新世纪 Book 4U7

1、Unit 7 Enjoying the Classics Charles Dickens The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Mark Twain The Old Man and the Sea Charlotte Bronte Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte David Copperfield Earnest Hemingway A Dream of Red Mansions Cao Xueqin Jane Eyre Cao Xueqin (17151763) Qing Dynasty Masterpiece: Charlotte Bron

2、te （18161855） Yorkshire England Masterpiece: Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961 ) American Masterpieces: Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 Mark Twain Samuel Langhorne Clemens (l8351910） American Masterpieces: Emily Bronte 1818 -1848 British Masterpieces: Charles Dickens (1812-1870) British Mas

3、terpieces: Charles Dickens (18121870) was the foremost (最重要的最重要的) English novelist of the Victorian era, as well as a vigorous(精力充沛的精力充沛的)social campaigner. Considered one of the English languages greatest writers, he was acclaimed(喝彩喝彩)for his rich storytelling and memorable (难忘的难忘的)characters, and

4、 achieved worldwide popularity in his lifetime. David Copperfield A Tale of Two Cities Great Expectations 远大前程远大前程/ /孤星血泪孤星血泪 Hard Times Oliver Twist Background: Oliver Twist (1837), Dickenss first regular novel, is the story of an orphan who falls into the hands of a group of thieves in London. The

5、 gang(一一)伙伙, is run by Fagin教教 唆犯唆犯who tries to make Oliver a pickpocket. Oliver runs away but is kidnapped绑架绑架by the gang. The story is partly a picture of the evils of Londons slums. They were so evil that they made criminals out of children. It was in the workhouse that Oliver was born. No one kn

6、ew who his mother was, and she died within minutes of giving birth. At the age of ten months, Oliver was sent to a branch-workhouse 救济院救济院, to be brought up by the elderly Mrs. Mann. She looked after 20 or 30 poor orphans. Mrs. Mann used most of the pay for herself, and very little to feed and cloth

7、e the children. Consequently从而从而, 因此因此, Oliver, like all his comrades, grew into a small, pale, thin child. When Oliver was nine, came to bring him back to the workhouse so that he could be taught a trade with other boys of his age. As miserable痛苦的痛苦的as Oliver had been at Mrs. Manns, he was even mor

8、e unhappy at Mr. Bumbles. He missed the friends he had grown up with, and he was hungrier than he had ever been Main characters: Oliver Twist Mr. Bumble Mr. Limbkins Read the text quickly and answer the following questions. 1. Where did the story take place? 2. Who were the leading characters? The s

9、tory took place on an ordinary day in the workhouse where Oliver Twist worked along with other boys. Oliver Twist, some boys, and the masters 3. How long had the boys suffered terrible hunger? For three months. 5. What did Oliver say to the master? 6. What happened to Oliver at the end of the episod

10、e? He said, “Please, sir, I want some more.” He was locked up and the board of management was planning to drive him away from the workhouse. Para A 尺子尺子 earn ones/a living 谋生 Everyone should have the means to earn their own living. earn sb sth 为某人赢得某物为某人赢得某物 That performance earned her an Oscar best

11、 actress. earnings 薪水薪水,工资工资 What are your earnings? Paragraph B: feed v. 喂养喂养, 饲养饲养 Hes got a big family to feed. They have bought lots of food - enough to feed ten people. What do you feed your dog on? I feed fish to cats. feed on 以以为食为食 Cows feed on grass. be fed up with 对对厌倦厌倦 assist 帮助帮助,协助协助 v

12、. assist (sb) in/ with 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 This information will assist the police with/in their research. assist sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 The program assists young people to find work. assistance n.帮助帮助,援助援助 assistant n.助理助理,助手助手 a personal assistant a.助理的助理的 an assistant manager serve v. 1) 为为工作工作,为

13、为服务服务 Serve the people heart and soul 2)提供提供(食品食品,饮料饮料,饭菜饭菜);端上端上;侍侯侍侯 serve sb(with) sth/ serve sth to sb 给某人端上给某人端上 She served us tea and toast. serve sth hot/ cold 热着热着/冷着上冷着上 Make sure serve the coffee hot. serve sth out 分发分发 The waiters served out the second course. serve as 作作用用,权当权当 Her apart

14、ment served as her office. polish 擦亮擦亮 polish your shoes with a brush polish the floor / furniture / car 推敲，使完善推敲，使完善 polishing ones piano technique/ resume Ill need to polish up my French if Im going to France for my holiday. polished a.擦亮的，完美擦亮的，完美无暇无暇的的 suffer v. 1) vt.承受承受,遭受遭受,蒙受蒙受 He suffered

15、many hardships on his way. The party suffered huge losses in the last financial year. I cant suffer her insult. 2) vi.患有患有疾病疾病,为为所苦所苦 Im suffering from a bad cold. suffering n.痛苦痛苦,苦难苦难 economic suffering a. 受苦的受苦的 the suffering people Paragraph C: desperate a. 1)拼死的拼死的,不顾一切的不顾一切的 a desperate man ma

