如何提高小学生的识字能力 涂维华

1、如何提高小学生的识字能力 涂维华识字教学是低年级教学的重要环节，也是学生阅读和写作的基础。语文课程标准指出：“识字教学要将儿童熟识的语言因素作为主要材料，同时充分利用儿童的生活经验，注重教给识字方法，力求识用结合。运用多种形象直观的手段，创设丰富多彩的教学情境。”因此，低年级的识字教学，应该充分考虑学生的身心特点，遵循汉字教学规律，采用多种形式激发学生主动识字的兴趣，培养学生自主识字的能力，养成自主识字的习惯。一、指导方法，学会识字古人云：授人以渔，可享一生。可见，掌握方法比学习知识更为重要。1、教会识字工具，为独立识字奠定基础。一是教好汉语拼音，汉字有几万个，而普通话基本音节只有400多个，

2、因此汉字中就有大量的同音字、多音字。要提高识字效果，就要学好汉语拼音，让学生借助拼音准确掌握字音。二是教好汉字的笔画、笔顺、偏旁、部首、间架结构，使学生掌握自学字形的工具，培养学生运用汉字构字规律分析字形的能力。2、教会识字方法，为独立识字提供保证。（1）根据汉字的构字规律识字。汉字文化，博大精深。教学时，只要抓住汉字的特点进行识字，就能起到举一反三、事半功倍的作用。如：在象形字的教学中，我充分运用象形字保留事物形态、表示意思的特点，把抽象的文字符号还原成图画，引导学生在对图画的感知中激发兴趣，识记生字。如口耳目一课中的生字都是象形字，教学时我引导学生观察字和图片，在对比中让学生发现字和图相似

3、的特点，在观察中充分发挥儿童形象记忆的优势，让一个个文字符号在学生面前活起来，以图画的形式记忆在脑海中，从中学到识记象形字的方法，以后遇到这类字可以用象形的规律来自主学习。学习会意字，我就引导学生抓住它的构字特点来分析，运用“拆字形”来识字。如：明、尘、鲜，可记为：日月明，小土尘，鱼羊鲜，使学生一目了然，既形象记忆了字形，也理解了字义。对于形声字的教学，我采用了换偏旁、去偏旁、加偏旁的方法比较，归类识字。如教学“清”时，引出“请、情、晴”这些字，引导学生比一比发现了什么，通过观察比较，学生发现这些字右边一样，只是偏旁不同，从而使学生自己感悟到“声旁表音，形旁表意”的特点，学生不但能很快记住这些

4、字，而且会慢慢地根据形旁去推测字义，并从中总结出“加一加、减一减、换一换”的识字方法，并把这一识字方法延伸到课外，既培养了学生自主识字能力，也扩展了识字量。（2）依据字理识记生字。如在识记“聪”字时，我启发学生明白“耳朵注意听，眼睛仔细看，嘴巴表达清楚，用心去思考，才能使自己聪明”，这样，调动了学生的学习兴趣，使他们在学习中眼、耳、口、脑并用，也牢固掌握了字形。（3）利用游戏，趣味识字。游戏是喜闻乐见的学习方式之一，在这样的学习环境中可激发学生的学习兴趣。如在学习“座”字时，我出了一个谜面：“一点一横长，一撇撇左方，两人坐在土堆上。”让学生猜猜看是什么字，动脑动笔写写看，写出来的同学喜笑颜开，

5、在享受成功的喜悦中把字形扎根脑海，没猜出的同学也在别人道破机关之时豁然开朗，加深了印象。二、开展活动，巩固识字（1）制作生字卡片，每天熟悉一遍。每学完一课，我都要求学生在老师或家长的帮助下，把生字用自己喜欢的方式记录在卡片上，每天都拿出来向学习伙伴读一遍，接受学习伙伴的评价， 指导，同时互相学习。（2）开展竞赛活动，取长补短，共同提高。在教学过程中，我定期开展“识字小能手”评选，不定时组织以小组为单位参加的“夺红旗”“摘果子”“走迷宫”活动，并将表现出色的同学以喜报的形式告知家长，以求通过这一系列活动激发学生的争先意识，督促他们主动识字，互帮互学，共同进步。（3）结合听说读写，强化识字效果。学

6、生识了字以后，我先指导他们反复朗读课文，读准字音，记忆字形，在句子中理解字义，在此基础上再提供带拼音的儿童读物让学生尝试阅读，巩固识字效果。三、拓宽视野，扩展识字1、创设和利用学校人文的识字氛围。学校是孩子健康成长、增长知识的摇篮，我们学校处处都是人文教育的沃土。刚到门口就会看到“立身以立学为本，立学以读书为先”几个醒目的大字，草坪中“芳草萋萋，踏之可惜”，餐厅外“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”，水池旁“水是生命之源，请节约用水”，厕所旁“讲究卫生，从我做起”等等。校园的黑板报内容丰富，而且日新月异，这都是孩子们采集文字的好素材。再看看我们的教学楼，催人奋进的名言警句比比皆是，楼梯角、墙壁每一个角落

7、都是格言、名人传记等丰富多彩的文苑乐园。教室就更不用说了，那是孩子学习的场所，我就因地制宜采取多种形式设计更有利的识字环境，如每日格言，每日要闻，每周一诗，每周回顾等，既培养了孩子的识字能力，又丰富了社会文化素质。2、营造和谐的家庭识字氛围。家是孩子温馨的港湾，我通过平时沟通，建议家长给孩子营造识字环境。如：鼓励孩子给家庭物品上挂上该物品的名称卡片，影集上注上人物简介，帮家长读信、读报，给家长讲见闻等，家长要及时给予肯定和鼓励，让孩子从中体验学以致用的乐趣。3、充分利用广阔的社会环境来识字。现代社会环境处处有学生识字的空间和机遇。街上新颖别致的广告牌，商店琳琅满目的包装袋，电视中层出不穷的节目

8、词，以及现代化媒体等等，随时令学生感受到知识的氛围和多识字的需求，只要我们教师把科学识字法教给学生，家长把识字的机会让给学生，学生的识字能力就会不断提高，识字兴趣更会不断增强。当然，学生的识字能力培养不是一朝一夕的事，只要我们不断改进教学方法，掌握识字教学规律，及时发现学生的识字契机，耐心培养学生的识字习惯，我们的识字教学一定会收到事半功倍之效。qcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkk

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