英语高一句子成分

1、创造后ta身边的效盲超lesson 1句子成分【教学目标】1.复习语法句子成分，掌握句子成分的构成，为长难句的理解 打基础。2.新题型讲解一语法填空技巧【教学重点】学会判断句子的各个成分；在不断巩固练习的基础上熟练掌握语 法填空的技巧。part 1 语法讲解定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主语，谓语，宾语, 表语，定语，状语，补足语，同位语等。1、1 语|：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词 或从句担当，通常位于句首。jane is good at playing the piano.i need a book.to see is to belie

2、ve.seeing is believing.smoking is bad for health.have a try找出下列句子中的主语1. she went out in a hurry.2. tom is very tall.3. pride goes before a fall.4. looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.2、谓语|描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。由动词，动词短语或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。谓语动词有人称，数，时态和语态的变化。the train leaves a

3、t 6 o clock.she is reading.this song sounds wonderful.i worked out this problem under the help of my math teacher.动词分类：动词的分类：行为动词：及物动词不及物动词创造后ta身边m）蒙自超 系动词：be动词和感官动词情态动词助动词谓语：简单谓语q复合谓语助动词+主要动词情态动词+主要动词have a try j找出下列句子中的谓语1. his writing is very beautiful.2. some peoplewill do just about anything to

4、 save money.3. you should try your best to fulfill your tasks.3、宾语i：表示动作的对象。一般由名词（短语），代词，数词，动名词（短语）, 动词不定式（短语），从句等充当，常置于谓语后。he won the game.he likes playing computer.people love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other.do you know that there will be a concert of eason in chongqing

5、next week.找出下列句子中的宾语1. show your passport, please.2. she didnt sayanything .3. can you tell me the way to the nearest hospital.4、表语|用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词 （名词短语），代词, 数词，动名词（短语），不定式（短语）或形容词担任，置于系动词 之后。he is a student.we aretired.you look happy today.注意：除了 be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1）表感官的动词： sound, look,

6、smell, taste, touch,feel,2）表转变变化的动词 ：go, become, turn, grow, get3）表延续的动词 : keep, stay, remain找出下列句子中的表语1. the war wasover.2. they seemto know the truth.3. leaves turnyellow in autumn.4. food goesbad easily in summer.5、定语）对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。形容词，代词， 介词短语，不定式（短语），动名词（短语），分词，从句等均可做定语。单个 词作定语通常置于被修饰词

7、的前面；短语或从句作定语通常置于被修饰词的后 面。the black bike is mine. （black作定语）the boy in blue is jim. （in blue 作定语）i have nothing to do today. （nothing 作定语）注意：1、当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something,anyone, everyone, someon巡时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。i tell him something interesting.2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。qt

8、he boys who are in the room are playing games.i have something important to tell you now.have a try找出下列句子中的定语1. he is a clever boy.2. his spoken language is good.3. is there anyone else who wants to go with me?6、状语i用以修饰 动词,位置灵活。它可以表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结 果、条件、方式、程度、和让步等。副词，介词短语，不定式，分词均可做状语。1）、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于

9、被修饰的词之前；i am very sorry.2）、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。in order to cheer him up, i told him the truth.they are writing english in the classroom.3）、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常 位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。we often help him.he is always late for class.状语种类如下：how about meeting againat six?（ 时间 状

10、语）last night she didnt go to the danbep.ause of the rain.（原因状语）i shall go thereif it doesn t rain. 条件 状语）mr smith lives on the third floor. （ 地点 状语）she put the eggs into the baskewith great care. （ 伴随 状语）she came inwith a dictionary in her hand. （ 伴随 状语）in order to catch up with the others, i must w

11、ork harder.（ 目 的 状语）he was so tiredthat he fell asleep immediately. （ 结果 状语）have a tryshe works very hardthough she is 01d. （_ t上步 状语）与.com创造后ta身边m）效昌超找出下列句子中的状语1. i will be back in a while.2. they are playing on the playground.3. only in this way , can you make a success.7、补语|补充说明主语和宾语的情况。补语分为主语补足语

12、和宾语补足语两种，可由名词，形容词，介词短语，分词和不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。he made me sad.（形容词）she asks me to take an umbrella （不定式）the war made him a soldier.（名词）i find him at home.（介词短语）i saw a cat running along the wall.（分词）找出下列句子中的补语1. they called him the prince of gymnasts.2. i arrived at home very late,tired and hungry.3. his w

13、ords made usangry.8、同位语1在句中对某一成分作进一步的解释，说明，并且与其在语法上处于 同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语，它通常位于名词、代词后面，它可以由名词、 代词、名词性短语或从句充当。tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.i myself will do the experiment.the suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 找出下列句子中的同位语1. the newsthat he won the match is so exciting.2