16、ke ones last desperate effort/attempt to save 2)焦急的焦急的,绝望的绝望的,极需要的极需要的 We are in desperate need of help. a desperate illness be desperate for/ to do I am desperate for the efficient method to increase my score. She was desperate to find a job. 3) (情况情况)危急的危急的,极严重的极严重的 A desperate state desperately a

17、d. 拼命地拼命地;极其极其,非常非常 for 鉴于鉴于,就就而论而论(一般用于形容词后面一般用于形容词后面) be+a+for 就就而言而言 It is hot in August in Shanghai, but it is cool for August this year. He is tall for a boy of five. She is mature for her age. vt./ n. (cast , cast)选举中的投票选举中的投票 cast a vote (for the candidate) (为为)投票投票 All the votes in the elect

18、ion have been cast and the counting has begun. 投投(射射),扔，掷，抛扔，掷，抛 The fisherman cast his net a third time after he failed the first two attempts. The sad news cast a shadow over/on the party. cast a glance at sb =its ones turn to do something 应该由某人做某事应该由某人做某事 It fell to me to take over the job. It fe

19、ll to him to explain to us what had happened. fall on (1)在在(某一天某一天) Her birthday will fall on a Friday this year. (2)落在落在身上；由身上；由承担承担 The responsibility usually falls on the mother. fall short of 未达到未达到 The number of people who attended fell short of expectations. 低声低声,耳语耳语 1)v. whisper sth to sb wh

20、isper to sb that She whispered it to me so that no one else would hear. 2)v. It is whispered that 悄悄传开悄悄传开 It is whispered that he is heavily in debt. 3)n. say sth/speak in a whisper 低声说低声说 She said it in a whisper, so I couldnt hear. Paragraph D: He stood, with a pipe in his mouth. He stood, pipe i

21、n mouth. She was looking on with a child on her back. She was looking on, child on back. n.惊恐惊恐,震惊震惊,憎恶憎恶 in horror 惊恐地惊恐地 I cried out in horror as I saw him fall in front of the car. to sbs horror 使某人恐慌的是使某人恐慌的是 To my horror, I realized my T-shirt was wet with blood. horrify vt. The sight horrified

22、 them. horrible a. 可怕的可怕的;糟糕的糟糕的 a horrible day / horrible weather n.吃惊吃惊,惊异惊异 (surprise, astonishment) in amazement 惊讶地惊讶地 She stared at him in amazement. to ones amazement 令某人惊讶的是令某人惊讶的是 To my amazement, he actually refused to help me. Be amazed at/by/that Be amazed to see/find/discover sth What a

23、mazes sb is that aim at sth/doing sth=take aim at 朝朝瞄准瞄准 He aimed at the bottles. aim to do sth 致力于致力于,打算打算 We aim to finish the task by Friday. seize V.抓住，捉住抓住，捉住 Mary seized the opportunity to speak to the headmaster. Seize the day, seize the hour! 只争朝夕！只争朝夕！ I beg your pardon Youre in the way, si

24、r! Oh, I beg your pardon! (=Im sorry!) Could you help me with the composition? I beg your pardon! =Could you repeat what you have just said? Can I put up some posters? 张贴张贴 I put up my hand and asked to leave the room. 举起举起 If you can put up a good enough case, the board will provide the finance. 提出

25、提出 Theyre putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town. 搭建搭建 Could you put us up for the night? 提供食宿，留提供食宿，留住宿住宿accommodate Paragraph O: 忍受，容忍忍受，容忍 She put up with his violent temper. How has Jane put up with him for so long? put away 收起来收起来 put down 写下写下,镇压镇压,拒绝拒绝 put forward 提出提出,提前提

26、前 put off 推迟推迟 put out 熄灭熄灭,关掉关掉,出版出版,公布公布,伸出伸出 一一.情态动词表示推测的用法情态动词表示推测的用法 l表示推测表示推测 .must 肯肯定句，定句，确确定语气，意为定语气，意为“一定一定”。 .may 和和 might肯肯定句，定句，不确不确定语气，意为定语气，意为“可能可能” 。 3. can和和could 否否定句和疑定句和疑问问句中，句中， cant或或couldnt 表示表示“不可能不可能”， can?could? “可能吗可能吗？” 时态时态 l情态动词情态动词+do：对：对现在现在或或将来将来的情况的推测的情况的推测 l情态动词情态动

27、词+be doing：对：对正在进行正在进行的情况的推测的情况的推测 lAt this moment, our teachermust be correcting our exa m papers. lHe must be playing basketball in the room. lShe may be staying at home. l情态动词情态动词+have done？ 1. The ground is rather wet, so it _have rained last night, didnt it? 2. Tom _have gone to Shanghai, but I

28、m still not sure about it. 3. The ground is very dry, so it _have rained last night. 4. Someone must have broken into our bedroom. Who_have done it? must may cant could 1.-Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead. (NMET2000) A. must B. would C. should D. might 2.Mary

