副词和副词词组

1、第十二讲 副词及副词词组概述：副词是一种用来修饰动词，形容词，全句的词。说明时间，地点，程度，方式等概念的词。在句中用作状语、表语、补语等成分。重点：副词的用法难点：副词在句中的位置内容：一、副词分类副词和形容词一样，也是在句中主要作修饰成分，所不同的是，副词（词组）可修饰动词、形容词和介词等；副词词组主要在句中作状语（adverbial），表示时间、地点、方式等意义。1. 按词的构成划分，分为简单副词（simple adverb）和派生副词（derivative adverb）简单副词是由一个自由词素构成，如，early, late, fast, hard等。但绝大多数副词是在形容词后加派生

2、词缀-ly构成，即派生副词，如：recently, nervously, cautiously, honestly等。2. 按词汇意义划分，可分为:1）时间副词（adverb of time）如：ago, ahead, before, behind, beside, below, soon, now, recently, sometime, today, tomorrow, tonight, then, yesterday等。2）频度副词（adverb of frequency）如：always, constantly, ever, frequently, hardly, never, occ

3、asionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, twice, usually等。3) 地点副词（adverb of place）如：above, abroad, down, downstairs, everywhere, here, home, in, inside, out, outdoors, there, up, upstairs等。4) 疑问副词（adverb of question）如：how, when, where, why 等。5) 方式副词（adverb of manner）如：angrily, badly, bravely, cal

4、mly, carefully, easily, fast, happily, hurriedly, loud, loudly, quickly, quietly, rapidly, slowly, slightly, suddenly, well 等。6) 程度副词（adverb of degree）如：a little, almost, completely, deeply, enough, extremely, fairly, fine and, good and, greatly, hardly, just, much, nearly, partly, pretty, quite, ra

5、ther, so, terribly, too, very, very much 等。7) 连接副词（conjunctive adverb）如：, however, besides, furthermore, so, therefore, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, why, moreover, never the less, then, thus,等。 8）解说副词（explanatory adverb）如：as, namely 等。二、副词的句法功能1. 作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词（短语）、连词或整个句子i think di

6、fferently. 我有不同想法。（修饰动词）the book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。（修饰形容词）she left shortly after the meeting. 会议刚结束她就走了。（修饰介词）he fell mainly because he ate too much. 他病了，主要因为吃的太多。（修饰连词）happily, he was not in the house then. 幸运的是，他当时不在那房子里。（修饰句子）2. 作表语表示位置的副词作表语时说明主语的状态或特征（above, across, inside, upstairs）；

7、表示动作方向的副词作表语时是表动作意义（up, down, on, in, off, out）；well, off, up to等副词亦可作表语。the war is still on. 战争还在进行。summer is over，its autumn. 夏天过去，现在已经是秋天了。the gas is off. 煤气关上了。 the village is ten miles off. 离那个村庄10里路。【注】在通常情况下，用作表语时不用副词而用形容词，如可说the woman is beautiful. 而不说 the woman is beautifully. 可说the cloth f

8、eels soft. 不能说 the cloth feels softly. 英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词，而且只能用于连系动词be 后作表语，而不用于其他连系动词后作表语，如可说he is here 或 he is abroad，但不能说he seems here 或 he seems abroad。3. 作介词宾语和宾语补足语某些可以表示位置的副词可以在over, out, up, under, from, in, near, on, around, down, along等后作介词的宾语；某些时间副词可以在by, from, except, before

9、, after, till, since等后作介词宾语；副词还可与作及物动词的宾语补足语或介词with和without的宾语补足语。its not far from here.you can leave the goods anywhere but there. she looked everywhere except there.i didnt know her until quite recently.i went to her room only to find her out. the woman walked along the river with her head down.【注