14、. they expressed the wishthat she accept the award .主谓宾表定状补复习reviewkeep this in mind七种成分记清楚 主谓宾表是主干 辅助成分定状补 定语修饰名或代 状语修饰动形副 主谓人称要一致 宾语之后可有补we are fami3. the fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.一.强化训练(一)挑出下列句中的宾语1. my brother hasnt donehis homework.2. people all over the world sp

15、eakenglish.(二)挑出下列句中的表语1. the old man felt very tired.2. the leaves have turnecyellow.(三)挑出下列句中的定语1. what is your given name?2. i am afraid somecareless people forgot to sweep the floor.(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语1. she likes the childrento read newspapers and book s in the reading-room.2. he asked herto take t

16、he boy out of school .(五)挑出下列句中的状语1. there was a big smileon her face.2. every nigh t he heard the noise upstairs.part 2 新题型讲解语法填空 阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空yangshuo,chinait was raining lightly when i_1_(arrive) in yangshuo just before dawn. but i didncare. a few hours_2_, i d been at home in hong kong,

17、 with _3_(it) choking smog.here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.i d skipped nearby guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountaintops and dark waters of the li river_4_are pictured by artists in so many chinese it s only an hour away_6_ car and offers all the scen

18、ery of the bettown city._5_(painting). instead, id head straight for yan ghowho fly to guilin,yangshuo_7_(be) really beautiful. a study of travelers_8_(conduct) by the website tripadvisor names yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. and the town is fast becoming a popular weekend d

19、estination for people in asia. abercrombie & kent, a travel company in hong kong, says it_9_(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_10_(live) in shanghai and hong kong.keys: 1. arrived 2. before 3. its 4. which 5. paintings 6. by 7. is 8. conducted 9. regularly 10. living总结：新题型技巧一一语法填空创崎国t

20、a身边的放官放题型特征语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，每空1.5分，共 15分。部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写其正确 形式。不给出提示词的包括：根据上下文的语境填入冠词，连词，代词以及副词 或名词等。不给提示词的，词数有限制，只填写 1个单词。一般来说，给出的提 示词较多(5-7个)；考查词形变化的偏多，并且未给出提示词的空处(35个)有填实词的考点；挖空一般比较均，所要填空的地方一般不会影响学生对短 文的理解。能力要求该题型是考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的掌握情况， 着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。技巧点拨1 .把握篇章理解。

21、用约一分钟浏览全文，明确大意及整个语境，明确人称 和主体时态，此乃做语法填空题的前提。2 .处理好两类词的填空。填实词时，先要根据改词在句中的语法成分，确 定好词性(名词，动词，形容词，副词等)，再考虑其词形。根据前后意思，还可 能填所给词的反义词；填功能词时，要根据上下文之间的联系，空格前后词语的 支配关系，词语搭配，以及句子结构的要求，填上所需的功能词。考点设置一.有提示词1 .动词(谓语/非谓语)。给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要填具适 当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词， 则是句子，仍有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语。常考点1.谓语：时态，语态，主谓一致

22、2.非谓语：to do, doing, done(1) . ms chen(teach) me english since junior 1, and to show my appreciation i decided to get her a present.(2) . i was certain she would like it because i(tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.(3) . an official from the ministry of education said that china follows a

23、n educational policy that(encourage) students to study abroad.(4) . a transit spokesman said the driver should(make) radio call to the control center for help.(5) . we must also consider the reaction of the person(receive) the gift.(6) . with the problem(solve), i felt proud of my achievement.(7) .

24、i then noticed that i had just 10 minutes left(complete) the rest.(8) .(compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15,000, or a rise of3%.(9) . we must practice speaking and(write) the language whenever we can.(10) . but it is not enough only(m

25、emorize) rules from a grammar book.keys: (1). have taught (2). was told (3). encourages (4). make (5). receiving (6). solved (7). to complete (8). compared (9). writing (10). to memorize2 .名词。给出名词，主要考查名词的单复数变化，名词的可数与不可数。 掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。与注教盲常考点名词的单复数(1) . for most of us the(change) are gradual and

26、require a lot of effort and work.(2) . but a good teacher shows how to find(answer).(3) . think of a computer: it stores a lot of(information).(4) . it is another book of my(brother).keys: changes answers information brother s3 .形容词，副词。给出形容词副词，首先要考虑形副之间的转换，形容词 修饰名词和代词，或与系动词连用；副词主要修饰动词，形容词，副词及整个句 子。其

27、次，形容词和副词有比较等级的变化(包括比较级和最高级)。常考点1.形容词和副词的词性转换2比较等级(1) .(fortunate), david passed the final exam.(2) . thirty-five cents, she said(rude).(3) . nothing could be(sweet).(4) . one of the(bad) gift choices i ever made was for my high school. keys: fortunately rudely sweeter worst4 .词形转换。给出提示词原形，通过句子分析，缺少什

