版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、einsteins painful romancewalter sullivanthe story of an anguished love affair between albert einstein and the woman who would later become his first wife has emerged in newly disclosed correspondence between them.新近披露的艾伯特爱因斯坦与意中人(此人后来成为他的元配)之间的来往信件,向人们展示了这对情侣饱含辛 酸的爱情经历。many of the letters describe t
2、he love between the young scientist and his future wife, mileva maric; the pain associated with his mothers vehement disapproval of the relationship; and their excitement over the impending birth of a child.有许多信件都叙述了这位年轻科学家和他未婚妻米莱 娃玛丽克之间的爱情,叙述了因为爱因斯坦的母亲拼命 反对这门亲事而引起他俩的痛苦心情,还叙述了他俩为孩子 的即将由世油然而生的兴奋心情。th
3、e fate of the child, a girl, however, remains a mystery. she was born before the couple married in 1903 and there apparently is no record of what became of her.然而,这个女孩后来的命运如何依然是个谜。她是在这 对夫妇于1903年结婚前生下的,而且对她后来的情况显然没有记载。intertwined with the disclosures of a difficult romance are fragments of einsteins
4、thought as he struggled toward confidence in his concept of relativity.所所披露的艰难的罗曼史交织在一起的是爱因斯坦满 怀信心地为自己的相对论概念而努力奋斗的思想片断。einstein and maric, a serb born in a region of hungary that is now part of yugoslavia, became friends in 1896 while studying together at the federal technical institute in zurich. i
5、n subsequent years they wrote frequently as einsteins efforts to find work and marics visits home caused many separations.爱因斯坦与玛丽克(她生生在当时匈牙利的塞尔维亚地区,现为南斯拉夫的一部分。)是在1896年交上朋友的。当时他俩正一起在苏黎世的联邦理工学院学习,在后来的许 多岁月中,因爱因斯坦为找工作奔波,玛丽克为回家探亲而 造成多次分离,所以他们通信频繁。in his letters, einstein confided in her his efforts to p
6、articipate in the revolution taking place in many fields of physics, including the nature of light, relative movement and molecular phenomenon.爱因斯坦在信中向玛丽克吐露,自己在投身于许多物理学领域(其中包括光的特性、相对运动和分子现象)内发生的革命according to dr. john stachel, a professor of physics at boston university who is editor of the einstein
7、 papers, maric appears to have been more of a sounding board than a contributor to einsteins ideas.据波士顿大学物理学教授、爱因斯坦论文集的编辑约 翰施塔赫尔博士说,看起来,与其说玛丽克是爱因斯坦 思想的贡献者,不如说是爱因斯坦思想的“共鸣者in a letter to maric in 1899, when he was 20 years old, einstein anticipated his first theory of relativity, published six years l
8、ater.it came in a period when many physicists still believed that space was filled with an invisible medium through which light waves could be propagated. they called the medium a luminiferous ether ” .1899年爱因斯坦20岁。在给玛丽克的一封信中,他提 前谈论了自己6年后发表的早期相对论思想。当时许多物理 学家仍然认为空间充满着一种能使光波传播的不可见的介 质。他们将这种介质称之为“传光的以太
9、”。einsteins letters also reveal his familys disdain for maric.in july 1900 he had been warned by his sister that his parents were bitterly opposed to him marrying maric. when he told his mother of his intention, mama threw herself on the bed, buried her head in the pillows, and cried like a child, h
10、e wrote to maric.爱因斯坦的信还透露了他家里的人对玛丽克的鄙视态 度。1900年7月,他事先得到姐姐的警告说,父母竭力反 对他与玛丽克结婚。当他把自己的打算告诉母亲后,“妈妈一下子扑倒在床上,把头埋在枕头下,哭得像孩子似的”,他在给玛丽克的信中写道。after she had recovered from the initial shock, she immediately switched to a desperate offensive, einstein continued. he quoted his mother as saying, you are ruining
11、your future and blocking your path through life.爱因斯坦继续写道,“当她从开头的打击中恢复过来后, 便立即转换方式,发起猛烈攻势。”他还援引母亲的话说,“你 是在毁掉自己的前途,你是在阻塞自己的人生道路。”although einsteins family looked down on marics background, another problem was the couples meager income. as einstein wrote to a friend, neither of us two has gotten a job
12、and we support ourselves by private lessons - when we can pick up some, which is still very questionable.虽然爱因斯坦的家人瞧不起玛丽克的生身,另外一个原 因也是因为这对未婚夫妇的微薄收入。就像爱因斯坦在给一 个朋友的信中所写的那样,“我们俩都还未找到工作。我们只靠给私人上课为生(如果我们能找到一些这样机会的话),但这还是很成问题的。”interspersed among einsteins repeated expressions of love were discussions of s