10、】副词用作宾语的用法十分有限，通常只用作介词宾语，并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词，而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点，如 here和there 可与along, around, down, from, in, near, round, up 等介词连用，但通常不与介词to连用，如不说come to here, go to there 等(注：from here to there是例外)，而表地点的副词abroad 则只与介词from连用，不与其他介词连用(from )。 4. 作定语，修饰名词或代词 副词修饰名词作定语时，常放在名词后。write your name in the place

11、below. 把你的名字写在下面的空格处。i had to get off and take the bus behind. 我不得不下车上后面的公共汽车。【注】在通常情况下，副词用作定语总是放在被修饰名词之后，若置于修饰名词之前，则通常被视为形容词，如the upstairs room和the room upstairs 都表示“楼上的房间”，但前者的upstairs 前置，为形容词；后者的upstairs后置，为副词；又如the above passage 和the passage above都可表示“上面的段落”，但前者的above 前置，为形容词；后者的above后置，为副词。三、副词

12、在句中的位置1. 表示时间或地点的副词一般放在句尾，并且，地点在前时间在后，地点和时间的内部，又按从小到大的顺序排列。强调时，它们也可放在句首。如：will you be free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗?he lives at 75 xiangchun road, changsha. 他住在长沙市湘春路75号。2. 频度副词一般放在行为动词之前，助动词、情态动词或动词be之后。如：he sometimes goes there on business. 他有时到那里出差。he has never been late. 他从未迟到过。 i was never very good at

13、 maths. 我的数学从来不好。【注】若为了强调，有时可钭频度副词放在句首，但值得注意的是，当never, seldom 等含有否定意义的副词放在句首时，句子须部分倒装。如：never have i read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。3. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词之前，助动词、情态动词或系动词be之后。如：the film was quite good. 那影片相当好。the lecture was fairly good. 报告相当不错。its a rather sad story. 这是一个相当凄惨的故事。【注】修饰动词的程度副词则通常放在动词(及其宾语

14、)之后，有时也放在动词之前。如：i dont like coffee very much. = i dont very much like coffee. 另外，enough修饰形容词或副词时，永远置于其后后。如：will you be kind enough to shut the door? 可否劳驾把门关上?its clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。4. 修饰动词的方式副词一般放在动词(及其宾语)之后，有时也放在动词之前。如：we must learn to speak english fluently and correctly. 我们应当学讲

15、流利正确的英语。they warmly welcomed me at their offices. 他们在办公室热烈欢迎了我。5. 由动词与副词一起所构成的短语动词带宾语时，若宾语是名词，则副词放在名词的前后都行；若宾语是代词，副词只能放在代词之后。如：i need a few days to think over your proposal. = i need a few days to think over your proposal. 我需要几天时间来考虑你的建议。i need a few days to think it over. 我需要几天时间来考虑它。(不能说 think ove

16、r it)6. 地点副词做定语时，须放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。如：the people there are very friendly. 那儿的人很友好。7. 修饰句子的副词一般放在句首。如：frankly, i am not satisfied with it. 坦白说，我对此不满意。luckily it was not so hot. 幸好那天不太热。seriously i wish to work here. 说正经的，我愿意在这里工作。8. 疑问副词常放在句首构成疑问句。如：how did you enjoy your christmas? 圣诞节过得如何?why havent yo

17、u been to see me all this time? 你为什么一直没来看我?9. 关系副词和连接副词一般放在从句的开头。如：i asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。(连接副词引起宾语从句)these are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。(关系副词引起定语从句)10. 方式副词、地点副词、时间副词等用在一起时，通常是方式副词在前，地点副词在中间，时间副词在最后。如：the boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。【注】对

18、于run / go / drive / move / walk / head / leave 等表示位置移动词的动词，修饰它们的多个副词通常按“地点副词 + 方式副词 + 时间副词”的规律排列。如：he went there happily yesterday. 他昨天高兴地去了那儿。四、副词的级1. 副词级的构成副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样 1）副词比较级和最高级的规则形式 副词比较级和最高级的规则形式的构成与形容词比较级和最高级基本相似。单音节词通常采用综合形式，如： hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest latelater late

