美式英语与英式英语在语言上的不同

1、Differences between American English and British English language Made by ethos CONTENT grammar vocabulary spelling Pronunciation date and digital The differences of grammar includes seven aspects: NO.1 The difference of Temporal NO.2 The difference of Preposition NO.3 Difference of “have” NO.4 Diff

2、erence of “Need, dare, used to” NO.5 Pronouns and indefinite pronouns NO.6 Difference of “the” NO.7 seem , look， etc NO.8 Present perfect and past simple NO.9 Got and Gotten NO.10 Singular and Plural Number 1 When using the present perfect British English, in some cases, while in American English pa

3、st tense used. In particular, to provide information on the expression of the time. Examples: American British Translation He just went home. He has just went home. 他刚回家了。 I just have lunch. I have just had lunch. 我刚吃完午餐。 I crashed the car. I have crashed the car. 我把车撞坏了。 Number 2 The difference of

4、Preposition , for example: American British Translation on the weekend at the weekend 在周末 different than different from/different to 不同于 home at home 在家 The doctor felt of my pulse. The doctor felt my pulse . 医生检查了我脉搏。 Number 3 Difference of “have” 3.1 British English have often used to talk about o

5、wnership, when the relationship, usually by the time have now completed to indicate, for example: I have a new car. 我有一辆车。 My mothers got two sisters. 我母亲有两个姐妹。 Its a nice flat, but it hasnt got a proper bathroom. 这个套间不错，但没有一个像样的浴室。 Number 3 3.2 American English Have not only has representatives in

6、action when it comes to variety, have used as a verb (type in questions and negatives in conjunction with do), referring to the various states, as well. (Simpler than British usage) I have a problem. 我有个问题。 Do you have a light? 你有打火机吗？ Number 4 “Need, dare, used to” have a modal verb in British Engl

7、ish, American English, in that they are using as a verb. For example: American: She didnt dare to stay in the dark. Tom doesnt need to go with them. British: She dared not stay in the dark. Tom neednt go with them. Number 5 American English use he and his indefinite pronouns as pronouns instead of o

8、ne or ones, but in British English the official written language commonly used one or ones. For example: American： One should do his best for his motherland. British： One should do ones best for ones motherland. Number 6 Difference of “the” American British Translation go to the hospital go to hospi

9、tal 去医院 go to the university go to university/college上大学 go to the theatre (theater) go to theatre 去剧院 Number 7 seem , look， etc Compare these examples. American: 一般不讲She seemed a good pilot, 通常在感官动词后 接to be 或者 like She seemed to be a good pilot./She seemed like a good pilot. British: 我们可以在我们可以在appe

10、ar, feel, look, seem和和sound后直接后直接 加动词加动词 She seemed (to be) a good pilot. It looks (to be) a lovely evening. I felt a fool. Number 8 Present perfect(现在完成时) and past simple American： 以上的句子在美式英语中即可用present perfect,又能 用past simple 来表达。 Bob has washed the dishes, look. Or Bob washed the dishes, look. We

11、ve already eaten our lunch. Or We already ate our lunch. 另外，ever 和never常出现于past simple中，有时也出 现在present perfect 的情况。 Did you ever play cricket? Number 8 Present perfect(现在完成时) and past simple British: 用present perfect 来表示到目前为止做了某事，并 且常常和just, already 和yet 连用。 Bob has washed the dishes, look. Weve alr

12、eady eaten our lunch. Ive just seen Elaine. Have you corrected your work yet? 另外，常在现在完成时中使用ever和never，但是不 会在past simple(一般过去时)中使用这两个词。 Have you ever played cricket? Number 9 Got and Gotten Both have and have got are used in Britain and in the US. He has a lot of money./Hes got a lot of money. Americ

13、an: Have gotten 表达了一种action。 Hes gotten/made a lot money from his business activities. British: 人们不用人们不用gotten. Hes made a lot of money from his business activities. Number 10 Singular and Plural American English and British English in the singular word form can sense the plural collective nouns tak

14、e singular or plural verb usage is not the same. American: The team is，or the government is 因为team, government 被视作一个整体 British: The team are，or the government are 因为因为team, government 是由多个人组成是由多个人组成 American English and British English - differences of vocabulary 飞机 aero plane/ airplane 航空邮件 air-pos

