高考常考-动词、副词、介词短语动词

1、所有的人都站在一边并不一定是好事，譬如他们都站在船的一边。一、except for有哪些用法1、表示“除外”。如：Except forher, everyone came.除她外，大家都来了。We had a very pleasant time, except for the weather.除了天公不作美外，我们过得很愉快。比较except for与except：except主要用来谈论同类的东西，而except for则主要用来谈论不同类的东西。如：All compositions are well written except yours.除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。His

2、composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。另外，若用于句首，则两者同义，但此时通常用except for(因为except通常不用于句首)。如：Except forJohn, everyone was tired. / Everyone was tired except John.除约翰外，大家都累了。2、表示“若不是，要不是”。如：Except for John, they would all have died.要不是因为约翰，他们就都会死了。注：按传统语法，except for不用于

3、虚拟语气(此时通常用but for)，但在现代英语中它用于虚拟语气的情况已比较普遍。二、equip短语与句型（1）.equipsthwithsth用某物装备某物。如：Were going to equip the room with air-conditioning.我们打算给这个房间装上空调。He equipped his bike with a head light.他给自行车装了前灯。1 / 10注：该句型的特点是：equip的宾语应是被装备的对象，with的宾语应是被装备的东西，两者不可随便换之。如以上两句不能说成：误：Were going to equip air-condition

4、ing in the room.误：He equipped a head light on his bike.（2）.equiponeself(withsth)forsth为某事而准备(某物)。如：They are equipping themselves for a journey.他们在准备行装。Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for theexam.请准备一枝铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。（3）.equipsbtodosth使某人准备好做某事。如：Your education will equip you to earn a g

5、ood living.你受的良好教育将使你能谋得好生计。注：有时也用equip sb for sth。如：Your education will equip you for a good living.（4）.equipsbwithsth提供给人某物。如：Equip the men withbest the best clothes and tools.给这些人提供最好的衣服和用具。Nature has equipped the cats with very good weapons.大自然赋予给猫科动物以极好的武器。We should equip our children with a go

6、od education.我们应该使孩子们得到良好的教育。三、burn短语归纳1.burnaway烧掉，烧毁。如：The pile of paper burned away to nothing.这堆已化为灰烬。2.burndown烧掉，烧毁。如：A number of houses were burned down in the fire.在火灾中烧掉了不少房子。3.burnoff烧毁，烧尽。如：The farmers are burning off the stubble from the fields.农民正把地里的庄稼茬烧掉。4.burnout烧完，烧掉，烧坏。如：The buildi

7、ng was burned out and only the walls remained.大楼被烧空了，只剩下墙。The engine is hasburned out.引擎被烧坏了。5.burnup(1)烧完，烧尽。如：We burned up all the dead leaves in the garden.我们把花园里所有的枯叶都烧掉了。(2)烧得很旺。如：As we gazed, the fireburned upagain.我们正看着时，火又重新燃烧起来。四、because的用法1.because表示的原因是必然的因果关系，语气较强，通常放在主句之后，若需强调则放在主句之前。2.

8、通常用来回答why提出的问题。如：A：Why cant you do it now?你为什么不现在就做呢? B：Because Im too busy.因为我太忙。3.可引导从句作表语。如：It is because he is foolish.那是因为他太蠢了。4.可用于强调句。如：It is because he is honest that we like him.是因为他诚实我们才喜欢他。5.notbecause这一结构中的not有时否定主句，有时否定从句，一般要根据句子的意思作出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗号，否则会引起歧义，如下句在没有特定上

9、下文时就有两种解释。如：I didnt go because I was afraid.(1)我没有去是因为怕。(2)我不是因为怕才去。不过若because之前有just修饰，一般认为not是否定从句而不是主句。如：You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you.你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.他并不只是因为亚里士多德说过如何如何，就轻易相信它。6.表示“的原因是因为”这一意义时