19、st earlyearlier earliest 但是，开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est，如 quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 【注】early与slowly中的-ly不是后缀，故可以把y变i再加er和est2）副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式well better best much more most badly worse worst little less least 2副词级的用法 1）副词的比较级 副词的比较级和形容词比较级的用法基本一样，其基本模

20、式是“副词比较级+than-分句”，如：he works harder than i. 他比我工作努力。 lucy gets up earlier than lili. 露西比丽丽起床早。he dives deeper than his teammates. 他比他的队员潜水深。 its true that he speak english more fluently than any of us. 他英语讲的确实比我们任何人都好。2）副词的最高级 副词最高级的用法和形容词最高级的用法基本一样，是由“（the）+副词最高级+比较范围”构成，表示对三个或三个以上人或物的比较，但副词最高级形式句中

21、 the 可以省略。he runs fastest in our class. 他在我们班跑地最快。 our school team play football best in our region. 我们校队在我们地区足球踢得最好的。3）副词的同级比较 同级比较的基本模式为“as+副词原级+as-分句”，其否定形式为“not+as（so）+副词原级+as-分句”，如： this car runs as fast as that one. 这辆车没有那辆车跑得快。 john doesnt behave as/so politely as bob. 约翰没有鲍勃礼貌。五、兼有两种形式的副词有些副

22、词具有两种形式，一种与形容词同形，一种是形容词后加-ly构成的，这两种形式的副词有时含义相同或略有不同，有时则意义完全不同。试比较下面几组词。1）close与closelyclose意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 he is sitting close to me. watch him closely.2）late 与lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 you have come too late. what have you been doing lately? 3）deep与deeply deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度

23、，“深深地”。 he pushed the stick deep into the mud. even father was deeply moved by the film. 4）high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much the plane was flying high. i think highly of your opinion. 5）wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”he opened the door wide.english is widely used in the world.6

24、）free与freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是“无限制地” you can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. you may speak freely; say what you like.讲练结合：1. norway is one of _ european countries with a large land area than britain, ireland or italy.a. as bigb. the biggestc. so bigd. the bigger2. five of henrys ch

25、ildren were at the wedding party, including _ , daniel. a. an oldest oneb. the oldest onec. the old oned. an old one3. can li hua help me with my english?i regret to tell you her english is _ yours. a. as good asb. no more thanc. not better thand. as much as4. i cant pay _ as he asked for. a. a as h

26、igh priceb. as a high price c. as high priced. as high a price5. are you satisfied with jacks job?not in the least. it couldnt be _ . a. so badb. any worsec. much betterd. the best6. what does the model plane look like?well, the wings of the plane are _ of its body. a. more than the length twiceb. t

27、wice more than the lengthc. more than twice the lengthd. more twice than the length7. it was _ that both my son and my daughter couldnt put it down. a. such interesting a book b. so interesting a book c. a such interesting book d. so an interesting book8. miss langham arm in arm with mr peabody _ si

28、ght! a. how astonishing ab. so an astonishing c. what astonishing ad. such an astonishing 9. during the _ , he enjoyed a good primary education. a. first few happy years abroadb. first happy few years abroadc. happy first few abroad yearsd. first abroad few happy years10. in the 27 th olympic games,

29、 liu hongyu was supposed to win the gold medal in jogging; she failed to, _ . a. yetb. thoughc. althoughd. anyway 12. dont worry about me. ill forget it _ . a. for longb. soonerc. any longerd. in time13. would you like some wine?i dont drink wine as a rule, but i dont mind a glass _ . a. at any time

30、b. once in a while c. more or less d. all the time14. do you think the weather is good enough for a camp?you couldnt hope for _ at this time of the year. a. a nice dayb. the nice dayc. a nicer dayd. the nicest day15. the guests are _ friends of the film star. a. mostlyb. almostc. at mostd. most of a