15、t/ air-mail 对（人）生气 angry with/ angry at 垃圾箱 ash-bin (dust-bin) /ashcan 秋 autumn /fall 面包店 bakery /bakehouse 纸币 (bank-)note/ (bank-)bill 理发厅 barbers shop/ barber shop 浴盆 bath /bathtub British /American enghlish 浴室 bathroom/ bath 寝具 bedclothes/ covers 饼干 biscuit /cracker 百叶窗 blind /shade 宿舍 boarding h

16、ouse/ dormitory 预约 booking/ reservation 长筒鞋 boot/ shoe 售票处 booking-office/ ticket-office 英式英式 美式美式 裤子的吊带 braces /suspenders 小憩时间 break /recess 中途下车 break ones journey /stop over 旅行队，篷车 caravan/ trailer 客车 carriage /coach 游览车 charabanc /sightseeing bus 药局 chemists shop /drugstore 支票 cheque /check 英式英

17、式 美式美式 寄物处，衣帽间 cloakroom /checkroom 光头 close crop/ crew out 衣夹 clothes-peg/ clothes-pin 公共汽车 coach/ bus 雄鸡 cock/ rooster 棺材 coffin /casket 魔术师 conjuror/ magician 蒸汽锅 cooker /stove 电影院 cinema /picture house 英式英式 美式美式 谷物 corn /grain 棍棒 cash/ blackjack 领带 cravat /(neck)tie 十字路口 cross-roads/ intersectio

18、n 碗柜 cupboard/ closet 窗帘 curtain /drape 简报 cutting /clipping 骑自行车的人 cyclist /cycler 舞厅 dancing saloon/ dance ball 英式英式 美式美式 抹布 dish-cloth /dish towel 老资格，老前辈 doyen /dean 绸缎店 drapers shop /dry-goods store 西洋象棋 draughts /checkers 客厅 drawing room/ parlor 睡衣 dressing-gown /bathrobe 酒类饮料 drink /liquor 偶然

19、拜访 drop in/ drop by 垃圾箱 dust-bin /ashcan 英式英式 美式美式 公司的休憩时间 elevenses /coffee break 雇佣 engage/ hire 过分 excessively/ overly 快递 express delivery post/ special delivery mail 战争 fighting/ combat 消防队 fire-brigade/ fire-department 二楼 first floor/ second floor 英式英式 美式美式 鱼类，海味 fish /sea food 鱼贩 fish-monger/

20、fish-dealer 花线，皮线 flex /electric cord 人行道 footway /side walk 空格表 form /blank 二星期 fortnight /two weeks 句点 full stop/ period 橡皮套鞋 galoshes/ rubbers 监狱 goal/ jail 英式英式 美式美式 货车 goods train/ freight train 卡车 goods waggon /freight car 食品杂货店 grocers shop/ grocery store 一楼 ground floor /first floor 车掌 guard

21、 /conductor 长筒橡皮套鞋 overshoes /gum boots 大炮 cannon/ gun 争价，还价 haggle/ dicker 一半 half a / a half 英式英式 美式美式 门厅，回廊 hall/ hallway 长筒靴 high boot/ boot 休假 holiday /vacation 旅馆的侍者 hotel page/ bellboy 有病的 ill /sick 旅馆主人 innkeeper /innholder 演出休息时间 interval/ intermission 铁器店 ironmongers/ hardware store 水罐 jug

22、 /pitcher 英式英式 美式美式 街道的边石 kerb/ curb 邮票，印花税票 label /sticker 标签 label/ tag 化妆室 ladies cloakroom /powder room 地崩，山崩 landslip /landslide 厕所 lavatory/ washroom 电梯，升降机 lift /elevator 铁路 line/ road 寄宿者 lodger /roomer 英式英式 美式美式 卡车 lorry /truck 西装 lounge suit /sack coat 行李 luggage /baggage 主要街道，大路 main road

23、 /highway 玉米 maize /corn 汽车 (motor)car /auto(mobile) 市政厅 municipal office/ city hall 音乐厅，演艺馆 music hall/ variety house 棉布 muslin /calico 英式英式 美式美式 零 naught, nought zero 通讯社 news-agent/ news-dealer 单据夹 note-case /billfold 告示 notice/ bulletin 校友 lod boys (girls)/ alumni 大衣，外套 overcoat/ topcoat （纸牌的）一组