28、么成分，再用正确 的单词形式补充完整。如名词变形容词，动词变形容词，形容词变副词，动词变 名词等。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。(注意：分析句意，注意单词否定意义的考查，即需要加词缀)常考点词形转换(1) . some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit (patience).(2) . you have done well and made great achievement in the(entertain) field.(3) . these people have made g

29、reat(contribute) to china with their work.(4) . the tornadoes damaged several(new) built buildings.(5) . numerous studies have shown that free play is very(benefit). it can help children become creative.keys: patient entertainment contribution newly beneficial二.无提示词1 .冠词。名词前无限定词修饰，可考虑用冠词。有时也会出现在序数词，

30、 最高级或一些固定搭配中。注意不定冠词 a, an和定冠词the的区别。常考点1.不定冠词a, an的用法2 .定冠词the的用法(1) . then i went to the department store and bought her expensive giftbox of sichuan beef.(2) . but my mood quickly changed when i saw first question.(3) . television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also comparat

31、ively cheap one.(4) . tom,8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop.(5) . he talked about how i wrestled with him in the evenings and goodmany other things.keys: an the a an a2.介词。当空格后面的名词不作主语，也不作动词的宾语时，应为介词的宾语，固填介词。主要考查一些介词的固定搭配，平常学习中多积累相关短语。 常考点1.介词的基本用法2 .固定搭配(1) .the same time, they warm up ag

32、ain for the night.(2) . i was always told that the three ps were a sure path success.(3) . dont be always be particular your present work and income.(4) . it began to make sense to me that i could include praise along constructive criticism.(5) . there is no easy way to success language learning.key

33、s: at to about with but3 .连词。(从属连词和并列连词)若两个主谓结构之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连词常考点1.从属连词（三大从句）2.并列连词a）.引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。考查包括：定语从句关系词who, whom, that, which, whose, when, where, why, as名词性从句引导词： that, if, whether, who, what, which, whose, when, where, why, how, wh-eve等；状语从旬弓i 导词： when, if, because, though, u

34、ntil, unles野。(1) . the exam,was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(2) . many things must be considered such as the person is interested inand how old he is.(3) .he is rich, his life is not happy.(4) .children believe they can succeed, they will nev

35、er become totally independent.(5) . there had been a growing number of overseas students came back tochina after study.keys: which what though unless who8) .并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如 and, but, or, so。(1) . i asked my classmates about her interest i made my final decision.(2) . it is difficult for parents of

36、nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework,with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home.keys: and but4.代词。挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子间出现不连贯。句中却主语，宾语，表语成分可用人称代词；在名词前起限定作用，可用物主代词；反身 代词多出现在一些固定短语中。常考点1.人称代词2 .物主代词3 .反身代词(1) .is necessary

37、 that he should remember these words.(2) . firstly, we must understand the language when we hear spoken.(3) . some 134,000 chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of were self-funded students.(4) . the little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket and studied anumber of coins in it.创喷后ta

38、身边ml效昌超(5) . i patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relaxkeys: it it them his myself(6) 动词和情态动词。若句子结构较完整，空格后的动词是原形，特别是 与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的 助动词(do,does,did等),此时要注意主谓一致。常考点 助动词do, does, did表疑问，强调或倒装。(1) . peter failed the exam. he know it wa

39、s his own fault.(2) . mary have come here on time. she got up too late.keys: did should实战演练with the development of industry , air pollution is getting more and more serious. in shanghai, many people suffer from different kinds of illnesses because 1 air pollution.air pollution is 2 （main） caused by

40、the following reasons. about half of the problem is caused by vehicles佼通工具）.there are more and more cars and buses on the road, 3 give off 4 （poison） gases. 35% of air pollution is caused by factories. 5 factor is smoking. 6 （smoke） does harm to others health as well as to _7 of the smokers. besides

41、, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons. we should take some measures to fight against pollution. new fuel can be used to take 8 place of gas. we can plant more trees grass and flowers. all in all, if everybody realizes the 9 （important） of environment and does something to stop poll

42、ution, the problem 10 （solve）. keys: of mainly they poisonous another smoking that the importance will be solvedpart 3 课后作业写出下面划线部分的成分并翻译成汉语1. （ 2014 山东，阅读理解）ann s neighbor tracy found a 10st dog wandering around the local elementary school.2. （2014 大纲， 阅读理解）arriving in sydney on his own from india,

43、 my husband, rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.3. （2014 安徽， 阅读理解）you are the collect。门n the gallery of your life.4. （2015新课标 1，完形填空）my kids and i were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. on the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper said:lost my job. family to feed.”5. （2015 新课标 1,完形填空）stepping out not only helped a brother in need , it also gave my kids the sweet taste of helping others.创造后ta身边的效自放6. （2015 新课标 2，阅读理解）experts say the way you design your home