13、cientific questions with which both were concerned.在爱因斯坦的那些情意缱绻的信中也掺带着对他们双 方都关心的科学问题的讨论。while visiting the swiss town of aarau a good idea occurred to me, he wrote, about a way of investigating how a bodys relative motion with respect to the luminiferous ether affects the velocity of propagation of
14、light in transparent bodies. also a theory on this matter occurred to me, which seems to be highly probable.在游览瑞士的阿劳城时,“我心中产生了一个好主意,” 他写道,“即关于研究一个物体与传光以太的相对运动如何 影响光在透明物体中的传播速度的方法。在这个问题上我头 脑里还产生了 一种似乎十分有可能成立的理论。”he also was pondering the definition of absolute rest, a paradox that led him to his init
15、ial theory on relativity. the theory ruled out the possibility of absolute rest, since all objects are considered to be in motion relative to other objects. he also was contemplating the electrodynamics of moving bodies which,he said, promises to be a capital paper.他还在思考着“绝对静止的定义”,一种导致他产生最初相对论的悖论。这种
16、理论排除了绝对静止的可能性。因为 一切物体对于其他有关物体来说都被看作是处在运动之中 的。他还对移动物体的电动力学冥思苦想,他说,“这有希望成为一篇优秀论文。”i wrote to you that i doubted the correctness of the idea s about relative motion, he wrote. but my doubts were based solely on a simple mathematical error.now i believe in it more than ever.“我曾写信给你,谈到过我对相对运动想法的正确性有 怀疑,”
17、他写道。“但我的怀疑只是基于简单的数学上的错误。 现在我比以前更深信无疑了。 ”mr. stachel, writing in the may issue of physics today, says this passage suggests that einstein had already adopted some version of the relativity principle, although not in its final form.斯塔赫尔先生在5月号的今日物理上撰文说,这篇文章“意味着爱因斯坦已经采用了奥种形式的相对论原理工尽管还不是最终形式。although mar
18、ic has been depicted by historians as a dull woman, the letters show her interest in the nature of infinity.虽然玛丽克被历史学家描写成一位缺乏想象力的女子, 这些信却表明,她对无限性很感兴趣。i do not believe the structure of the human brain is to be blamed for the fact that man cannot grasp infinity, she wrote to him in 1897, when he was 1
19、8 years old.“我认为,人们不能了解无限性,不应归咎于人脑的结 构,” 1897年她给当时18岁的爱因斯坦的信中写道。she continued: he certainly could do that if in his young days, when he was learning to perceive, the little fellow had not been so cruelly confined to the earth, or even to a nest, between four walls, but instead was allowed to walk ou
20、t a little into the universe.她接下去写道:“倘若一个人在年轻时期,在学习掌握 新概念时,不被无情地局限于地球,或者甚至局限于四面围 墙的斗室之中,而是被允许走由去涉足一下宇宙的话,他当 然是能够做到这一点的。”science historians, such as gerald holton of harvard university, regard einsteins ability to walk out into the universe and think in pure abstractions as essential to his revolutio
21、nary discoveries. particularly remarkable, mr. holton said in an interview, is the extent to which their interest in physics dominates the correspondence despite their personal difficulties.科学史家们,诸如哈佛大学的热拉尔霍尔顿认为,爱 因斯坦“涉足宇宙”的能力和用纯抽象方式思维的能力对他 的各项具有革命性的发现是必不可少的。特别引人注目的 是,霍尔顿先生在一次会见中说,尽管他们各自都有困难, 但他们在通信
22、中对物理学的兴趣竟然占着最重要的位置。most important for historians of science, he added, is the evidence that so early in his life einstein was already deeply thinking about the nature of light, relativity and molecular motion. this all fell into place in a spectacular set of papers published in 1905 and thereafter,
23、he said.他又说:“对科学史学工作者来说,最重要的是,在爱因斯坦的一生中这样早的时候就有迹象表明,他“就已经在深刻地思考着光的特性、相对论和分子运动的问题 了 他说,“这一思想”都体现在一系列引人注目的论文 之中”,并从1905年起陆续发表。despite long periods of separation, maric and einstein occasionally managed to meet and hike the swiss mountains. about the time of one of their excursions, in may 1901, she le
24、arned of her pregnancy.尽管玛丽克与爱因斯坦多次长期分离,但他俩有时也设 法团聚,去瑞士的崇山峻岭观光,作徒步旅行。 1901年5月在一次短途旅行时,玛丽克得知自己怀孕了。the first letter in which einstein mentioned this subject, however, began with discussion of a paper on the production of cathode rays by ultraviolet light. it then continued : just be of good cheer, lov
25、e, and dont fret. after all, i am not leaving you and ill bring everything to a happy conclusion.然而,爱因斯坦提到此事的第一封信是以谈论一篇关 于用紫外线产生阴级射线的论文开头的。该信接着才写道: “你要高兴喜欢才是,可别忧愁烦恼。毕竟我不会离开你, 而且我一定会把一切圆满了结。”as in several subsequent letters he referred to the child a s though the baby was already born, saying, how is