10、，一般要用下面这样的句型。如：The reason why he cant come is that he is tired.他不能来是因为他累了。在这一结构中尽管不少人认为可将that改用because,但也有不少人反对这一用法，学生宜慎用。7.汉语习惯上说“因为所以”，但在英语里却不能将so与because连用。如：因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home.正：It was raining, so we stayed at home.误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at

11、home.8.用于because of,意为“因为”，用法注意：(1)是复合介词，其后可接名词、代词、动名词以及由关系代词型的what所引导的从句等。如：He couldnt come because of illness.他因病不能来。I said nothing about it, because of his wifes being there.因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。He knew she was cryingbecause ofwhat he had said.他知道她哭是因为他说的话。注意：because of不能直接引导从句或后接that引导的从句。如：他不能来是因为

12、他病了。正：He cant come because he is ill.正：He cant come because of his illness.误：He cant come because of he is ill.误：He cant come because of that he is ill.(2)because of一般引导状语，不引导表语(引导表语时可用due to)。如：正：His absence is due to the rain.他因雨未来。误：His absence is because of the rain.但是若主语是代词(不是名词)，because of引出的短

13、语则可用作表语。如：It is just because of money.那只是因为钱的原因。9.关于because,since, as, for的用法区别(1). because可用来回答why提出的问题；可以引导表语从句；可用于强调句等，而其余三者则不行。(2)because表示的是必然的因果关系，语气最强，通常放在主句之后，若需强调则放在主句之前；since,as所表示的原因是人们已知的，是对已知事实提供理由，而不表示直接原因。它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前，有时也放在主句之后。如：As he wasnt ready in time, we went without him.因他未及时

14、准备好，我们没等他就先走了。Since we have no money, its no good thinking about a holiday.既然我们没有钱，考虑度假有什么用。至于for,它是并列连词(其余三者为从属连词)，它有时可表示因果关系(通常要放在主句之后，且可与because换用)；有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断(也要放在主句之后，但不能与because换用)。试比较。如（1）he ground is wet, for (=because) it rained last night.地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。（2）It must have rained

15、last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚一定下过雨，你看今天早上地面是湿的。幽默一则：Gardening GlovesFor months I hinted that I needed a new wedding ring, since I had developed an allergy to gold. On my birthday, while I was gardening, my husband asked me for gift suggestions. I held my hands up and said, Well,

16、youll notice that my hands are bare.Later that evening I opened my present with enthusiasm. Happy birthday, he said, as I unwrapped a new pair of gardening gloves.园艺手套几个月以来，我一直在向丈夫暗示我需要一枚新的结婚戒指，因为我对黄金有点过敏。生日那天，我正在干园艺活时，丈夫问我想要什么礼物。我举起双手说：“嗯，你肯定看到了，我的两手都是光光的。”那天晚上，我满怀热情地拆开了丈夫送的礼物。“生日快乐!”他说。我打开一看：里面包着一

17、双园艺手套。五、to doing sth的常用搭配英语中的to有时是不定式符号，后接动词原形；有时是介词，后接动词时，动词用动名词，很容易混淆。下面是介词to后接动名词的一些常见搭配：1.admit to doing sth承认做了某事。如：He admitted to having taken the money.他承认拿了那笔钱。George would never admit to being wrong.乔治从不认错。2.apply to doing sth适用于做某事。如：These methods apply to learning English.这些方法适用于英语学习。有时ap

18、ply为及物动词。如：We must apply our minds to finding a solution.我们要动动脑筋找出解决的办法来。另外还有：apply oneself to doing sth专心致力于做某事。如：She applied herself to learning English.她努力学习英语。3.be get used to doing sth习惯于做某事。如：John has got used to sleeping late.约翰已习惯很晚睡觉了。She is used to living in the country.她习惯于住在乡下。e be near

19、to doing sth几乎做某事，差点就做某事。如：I was near to screaming.我险些喊叫起来。I came near to forgetting my raincoat.我差点把雨衣给忘了。注意，单独使用的next to（次于）也后接动名词。如：Next to skiing her favourite sport was ice-hockey.她最喜爱的运动是滑雪，其次是冰球。5.devote sth to doing sth把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事。如：Charlie devotes his time to reading.查理的时间都用于读书。也可用于：dev