31、ll 16. _ of the two boys can swim across the river. a. toe oldestb. an olderc. the strongest d. the older17. he will pass two milestones _ , that is, he will receive his masters degree and find a challenging job. a. long agob. not long agoc. before longd. long before18. what a pity! ive not got a ti

32、cket for the football match. dont worry. itll be broadcast _ . a. liveb. livelyc. alived. living19. finnish president said finlandchina relations had progressed _ with fruitful co-operation(合作)in new and high-tech fields. a. peacefullyb. highlyc. quietlyd. smoothly20. hes not got another job yet and

33、 its not _ he will for some time. a. likelyb. easilyc. nearlyd. lonely21. it is a beautiful cell phone but it is not _ the price that i paid for it. a. reasonable b. valuablec. fitd. worth22. these shoes are so _ that i cant put them on. a. littleb. closec. hardd. tight23. its _ a long time since i

34、started to teach at this school. a. quiteb. muchc. prettyd. so24. we do meet now and then, but not _ . a. freelyb. commonlyc. regularlyd. presently 25. i think this exhibition is _ of the two. i have never seen _ exhibition. a. by far better; the betterb. far better; a betterc. by far the better; a

35、betterd. far the better; a better26. you dont have to be angry with him. he _ wanted to know the truth. a. almostb. mostlyc. merelyd. hardly27. are you pleased with what he has done?it couldnt be _ . why didnt he put more effort into his work?a. any worseb. much betterc. so badd. the best28. whats w

36、rong?nothing serious. im just _ busy. a. muchb. morec. too muchd. far too29. he moved away from his parents and missed them _ enjoy the exciting life in china.a. too much tob. very much toc. enough tod. much so as to30. the little boy isnt getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilli

37、ng to go to school. with her son _ , she feels very _ . a. disappointing；worryingb. disappointing；worriedc. disappointed；worriedd. disappointed；worrying【答案解析】1. d. than是解题的关键词，即有than必用比较级。2. b. 由five可知要用最高级，最高级前面用the。3. c. 句意为“我遗憾地告诉你，她的英语不如你的好”。4. d. 在asas中，第一个as是副词，后面一定是先接形容词，再接名词，即：as +adj. +n. +

38、as，故选d。5. b. 由not in the least(一点也不满意)可知，“再也没有做得(比他的)更差的了”。6. c. 考查倍数表达法：倍数+asas倍数+比较级+than倍数+the+名词(size, length, width, height等)+of。选项中more than是最大的干扰项，more than twice(=over twice)意为“两倍多”。7. b. so interesting a book =such an interesting book请注意冠词的位置。8. a. 根据后面的标点“!”，可排除b和d；注意：how astonishing a sig

39、ht=what an astonishing sight. 9. a. 词序题。副词abroad只能放在所修饰的名词后面，排除c和d。又根据“限定语(冠词、指示代词、物主代词、序数词、基数词、few, less, several等某些量词)+形容词(描绘、大小、形状、年龄新旧、颜色、国籍或产地、物质材料、用途)+名词”可排除b，因为限定词few应放在形容词happy之前。10. b. though既可作连词，可与although可互换；也可作副词，位于句子末尾，此时，不能用although。yet也可表示“但是”，但不位于句末。anyway=anyhow意为“无论如何、不管怎样”。11. d.

40、 else常放在疑问词(如what, who, how等)或者复合不定代词(如someone, nothing, everybody等)后面；其所有格总是elses。又如：that must be somebody elses coat; it isnt mine. 12. d. 本题中的in time不是“及时”之意，而是“迟早、终究(=sooner or later)”之意。13. b. once in a while(=occasionally偶尔)与as a rule(=usually, in most cases通常、在多数情况下)相对。14. c. 因为否定词cant与比较级连用，