24、 pack (of cards) /deck 短裤 pants /shorts 小包，包裹 parcel /package 英式英式 美式美式 挂布 pelmet/ valance 婴儿车 perambulator/ pram baby carriage 也许 perhaps /maybe 汽油 petrol/ gasoline 电影 pictures/ movies 邮筒 pillar-box /letter-box 电器）接头 point /outlet 转辙手 pointman/switchman 职业的 professional /career 英式英式 美式美式 公共电话 publi

25、c call-box/ pay station 酒馆，酒店 public house /tavern （车胎等）爆坏 puncture /become flat 钱包，皮夹 purse/ pocket-book 睡衣 pyjamas/ pajamas 赛马场 race course /racetrack 铁路 railway/ railroad 火车站 railway station /depot 电冰箱 refrigerator/ icebox 英式英式 美式美式 来回车票 return ticket /round-trip ticket 挂断电话 ring off/ hang up 打电话

26、 ring up/ call 人行道 roadway/ pavement 圆环 roundabout rotary, traffic circle 垃圾堆 rubbish-heap/ trash heap 围毯 rug/ robe 解雇 sack/ fire 大麦饼 scone/ biscuit 英式英式 美式美式 海 sea/ ocean 定期票，长期票 season ticket /commutation ticket 抵押 security/ collateral 鞋子 shoe/ oxford 擦皮鞋 shoe-black /boot-black 商店 shop /store 店员 s

27、hop assistant/ clerk 女店员 sip-girl /salesgirl 英式英式 美式美式 颊发 side-shirkers/ sideburns 单程车票 single ticket/ one-way ticket 地基，地点 site/ lot 枕木 sleepers /crossties 袜带 suspenders /garters 律师 solicitor/ lawyer 螺丝起子 spanner/ wrench 眼镜 spectacles /eyeglasses 毕业典礼 speech day /commencement 英式英式 美式美式 教员 staff /fa

28、culty 公立学校 state school /public school 停留 stay /stopper 石头 stone/ rock 地下道 subway / underpass 日出 sunrise/ sunup 餐后甜点 sweet/ course dessert 糖果 sweets/ candy 燕尾服 tail-coat /cutaway 英式英式 美式美式 水龙头 tap/ faucet 终点 terminus/ terminal 大公寓，大杂院 tenements /flat 神秘小说，侦探小说 thriller/ mystery story 领带夹 tie-pin/ st

29、ickpin 截止期限 time-limit /deadline 时间表 timetable/ schedule 罐头食品 tinned goods/ canned goods 手电筒 torch /flashlight 英式英式 美式美式 城市 town/ city 电车 tram car street car/ trolley 长途电话 trunk call /long-distance call 裤子 trousers /pants 地下铁路 tube /subway 裤管的反折 turn-ups/ cuffs 地下铁路 underground /subway 傧仪业者 undertak

30、er/ mortician 贴身内衣 underwear/ undershirt 英式英式 美式美式 名片 visiting card/ calling card 背心 waist-coat/ vest 洗礼日 washing day/ wash-day 酒店 wine merchant/ liquor store 无线电 wireless/ radio 工作时间 working day /workday 英式英式 美式美式 American English and British English - differences of Spelling NO.1 Dont pronounce th

31、e word in British English suffix（词尾） -me, -ue spelling is deleted in American English. As: kilogramme/kilogram(公斤）, Programme/program(方案)， Catalogue/catalog (目录). NO.2 The -our at the end of the word in British English in English, American deleting silent letters.As: behaviour/behavior(举止、行为)； disco

32、lour/discolor(褪色)； labour/labor(劳动). NO.3 British English spelling alphabet ae andoe In America English leaving only vowel pronunciation.As: anaemia/anemia(贫血症)； aeno/eon(永世)； aesthetic/esthetic(美学的). NO.4 British English spelling alphabet -ll-, In America English write only -l-.As: chilli/chili(干辣椒

