初三 非谓语动词

1、 热身练习 1. The old men enjoy _ (listen) to the singing of the birds in the park. 2.My sister is interested in _ in her free time. A. watch TV B. reading books C. listening music D. plays basketball 3.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers. 4. I saw him _ into the small store. A. went B. going C. to

2、go D. has gone 5.He is good at_. A.singing B.sing C.sings D.to sing listening B help(to)water B A 非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词的概念 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的 动词形式叫做非谓语动词动词形式叫做非谓语动词 它不受人称和数的限制它不受人称和数的限制 非谓语动词分为三种形式非谓语动词分为三种形式: o不定式：不定式：to+动词原形动词原形 o动名词：动词原形动名词：动词原形+ing o分词（现在分词和过去分词）分词（现在分词和过去分词） 非谓语动词是每年中考的

3、非谓语动词是每年中考的必考必考内容内容 主要集中在对主要集中在对动词不定式和动名词动词不定式和动名词的考查的考查 考点分析考点分析 动名词动名词: doing 动词不定式动词不定式: to do 动词动词+doing 介词介词+doing doing 动名词动名词 只能接只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：作宾语的动词口诀： 喜欢花费忙着想象喜欢花费忙着想象 忍不住想要结束练习忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持错过建议保持 介意值得考虑介意值得考虑 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事喜欢做某事 spend.doing s

4、th. 花费花费做某事做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象想象做某事做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事练习做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事保持（继续）做某事 mi

5、nd doing sth. 介意做某事介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事考虑做某事 错过建议保持错过建议保持 介意值得考虑介意值得考虑 介词介词+doing 常考介词常考介词: at, in, on of, off, for, from up, about, without to 等等等等 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing 坚持做某事坚持做某事 be used

6、for doing sth. 被用来做某事被用来做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事害怕做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事推迟做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事放弃做某事 without doing sth. 没有做某事没有做某事 think about doing sth. 考虑做某事考虑做某事 What

7、 How about doing 做某事怎么样做某事怎么样? 此此to 非彼非彼to look forward to doing sth.（盼望）（盼望） pay attention to doing sth.（注意）（注意） be used to doing sth. （习惯于）（习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth（更喜欢）（更喜欢） devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于） make a contribution to doing (做贡献）做贡献） 小试牛刀小试牛刀 1. Now more and more people are bu

8、sy_ about the Internet. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 2.-Its too hot. Would you mind _the door? -_. Please do it. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea 3. No matter how hard it is, well keep_until we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried

9、D. trying 4. -Are you enjoying_in Ningbo? -Yes, we are. Very much. A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived 5 We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story A. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed C B D B B 动词不定式动词不定式: o肯定式肯定式: to do o否定式否定式: not to do o省略省略to的的: do 动词不定式动词不定式 （1 1）基本形式：

10、）基本形式： to+动词原形动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带（在某些情况下可以不带 to） （2 2）特点）特点 ： A .A .没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化 C . 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形 式为式为 to be + 动词过去分词）动词过去分词） B . 可以有自己的宾语和状语可以有自己的宾语和状语 动词不定式动词不定式 用法用法 ： A、作主语、作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy . = Its not easy to learn a foreign language. 注意：不定式短语作主

11、语如果太长，常用注意：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用It作形式主语，将作形式主语，将 不定式后置。除动词不定式后置。除动词be外，外， 动词动词take,cost也常用于上述结构。也常用于上述结构。 B、作表语、作表语 The important thing is to finish the work on time . 动词不定式动词不定式 作宾语作宾语 C、 动词动词 + to do 动词动词+疑问词疑问词 + to do 动词动词 + it(形式宾语）形式宾语）+宾补宾补 +to do 常见动词有常见动词有 agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, p

12、lan 等等 I dont know what to do . I find it important to learn English. 只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀： 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事决定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某计

13、划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事能做某事 be used to do 被用来做被用来做 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事未能做某事 动词不定式动词不定式 D、 作宾补作宾补 动词动词 + 宾语宾语 +to do 动

14、词动词 + 宾语宾语 + do Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary . 注：有以上结构的常用动词有注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg, invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。等。 (不带不带 to 的不定式的不定式) 注：常用的动词是：感官动词注：常用的动词是：感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役动词使役动词 have ,make,let. 五看 watch see look at observe n