41、表示最高级含义。15. a. 因为mostly“多半 (是)”；almost“几乎、差不多”；at most“至多”。16. d. 因为指 “(两者中)较的那一个”，用“the +比较级”。17. c. 因为只有before lone (=soon不久以后、很快) 才与将来时连用。18. a. 因为live作“现场直播”解，可作形容词也可作副词，在此题中是副词；live， alive, living均可作形容词“活着的”解，live只能在动物前作定语，alive可作后置定语、表语或补语，living多作前置定语、表语。lively也是形容词，意为“生动的”。19. d. 因为指双边关系进展，当

42、然用“顺利”smoothly。peacefully和平地、安宁地；highly高度地、非常；quietly平静地、寂静地(from )。20. a. 因为likely是形容词，意为“可能的”，在句中作表语。easily和nearly是副词；虽然lonely(寂寞的)是形容词，但其意义与句意不通。21. d. 因为只有be worth后才可接宾语。reasonable价格合理的；valuable有价值的或有用的；fit适合的。22. d. tight紧的。23. a. 因为只有quite才可以放在冠词前面。24. c. 因为只有regularly(经常地)才与now and then(偶尔)相对

43、。25. c. 表示“(两者中)较的那一个”用“the+比较级”，排除a和b。far只能紧靠在所修饰的比较级之前，by far一般放在比较级之后，若有冠词时，要放在冠词之前或比较级之后。26. c. merely只是。其它选项意义不通(from )。27. a. 因为it couldnt be any worse. 意为“(他的工作做得)非常差”，与后文内容相符。28. d. 因为too修饰形容词或副词，far是用来加强too的语气的。而much除与比较级最高级连用外，一般是非修饰作形容词的过去分词及afraid, alive等。29. a. 因为tooto do sth. (太以至于不能做)

44、 是固定搭配。 30. b. 句意是：由于她的儿子令有失望，她感到非常烦恼。表示“令人的”用-ing分词，表示“感到的”用-ed分词。形容词、副词专项练习（一）用括号内词的正确形式填空。1. which is _ (small), the sun, the moon or the earth?2. she is _ (tall) of the two girls.3. bob never does his homework as _(careful) as mary. he makes lots of mistakes.4. in the exam, the _(careful) you ar

45、e, the _(few) mistakes youll make.5. we hope your children grow happily and _ (health).6. of all the subjects, which do you think is _ (difficult) to learn.7. the ice in the lake is as _ (thin) it was before.8. cathy did quite well in the english competition, i did even _ (well).9. which subject do

46、you like _ (well), maths, chinese or english?10. the population of china is _(large) than that of any other country in the world.11. the book is _ (interest). most of the teachers are _ in it.12. hainan island is the second _ (large) island in china.13. zhaozhou bridge is _ (old) stone arch bridge i

47、n the world.14. youre _ (terrible) late. he has already gone.15. there is _ (little) water in the glass than in the bottle.16. this is the _ (wet) summer for ten years.17. he doesnt run as _ (fast) as you.18. my _ (old) sister is three years _ (old) than i and my little brother is five years _(young

48、) than i.19. im afraid that the old woman cant go any _ (far).20. whos _ (thin), tom or mike?21. she is the _ (tall) of the twins.22. it was _ (hot) yesterday than it is today.23. of all the workers, he is _ (busy).24. this question is one of the _ (little) important of all.25. it has _ (much) rain

49、this year than last year.26. this is the _ (short) way to tiananmen square.27. among the subjects, i like maths _(well).28. i can work out the physics problem _ (easy).29. we must try to do _ (much) work with _ (little) money. 30. when spring comes, the leaves get _ (green)（二）改错练习1. frank tarkenton

50、can throw the ball further than hart.2. the committee will discuss the matter father.3. wayne was reported some better day.4. he felt fairly tired when he entered the hospital.5. i am most ready; my paper is near finished.6. he was so overwrought that he decided to take his life.7. the smart dressed women looked out of place in the tavern.8. hardly had he reached the gangplank than he saw her.9. you can place the desk anyplace in the