26、 the young chap?当他在后来的几封信中再谈到这个孩子的情况时,仿佛 孩子已经生下了。他问道,“小家伙好吗?”maric was hoping for a girl and they called the unborn child lieserl, a diminutive of liese. i am dizzy with joy, einstein wrote her, after receiving word of a job in bern. the only thing that must be solved is how to have our lieserl with
27、 us. i do not want for us to have to part with her.玛丽克希望生个女孩,所以他们在孩子未生生时便叫她 “莉塞尔”(莉丝的昵称)。当爱因斯坦得知在伯尔尼找到工作的消息后,他写信给玛丽克说,“我高兴死了。唯一得解决的事情就是怎样使莉塞尔和我们在一起。我不想使我们 不得不离开她。”despite his mothers opposition, einstein and maric were married in january 1903 in bern. according to a letter, to appear in the next vol
28、ume of his papers, the einsteins later learned that their daughter had recovered from scarlet fever. but apparently she was still in her mothers native region. the mention of scarlet fever is the last reference to the girl in the correspondence.尽管遭到母亲的反对,爱因斯坦还是于 1903年元月在 伯尔尼与玛丽克结为伉俪。根据爱因斯坦文集下一卷上发表 的
29、一封信,爱因斯坦夫妇后来得知,女儿的猩红热已经痊愈。看来这孩子还是住在她母亲的故乡了。在通信中有关这女孩 的最后情况只是提到了猩红热。supplementary readingas far as the professional staff of the eth (the swissfederal polytechnic school) was concerned, albert einstein was one of the awkward scholars who might or might not graduate, but who in either case was a great
30、 deal of trouble. and in accordance with their opinions, when einstein did graduate after four years, eth did not offer him a position as was the custom of the time. for the difficult fellow, no opening on the academic ladder could be found.yet it cannot have been entirely unexpected and it was cert
31、ainly not unnatural. in the autumn of 1900 albert einstein was a graduate who denied rather than defied authority; a young man who was written off as virtually unemployable by many self-respecting citizens. it was to be two years later before einstein was able to obtain his first regular albeit nona
32、cademic position. even so einsteins position with the swiss patent office was obtained through the intervention of friends on his behalf.the work of the patent office at the turn of the century was strikingly different from what it later became. the difference is 川ustrated by one fact: until 1908 pa
33、tents were granted only for inventions which could be represented by a model. the model may have been as important as the specification which described, in words which ideally should allow of no dispute, the duties which the device was intended to perform.these inventions, ideas, and proposals which
34、 were directed to the office consisted largely of suggestions for practical, utilitarian, basically simple, and often homely applications of technology to the mundane affairs of everyday life. at first glance, all this appears to be singularly unrelated to einsteins special genius.yet despite the ap
35、parently esoteric quality of the theories on which his fame was founded, these theories sprang, as he was never tired of stressing, from observation of facts and from deductions which would account for these facts. this demanded an intuitive discernment of essentials, and it was just this which was sharpened during his days at the patent office.for the work frequently involved rewriting inventors vague applications to give them le
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 山西省长治市(2024年-2025年小学五年级语文)人教版竞赛题(上学期)试卷及答案
- 2024年民航运输项目资金筹措计划书代可行性研究报告
- 高考生物复习教案生命活动的调节
- 上海市市辖区(2024年-2025年小学五年级语文)人教版小升初真题(上学期)试卷及答案
- 二年级数学计算题专项练习1000题汇编
- 泌尿系腔镜检查及护理
- 二年级语文下册教案(第三单元)
- DB11T 1117-2014 玻璃棉板外墙外保温施工技术规程
- 《电气控制系统设计与装调》教案 项目二-任务1:万用表的使用
- 山东省潍坊市安丘市2024-2025学年五年级上学期期中语文试卷
- 2024秋期国家开放大学《政治学原理》一平台在线形考(形考任务三)试题及答案
- 化工企业中试阶段及试生产期间的产品能否对外销售
- 国开作业《公共关系学》实训项目1:公关三要素分析(六选一)参考552
- 多图中华民族共同体概论课件第十一讲 中华一家与中华民族格局底定(清前中期)根据高等教育出版社教材制作
- 2024年福建闽投永安抽水蓄能有限公司招聘笔试参考题库附带答案详解
- 成长生涯发展展示
- 求职能力展示
- 基于PLC的热水箱恒温控制系统
- 城轨行车组织-工程列车的开行
- 国培教师个人成长案例3000字
- 中国马克思主义与当代思考题(附答案)
评论
0/150
提交评论