29、 be in Paris, for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago A. mustnt B. cant C. shouldnt D. may not B D 3.-_the news be true? -No, it_be true. A. Can, cant B. May, cant C. May, may not D. Must, mustnt 注意注意:may和和might都不用于疑问句中。都不用于疑问句中。 （正）（正）CanCould it be cloudy tomorrow ？ （误）（误）MayMight it be c

30、loudy tomorrow ？ A 情态动词情态动词+动词完成式动词完成式 “情态动词情态动词+have done” 有两个主要的用法。有两个主要的用法。 l表示对过去发生的动作或状态的表示对过去发生的动作或状态的推测。推测。 l表示对过去发生的动作的表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备遗憾或责备,即虚拟。即虚拟。 情态动词情态动词+have done l表示对过去所发生事情的表示对过去所发生事情的推测或带有某推测或带有某 种语气种语气。 1. I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. must + have done 对过去情况推测对过去

31、情况推测 (肯定已经肯定已经) The road is wet. It must have rained last night. There is nobody here. They must have all gone home. 54 2. There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It couldnt have been a comfortable journey. cant/couldnt have done(过去过去)不可能不可能 3. He may not have

32、 finished the exercises, Im afraid. lmay/might have done(过去过去) 或许或许/可能做可能做 (用于肯定或否定句中用于肯定或否定句中) The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, _they The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, _he didnt hasnt You cant be serious, _you?are 拓展拓展 总结：总结： 情态动词情态动词+have done可表示可表示“推测推测” 1. must ha

33、ve done 肯定已做了肯定已做了 2. may/might have done 可能已做了可能已做了 3. cant/ couldnt have done不可能已做了不可能已做了 2. 情态动词情态动词+动词完成式动词完成式 l“情态动词情态动词+have done” 两个主要的用法。两个主要的用法。 l表示对过去发生的动作或状态的表示对过去发生的动作或状态的推测推测 l表示对过去发生的动作的表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备，即虚遗憾或责备，即虚 拟。拟。 A may /might have done “本可以做但没有做本可以做但没有做” lYou might have given him

34、 more help, though you were busy. 你本来应该给他更多的帮助，虽然你很忙。你本来应该给他更多的帮助，虽然你很忙。 lThe proposal might have been refused. 这个建议本该被拒绝的。这个建议本该被拒绝的。 Bcan/could have done “本来是可以本来是可以的的” lWhy didnt Sophie apply for the job? She could have got it. 为什么苏菲不申请这项工作？她本来是能得到的。为什么苏菲不申请这项工作？她本来是能得到的。 lGiven more time, we cou

35、ld have done the work better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们完全可以把这项工如果给我们更多的时间，我们完全可以把这项工 作干得更好。作干得更好。 C must have done 用于虚拟语气中时，表示与过去事实相反。用于虚拟语气中时，表示与过去事实相反。 lYou must have caught the bus if you had got up earlier. 如果你早一点儿起床的话，你准能赶上那一班公如果你早一点儿起床的话，你准能赶上那一班公 共汽车了。（事实上没有赶上公共汽车）共汽车了。（事实上没有赶上公共汽车） lHe must have won the

36、 game if he had been careful enough. 如果他足够细心的话，他准能赢得比赛。如果他足够细心的话，他准能赢得比赛。 D. neednt have done l用于对过去的责备，表示用于对过去的责备，表示“没有必要做某事，没有必要做某事， ”。 lThe airport is close to us. You neednt have hurried there early. 机场离这儿很近，你没必要早早地赶到那里。机场离这儿很近，你没必要早早地赶到那里。 （可是你早早地到那儿了）（可是你早早地到那儿了） lHe is still young. You neednt

37、 have sent him such an expensive present. 他还小，你没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。他还小，你没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。 D didnt need to do 注意：注意： l“过去不必做过去不必做” lIt is not cold today. I didnt need to take the thick sweaters out. 今天天气不冷，我没有必要把厚毛衣拿出来。今天天气不冷，我没有必要把厚毛衣拿出来。 （实际上也没拿）（实际上也没拿） lI didnt need to clean the windows. My brother did it.

38、情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式可表示不定式完成式可表示“推测推测”、 “责备责备”、“怀疑怀疑”等多种意义。等多种意义。 1. must have done 肯定做了肯定做了 2. may/might have done 可能已做了可能已做了 3. cant/ couldnt have done 不可能做了不可能做了 4. should /ought to have done 本该做但没做本该做但没做 5. shoudnt/oughtnt to have done本不该做但做了本不该做但做了 6. could have done 本可以做但没做本可以做但没做 7. neednt have do

39、ne 本不必做但做了本不必做但做了 8. would rather have done 本想做但没做本想做但没做 vShe looks unhappy. She may have got into trouble. vHe started the job early in the morning. He should have finished it by now. vFred isnt home yet. He may/might have missed the train. vThe roofs of the houses are covered with snow. It must have snowed last night. vShe may not have locked the door. Youd better go and have a look. vShe is al