12道形容词或副词词义辨析或比较等级。完形填空也会涉及一道形容词或副词词义辨析。语篇填空、单词拼写及改错题主要涉及词性的转换及比较等级的考查。学生必须注意区分同根形容词与其ly结尾词的意义区别，如：true与truly；heavy与heavily。同时也要注意名词，副词与形容词或副词的转换规律。,遵义中考重难点突破【满分点拨】一、形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sist

6、er.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。She has something special to give you.她有特殊的东西给你。注意：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。2作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。3作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。4某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化，如the same，different，sou

7、thern，northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。二、副词的作用、构成、分类和位置1副词的作用副词是表示行为特征或性状特征的词。主要以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：Sometimes were very busy.有时我们非常忙。2副词的构成构成例词与形容词同形。low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，well，enough，long，high形容词后直接加ly。sadsadly；politep

8、olitely续表构成例词辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加ly。happyhappily；angryangrily；busybusily辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y。simplesimply；terribleterribly；gentlegently少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加ly。truetruly；dueduly注意：有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加ly，意义有区别。常见的有：closeadj./adv.靠近closelya

9、dv.密切地highadj./adv.高highlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免费freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚；迟latelyadv.近来deepadj./adv.深deeplyadv.深刻/深入地nearadj./adv.邻近nearlyadv.几乎；将近hardadj./adv.努力地hardlyadv.几乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.宽阔widelyadv.广泛地3.副词的分类和位置分类位置例词时间副词一般放在句尾。now现在；then那时；today今天；tomorrow明天；yesterda

10、y昨天；before；前面ago 之前；soon很快；once曾经；以前频度副词行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后。twice两次；daily天天；常常；weekly每周；每周一次；always总是；经常usually经常；often经常；常常；sometimes有时；ever曾经；never从来不续表分类位置例词地点副词一般放在句尾。here这儿；there那儿；upstairs楼上；downstairs楼下；above上边；behind后边；everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方方式副词放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前。well好地；badly劣质地；fast快速

11、地；hard难地；努力地；happily快乐地；loudly大声地；luckily幸运地；politely礼貌地；really真正地；safely安全地程度副词被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后。enough修饰形容词或副词时须后置。quite相当；完全；十分；rather相当；颇；有点；very非常；much许多；a lot许多；a little一点；一些；a bit少量；enough足够；hardly几乎不；almost大多数疑问副词通常置于句首。疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。关系副词用来

12、引导宾语从句。有when，where，why，how等，关系副词常用来引导从句。三、形容词、副词辨析1形容词词义辨析近几年遵义中考对形容词词义辨析的考查为必考点。2副词词义辨析遵义中考近5年单项选择中并没有考查副词词义辨析，但是完形填空中会涉及一道副词词义辨析的试题，且偏向频度副词的考查。3形容词副词混合辨析遵义中考中有很多形容词和副词形式相近的词。此类混合考法是遵义中考试题的亮点。下面将这部分最常见的形容词与副词加以归纳。(1)Its easy for me to finish this task.I can finish this task easily我完成这项任务很容易。(2)He w

13、alked up the path slowlySlowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。(不能使用slow)(3)The book is so clear that I can easily understand it.这本书很清晰，我很容易理解。(不使用clearly)(4)Tom thinks that it is hard to learn English well.汤姆认为学好英语很难。He can hardly speak English，can he？他不太会说英语，对吧？(5)You mostly need to listen and rea

14、d.你主要需要听和阅读。(不能用形容词most)(6)You spend nearly half of your life on your job.你将几乎半生投入到你的工作中。(不能用形容词near)(7)Be quick，or we will be late.快点，要不然我们就迟到了。(不用副词quickly)(8)The money can be used usefully to help him.这笔钱用来帮助他会非常有价值。(不能用useful)(9)The whole project was badly managed.整个项目管理不善。(不能用形容词bad来修饰动词manage)

15、(10)Lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.李莉如此小心以至于她的作文中没有任何错误。(be动词之后不能用副词carefully)【考点抢测】一、单项选择。( B )1.(2016威海中考)Grandma is rather deaf，so you must speak clearly and _ to her.AquietlyBloudlyCnoisily( C )2.There are a lot of people talking and laughing in the room and its v

16、ery _Aquiet Bsoft Cnoisy( B )3.In a green school everyone agrees to be _ about the environment.Anervous Bcareful Chonest( C )4.(2015滨州中考改编)Teenagers should be encouraged to go _ and be close to nature.Ainside Bback Coutside( B )5.How do you feel when you watch national flag going up?It makes me feel

17、 _Aproudly Bproud Chappy( A )6.My old neighbor Charles felt _ after his children moved out.Alonely Bsafely Cangrily( B )7.My friend Frank sings well，and he is _ good at playing the guitar.Anot Balso Cyet( C )8.Helen was so excited at the news that she could _ say a word.Aever Balmost Chardly( A )9.I fell off the bike on my way to school._，I wasnt hurt.ALuckily BSuddenly CPolitely( A )10.The fish tastes _，we have eaten it up.It is certain that she cooked it _.Agood；well Bwell；good Cwell；well二、单词拼写。11We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so _quickly_(quick)12My uncle lost his ID