15、otice 三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear 一感觉: feel 动词动词 + 宾语宾语 + do 在学习动词不定式的时候还有在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点两点要注意哦！要注意哦！ 1、在、在感官动词感官动词和和使役动词使役动词后作宾补时，不定式后作宾补时，不定式 要要省略省略to,但以上词变为但以上词变为被动语态被动语态时，要时，要加上加上to, 如如 I always saw her play violin . He was made to work 12hours a day. She was always seen to play violin(by

16、 me) . The boss made him work 12hours a day. (by the boss) 区分下列词组区分下列词组: see sb. doing/ do sth. hear sb. doing/ do sth. watch sb. doing/ do sth. notice sb. doing/ do sth. 感官动词感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel + do表示动作的完整性，表示动作的完整性， +doing 表示动作的进行性。表示动作的进行性。 注意：被动语态中不能省去注意：被动语态中

17、不能省去to。 省略省略to的情况的情况: o 使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看 feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, see, watch, notice o had better （not）do sth. 最好最好(不不)做做 o why not /why dont you do sth为什么不做为什么不做? o help sb.（to）do sth o Would rather宁愿做宁愿做 o would you please 情态动词情态动词+do 助动词助动词+do 接不定式作宾

18、语补足语的动词口诀：接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀： 请求与命令请求与命令 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 请求与命令请求与命令 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事请求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事期待某人做某事 enco

19、urage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 牛刀小试牛刀小试 1. My mother

20、often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B. does C. did D. to do 2. Do you often hear John _in his room ? Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room . A.sing , to sing B. sing, sing C. sing , singing D. to sing , singing 3. I watched her _ in the next room last night . A.dancing B. to dance C. d

21、ances D. dance 4.Lets _swimming after the exam . A.go B. goes C. to go D. went 5. Youd better _a bus . A.to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching D C D A B I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about. F 定语定语 (如果不定式中的

22、动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.) 请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔. Please give me a pen to write with. 不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而 且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。 1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系： (1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the f

23、irst to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。 2. 作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，或，或 者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动 作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的相应的 介词介词。 3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way， 不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。 e.g

24、. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。他在找一个房间住。 e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。 4. something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。 e.g. Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗你有什么东西要寄吗 I came here to see you. He got up early to catc

25、h the train. E 状语（表示目的或结果） in order to , so as to , enough to , only to , too.to., 在一些短语中也有体现 独立结构 to be frank, to be honest, To tell the truth, I dont agree with you. 类似的结构 不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, whatwho,which, when, how, what等连用，等连用， 在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。 He did

26、nt know what to say. .他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。( (宾语宾语) ) How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解决这个如何解决这个 问题很重要。问题很重要。( (主语主语) ) My question is when to start. .我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。 ( (表语表语) ) 注意：注意： 在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简 短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。

27、 Why not have a rest? 关于不定式中的小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. eg: -Would you like to go with me ? - Id like to . (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. eg: - Would you like to be a teacher? - Id like to be. 特殊词精讲特殊词精讲: to do doing remember forget (do在后在后) 要做要做（do在前）做过在前）做过 stop go on （两个字）两件事（两个字）两件事 （一个字）一件事

28、（一个字）一件事 like hate love 一次性一次性 长期长期 try 尽力做尽力做 尝试做尝试做 start begin 一样一样 一样一样 stop doing/to do stop to do停下来去做另一件事，停下来去做另一件事， stop doing停止正在做的某事。停止正在做的某事。 Eg: 他们停下来吸烟。他们停下来吸烟。 They stop to smoke. 我必须戒烟了我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking. forget to do忘记要去做某事，忘记要去做某事， forget doing忘记做过某事。忘记做过某事。 Eg： 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘

29、记关了。办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作没有做关灯的动作 The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） He forgot turning the light off. forget doing/to do remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事记得去做某事 remember doing记得做过某事记得做过某事 记着放学后去趟邮局。记着放学后去趟邮局。 Remembe

30、r to go to the post office after school. 你不记得以前见过那个人吗你不记得以前见过那个人吗? Dont you remember seeing the man before? go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，做了一件事后，接着做另一件事， go on doing继续做原来做的事。继续做原来做的事。 Eg： 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。做完数学后，他接着去做物理。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完这个练习后

31、，接着做其他的练习做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习 Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one. try doing/ to do sth. try to do sth. 努力努力, 尽力做某事尽力做某事 Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it . try doing sth. 试着做某事试着做某事 The machine couldnt work. Lets try repairing it. 1. Robert is said _ abroad, b

32、ut I dont know what country he studied in. A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make 3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what

33、_ in my new job. A.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see 5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A.it wh

34、at to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it 6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

35、8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not