33、)； dialling/dialing(电话拨码)； leveller/leveler(水平测量员)。 But ,there are some contrary examples, such as American English appall,instill,distill,installment,willful in British English is often only a single write L. While distillery, installation, propeller and other word spelling rules are the same as in

34、 British English and America in english. NO.5 British English is the ending consonant plus -e, and USA English suffix consonants.AS: axe/ax(斧)； blonde/blond(亚麻色的). NO.6 -eable is used in British English, -ement, - able, -ment is in America English.As: likeable/likable(讨人喜欢的)； loveable/lovalbe(可爱的)；

35、judgement/judgment(审判)； acknowledgement/acknowledgment(承 认). NO.7 In British English, the Xion at the end of the word, America English often end with tion.As: complexion/complection(面色)； connexion/connection(连接)； flexion/flection(弯曲). NO.8 In British English -ise, -yse, -s- at the end of the word, A

36、merica English often end with -ize, -yze, -z-.As: activise/activize(激起)； advertise/advertize(为.做广告). NO.9 Some British English to re at the end of the word order of English spelling, America opposite.As: calibre/caliber(口径)； centre/center(中心)； fibre/fiber(纤维). British English and Amercian EnglishBri

37、tish English and Amercian English -differences of Pronunciation-differences of Pronunciation 1 元音差别 1.1在日常用语大约150个词中 字母a在f m n W T s等之间,英国英语发 音为a:,而在美国英语 中则 为A ,例如: 1元音差别 ask calf chance draft example path /Ask/ /kAf/ /tFAns/ /drAft/ /igzAmpl/ /pAW/ / a:sk/ /ka:f/ /tFa:ns/ /dra:ft/ /igza:mpl/ /pa:W/

38、 words AMERICAN ENGLISH BRITISH ENGLIS H 1元音差别 但是,当字母a在p b t d k g 和tF之间时,英语和美语都发作A ,例如; WORDS bag cat catch AMERICAN /bAg/ /kAt/ /kA tF/ BRITISH /bAg/ /kAt/ /kA tF/ 1元音差别 v1.2英语中的C: 和 C相应的在美 语中发作C和.当然美语在发这两 个音时开口度稍1.2.大一些. 1元音差别 1.2.1 在字母组合al.au.aul中,例如 WORDS fault halt pause AMERICAN /fClt/ /hClt/

39、 /pCz/ BRITISH /fC:lt/ /hC:lt/ /pC:z/ 1元音差别 1.2.2在p b t d k g等音之前 例如: WORDS cop hot stop AMERICAN /kp/ /ht/ /stp/ BRITISH /kCp/ /hCt/ /stCp/ 1元音差别 1.3-ile在美语中发作il, El,i:l,而在英 语中一般发作ail,例如: WORDS fragile missile mobile AMERICAN /frAdVEl/ /misEl / /mEubil/ BRITISH /frAdVail/ /misail / /mEubail / 1元音差别

40、 1.4ary,-ery,-ory中,字母a,e,o在英语中 一般发作E 音,而英语中一般省略,例如 WORDS secretary preparatory monastery AMERICAN /sekrEtEri/ /pripArEtEri/ /mCnEstEri/ BRITISH /sekrEtri / /pripArEtri/ /mCnEstri/ 1元音差别 1.5美音中E 音与英音Q 很相近,例如: WORDS result love AMERICAN /rizElt/ /lEv/ BRITISH /rizQElt/ /lQv/ 2辅音差别 2.1. 字母t的发音 在没有重读且处于

41、两个元音音素之间的时候, 美语中字母t的发音近于d,例如: WORDS matter waiter motor waiting AMERICAN /mAdEr/ /weidEr/ /mEudEr/ /weidiN/ BRITISH /mAtE/ /weitE/ /mEutE/ /weitiN/ 2辅音差别 注意:如果处于重读音节中或在非重读音节 中的清辅音之后,或者处在一个音节的最后, 字母t不管是在英语中还是在美语中都发作 t, WORDS obtain return master AMERICAN /Ebtein/ /ritE:n/ /mAstE/ BRITISH Cbtein/ /ritE:n/ /ma:stE/ 2辅音差别 2.2. j在英语中一般保留而在美语中一般 消失.在t d n W l s之后.字 母及字母组合u,ew,eu在英语中一般发作j u:,而在美语中发作u:,例