20、ote oneself to doing sth全心投入做某事。如：She devoted herself entirely to writing.她全心投入写作。注意其被动式。如：This dictionary is devoted to explaining word usage.这本词典是解释词的用法。Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。be devoted to doing sth把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事6.(be) equal to doing sth有能力做某事，能胜任

21、做某事，等于做某事。如：This is equal to saying that he knows her well.这就等于说他很熟悉她。She didnt feel equal to receiving visitors.她感到身体不适，不能会客。7.fall to doing sth开始做某事。如：They fell to (eating) with great gusto.他们开始津津有味地大吃起来。She fell to brooding about what had happened to her.她开始沉思默想自己的遭遇。8.get down to doing sth开始做某事，

22、认真处理某事。如：After lunch we got down to discussing the issue of pay.午餐之后，我们开始认真讨论报酬的问题。9.in addition to doing sth除做某事之外。如：In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money.他不仅给我提了些忠告，而且还给了我一些钱。10.key to doing sth做某事的关键。如：The humble potato may be the key to feeding the worlds population.这不起眼的土豆

23、有可能是解决全世界人口温饱的关键。11.look forward to doing sth盼望做某事。如：I look forward to hearing from you.盼早日收到你的来信。I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望着能自己一人在这所房子里。12.oppose to doing sth反对做某事。如：I oppose to your going there alone.我反对你一个人去那儿。注意其被动式的用法。如：Im opposed to telling him the news at once.我反对马上告诉他这个消息

24、。13.pay attention to doing sth注意做某事。如：We should pay more attention to uniting and working with the comrades who differ with us.我们应该更注意团结那些与自己意见不同的同志工作。其中的pay有时可换成其他动词。如：He gives all his attention to making money.他的注意力完全集中在赚钱上。14.reduce sb to doing sth使某人沦为做某事。如：Hunger reduced themto stealing.饥饿使他们沦落

25、为盗贼。注意其被动式的用法。如：He was reduced to begging for food.最后他沦为乞丐。15.set ones mind to doing sth决心做某事。如：He is used to working at night.他习惯在夜里工作。He is used to looking after himself.他已习惯于自己照顾自己。16.object to doing sth反对做某事。如：He objected to being treated like a child. 他反对被当作小孩子看待。I object to to being treated li

26、ke this.受到这样的待遇我表示抗议。17.take to doing sth喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事。如：He soon took to drinking again.不久他又喝起酒来。He took to gardening in his retirement.他退休后就搞起了园艺。18.What do you say to doing sth你认为做某事如何？如：What do you say to playing tennis?打打网球怎么样?What do you say to going to the theatre tonight?今晚去看戏你说好吗?六、高考常考考点：“

27、动词副词介词”短语动词这类短语动词有catch / keep up with(赶上), do well in(在某方面干得不错), get along / on with(进展，与相处), go on with(继续做某事),go in for(从事，爱好), go away with(带走), get down to(开始认真考虑或对待), get back for(回来取)keep away from(不要靠近)，run away from home(离家出走)，look forward to盼望，等等。如：1.I dont_rock n roll. Its much too noisy

28、for my taste. (北京卷)A.go afterB.go away withC.go into D.go in for【分析】答案选D。go in for爱好，从事，参加。go after追求；go into进入。2.The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us to_our studies. (辽宁)A.get down toB.get outC.get back forD.get over【分析】答案选A。get down to认真对待；get out离开，逃走，出版；get over克服，恢复，结束(不愉快之事

29、)。3._for the glass!Its OK. Im wearing shoes. (湖南卷)A.Look outB.Walk outC.Go outD.get out【分析】答案选A。根据后文Im wearing shoes可知，对方是提醒自己要当心地下的玻璃；表示“提防，留意，当心(某人或某事物)”用look out for。4.Were going to_with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us? (安徽春招)A.get inB.get overC.get alongD.get together【分析】答案选D。get together with sb.与某人聚会。get in收获、收割。5.We thought of selling this old furniture, but weve